Indawo Euclidean: inkcazelo, iimpawu, iimpawu

Nokuba esikolweni, bonke abafundi bafumana ingqiqo ka "geometry Euclidean", izibonelelo ezingundoqo ezo zijolise ezijikeleze elikuwo ezimbalwa ngokusekelwe izinto zejiyometri amanqaku, iinqwelo-moya, intshukumo umgca othe ngqo. Bonke bephela benza oko sele waziwa elithi "isithuba Euclidean".

Euclidean isithuba, inkcazelo esekelwe kwi imeko phindo scalar bezifo icala ekhethekileyo kumgama owazisayo (affine) isithuba, oyifaneleyo eziliqela ezifunekayo. Okokuqala, imveliso engaphakathi bezifo macala ngokupheleleyo, okt kumda wesangqa kunye zilungelelanise (x; y) ngokwemiqathango ubungakanani efanayo eya kumda wesangqa kunye zilungelelanise (y, x), kodwa malunga kwicala.

Okwesibini, xa kunokwenzeka ukuba wenza imveliso scalar we kumda wesangqa kunye ngokwayo, isiphumo eli nyathelo liya kuba HIV. Le Ngaphandle kuphela kuba njalo xa oluqala noluphela zilungelelanise yale kumda wesangqa ilingana zero: kulo mzekelo kunye nemveliso yayo kunye ngokwayo lowo uya kuba zero.

Okwesithathu, kukho imveliso scalar na nosasazwayo, okt ithuba ukwandisa enye zilungelelanise yayo phezu udibaniso lwamaxabiso ezimbini musa ithetha naluphi na utshintsho isiphumo sokugqibela phindo scalar bezifo. Ekugqibeleni, ngenyanga yesine, xa phindo bezifo phindwe ixabiso elililo imveliso yazo scalar nakho kuyanda yi into efanayo.

Xa kunjalo, ukuba zonke ezi meko zine, sinako ngokukhuselekileyo sithi lo isithuba Euclidean.

isithuba Euclidean ukusuka ngamehlo izinto ezenziwayo, wabonakalisa imizekelo ezithile ilandelayo:

1. Ityala elula - bubukho iseti bezifo kunye eminye imithetho esisiseko geometry, imveliso scalar.
2. indawo Euclidean ifunyenwe kwimeko, ukuba bezifo sithetha iseti ethile anesiphelo amanani nabo ifomula elinikiweyo, bechaza bawadibanise scalar okanye imveliso.
3. Ityala ekhethekileyo kwindawo Euclidean kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ekuthiwa-zero isithuba, efunyanwa xa kuthe ubude zombini zithwala scalar ngu zero.

isithuba Euclidean lineqela iipropati ezithile. Okokuqala, scalar kungathathelwa ukuba zombini isibiyeli yokuqala kunye ngumba yesibini imveliso scalar, isiphumo oku akusayi kufumana naluphi na utshintsho. Okwesibini, ecaleni ilungu yokuqala ukusuka ukusasazwa imveliso scalar, izenzo kunye Distributivity into yesibini. Ukongeza isixa scalar bezifo, Distributivity has indawo kwimeko nokuthabatha zithwala. Ekugqibeleni, okwesithathu, ngokuphinda-phinda scalar we kumda wesangqa kunothi, umphumo uya kuba zero.

Ngenxa yoko, le ndawo Euclidean - yeyona nto ibalulekileyo zejometri esetyenziselwa zokusombulula iingxaki kwilungiselelo efanayo bezifo kuthelekiswa enye kwenye, kuba iimpawu ke leyo efana lisetyenziswa kwimveliso yangaphakathi.