Permittivity

izinto polarizability layer iphawulwa ixabiso okhethekileyo, leyo kuthiwa permittivity Heating. Cinga ukuba uhlobo ixabiso.

Zicingele ukuba efanayo ngamandla endle phakathi iipleyiti ezimbini ebizwayo Sivula ngokulinganayo E₀. Ngoku ke bhala naluphi umsantsa phakathi Heating. iintlawulo zombane, eya kuvela kwi umda phakathi Heating kunye umqhubi ngenxa yegalelo laso nokwehlukana ngokuyinxenye bangabi iintlawulo Emacebeni. Ngobunzulu ubunzulu E endle kuba E₀ ngaphantsi.

Amava abonisa ukuba xa ugcwalisa umsantsa phakathi iipleyiti ezilandelelanayo dielectrics olulinganayo, umfutho intsimi ziya kwahluka. Ngoko ke, ukwazi ubudlelwane phakathi ngobunzulu yentsimi zombane ze iipleyiti ukungabikho E₀ Heating kunye E phambi Heating, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukumisela polarizability, ngamanye rhoqo yayo Heating. Le ubuninzi ngokuqhelekileyo zibonakaliswe yileta ԑ Greek (epsilon). Ngenxa yoko, nathi sikwazi ukubhala:

ԑ = E₀ / E.

Permittivity ibonisa ukuba zingaphi izihlandlo amandla entsimini i data elugcinweni yokwambathisa (yohlobo olunye) ukuba ibe ngaphantsi kwe kwi vacuo.

Ukunciphisa amandla yentsebenziswano phakathi iintlawulo ezibangelwa iinkqubo nokwehlukana medium. Xa intsimi yombane, electron kwi athom kunye molecule bancipha mayela ion, kwaye kukho lolwephanyazo dipole. ie ezo molekyuli ukuba abe mzuzu dipole (ingakumbi iimolekyuli zamanzi), utsaleleka esigangeni yombane. La mathuba ukuzakhela intsimi yabo yombane ukuba silwe intsimi leyo eyabangela inkangeleko yazo. Ngenxa yoko, intsimi yombane iyonke lifinyele. Emasimini ezincinane le nto ichazwa nomba rhoqo Heating.

Ngasezantsi permittivity na ongenawo umoya nezinto:

Air ................................. 1,0006 ....

Iparafini .............................. .... 2

Plexiglas (Plexiglas) ...... 3-4

Ebonite ................................. .. ... 4

Porcelain ................................. .... 7

Glass .............................. .. ...... .4-7

Mica ................................. .. ... .4-5

Okwenziwa natural ............ 4-5

Ayizolo .............................. 6-7

Amber .............................. ... ...... 12.8

Amanzi .................................... ... ... .81

La maxabiso izinto permittivity zibhekisela lobushushu ngaphakathi 18-20 ° C. Ngenxa yoko, njalo Heating zeziqina iyahluka kancinane kunye lobushushu, ngaphandle ke ferroelectrics.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, oku kunciphisa irhasi ngenxa yokwanda lobushushu nokwandisa ngenxa uxinzelelo olukhulu. Ukuziqhelisa, njalo Heating komoya ithathwa njengenye.

Le elimsulwa ngezixa ezincinane mhoyanga kwinqanaba iziselo Heating rhoqo.

Ukuba amacala amabini indawo olithandayo wazibeka yokwambathisa, umfutho entsimini eyenziwe ngamnye iintlawulo kwindawo apho elinye icala kunciphisa amaxesha ԑ. Kulo kulandela ukuba amandla ngayo ezi ntlawulo basebenzisane kunye namanye, njengoko ngamaxesha ԑ ngaphantsi. Ngoko ke, umthetho Coulomb kaThixo ngenxa iintlawulo zibekwe Heating siyinikwe:

F = (q₁q₂) / (ԑₐr²).

ku units SI :

F = (q₁q₂) / (4πԑₐr²)

apho F - ungamandla yentsebenziswano, q₁ kunye q₂, - ubungakanani iintlawuliso ԑ - yiyo permittivity ngokupheleleyo kwesi medium, d - umgama phakathi iintlawulo ingongoma.

Ԑ ixabiso lenani ingabonakaliswa kwiiyunithi engenasizathu (xa kuthelekiswa ixabiso elililo zidle permittivity ԑ₀). Ixabiso ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ kuthiwa permittivity isalamane. It uveza mangaphi amaxesha intsebenziswano phakathi izityholo kwisiqhoboshi yohlobo olunye medium ithambile emoyeni; ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba rhoqo entsonkothileyo Heating. ixabiso lenani Ԑ₀, kwaye icala layo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo iiyunithi ikhethiwe; kwaye ixabiso ԑ - elizimeleyo. Ngoko ke, kwindlela ԑ₀ Esu = 1 (lo yunithi yesine main); I SI ezincamathelayo permittivity kubonakaliswa:

ԑ₀ = 1 / (4π˖9˖10⁹) farad / imitha = 8,85˖10⁻¹² f / m (kule nkqubo ԑ₀ ixabiso esukela).