Umthetho Coulomb kaThixo

Xa uthumela electric electroscope uncharged intlawulo entle okanye embi, kunokuthi kubonwe ukuba amagqabi electroscope uya diverge kwindawo engile ezincinci okanye ezinkulu.

Prikosnomsya usebenzisa izinti electroscope umbane ukuya intonga ukunkqaya le angle apho amagqabi ziya diverge. Ukuze ukunika ukungangqinelani amagqabi electroscope kwindawo engile enkulu, kuyimfuneko ukuba ndimyale ukusuka kwindawo ezinkulu wand ityala. Kwelinye icala, amagqabi kunye, emva kokuchukunyiswa isandla intonga electroscope.

Ngaloo ndlela, sifumanisa ukuba amandla isigxina zombane phezu ingu ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi. Ngoko ke, umntu athethe into efana ubukhulu isigxina kwaye, ngenxa yoko, xa ubukhulu bayo.

Oku wenza umbulelo ukuba kuvulwe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. umthetho impefumlelwano izityholo zombane. Lo mthetho wavula yamachiza French Coulomb.

umthetho Coulomb kaThixo yafunyanwa empirically: Scientist olwenziwe asebenzise imali torsion, eligqala amandla ngayo izinto ugesi basebenzisane.

balance Torsion kuquka elula, non-conductive, akukho zombane iintlawulo yesitshixo lanqunyanyiswa wire zesinyithi ezicekethekileyo kakhulu ngesitya iglasi shape zezindlu. Kwenye incam yentonga yomelezwa bead Black Yazo, i kwelinye - a counterweight. ekupheleni kwayo eliphezulu le ucingo osebenza kwelo ziko kwentloko banikwe isalathisi kunye isikali rotary ukuba ukwahlukana, nelisebenza ukufumanisa ubungakanani engile twist le ucingo esiqingqiweyo.

ikhava ibhokisi une yokungena apho yokwambathisa sifakwa omnye, ibhola enye b, nto leyo ilingana ubungakanani ibhalbhu. Ubungakanani umgama emboxo phakathi iibhola zegolide kunye b ubalwa ngamaqela, eziphezu ngesitya zezindlu. Ukuze wenze oku, khawulitshitshise intloko imali eseleyo kwi-engile elithile, uyakwazi ukutshintsha umgama.

Emva zombini ibhola iya kuhlawuliswa, wabeka kuyo nayiphi na umgama, eziphephezelayo owayenokugqiba amandla ngayo iibhola lisebenzisane, ngokulinganisa engile ngemisonto twist.

Xa singavulwanga isixhobo pre-uyenze, ngoko yokulinganisa engile njengokujikeleza entloko, ungabona indlela nzima basebenzisane iibhola ugesi.

Njengoko umgama phakathi iibhola eziphephezelayo bafumanisa ukuba nokudleka rhoqo amandla ngayo ukuba basebenzisane, ziya kuba bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo kabini umgama phakathi kwamaziko zabo.

Ethetha kwi amaxabiso yomlinganiselo iintlawulo kwi amaso ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuba ibhola b kwaye ngokususa evela apparatus, kuza wadibana nomnye ibhola, ukuba kanye isiqingatha intlawulo iza kudlula kwenye ibhola evela ibhola b. Ngaloo ndlela uya ibize isiqingatha. Ukubeka ibhola b emva kwifowuni, eziphephezelayo bafumanisa ukuba imigama ngokulinganayo phakathi iibhola kunye sehlise zabo intsebenziswano amandla kabini - ukunciphisa umlinganiselo ngqo mali isigxina.

Ngokufanayo, ushukumisa intlawulo ibhola kutshintshwe a.

Ngenxa kula mava wavula umthetho, leyo kamva waziwa ngokuba umthetho Coulomb kaThixo, inkcazelo ngayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: amandla impefumlelwano iintlawulo ezimbini ingongoma kisekiyo ngqo bubungakanani, bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo isikweri umgama phakathi iintlawulo kunye ngqo ecaleni komgca esithungelanayo la macala.

umthetho Coulomb kaThixo Amonton oluvakaliswe ifomula:

F = k (q1q2 / r²),

apho q1 q2 - ixabiso iintlawuliso ingongoma ezisebenzisana, r - umgama phakathi iintlawulo, yaye k ngumba ukulingana oko kuxhomekeke koko izixa iyunithi iza kungena ifomula.

Kule kholi sezingeni iintlawulo ezo phezu izidumbu zabo bonke ubukhulu kunye iimilo ezincinane ngokwaneleyo zithelekiswa amade olukukhangela intsebenziswano yabo.

Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ubukhulu kootishala F iphenjelelwa kokusingqongileyo, kwaye ifomula oluvakalisa umthetho Coulomb esisebenzayo kuphela kwimeko xa intsebenziswano imizimba ebebizwe wona ngowama-cleaner.

Ngenxa umthetho Coulomb wabekwa unit alahlwayo yombane. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kwawo ukuthini isigxina sokubambela vacuo ngerhafu efana leyo kumgama sentimitha mnye, kunye amandla dyne omnye. Le yeyona ingundoqo electrostatic kwentlawulo.