Computer izisekelo Logic

Nasiphi na isixhobo okanye indlela adalwe ngayo umntu, esekelwe kwimithetho ezithile umsebenzi wayo, nto leyo eza kunika kuyo ngokusebenzisa iimpawu isicelo kunye nokusebenza. Imfuneko ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ongxamisekileyo isivuseleli siphambili uphuhliso iindidi ezintsha ze koomatshini, ubuchwepheshe, njl Oku kwenza sibe ulwazi kwiindawo ezininzi inzululwazi nobugcisa, ukusetyenziswa evumela ukuba ukudala indawo yokuqala ubhalo iindawo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ezifana iziseko ubhalo ye computer, uze ukuguqulela zibe iindidi ezintsha izixhobo. ulwimi olulula lomntu obizwa ngokuba "inkqubela technical".

Umfutho ukuvela computers intshukumisa ezimbini uqhuba: imfuno yent- ezinkulu yokujongwa ulwazi neempumelelo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe (umbane, kwimathematika, inzululwazi neteknoloji of semiconductors, isinyithi kunye nabanye abaninzi). I iisampuli lokuqala becomputing elektroniki izixhobo yaqinisekisa ngemigaqo computer kwaye baqalisa ilixa luphuhliso olukhawulezayo kwiklasi entsha izinto zobugcisa, ebizwa ngokuba "iikhompyutha electronic".

Lokuphunyezwa ingcamango lobuchwepheshe isixhobo becomputing ezisisiseko computer ubhalo zaye laliqulunqwe usebenzisa algebra ekuqiqeni, ukuchaza iseti iimpawu kunye rhoqo theoretical component. imithetho boolean leyo ichazwe iziseko ubhalo ye computer, kwenziwa ngenkulungwane ye-19 eliNgesi uYohane. Bull. Enyanisweni, kuba sisiseko theoretical component iinkqubo digital processing ulwazi. kubume bayo kwenza imigaqo yobudlelwane ubhalo phakathi kwamanani: lidibene, disjunction kunye namanye, leyo efana kakhulu ubudlelwane ezaziwayo-kakuhle ebaluleke phakathi amanani yokalo emileyo - phindo, Ngaphezu, njl Amanani algebra Boolean na ukumelwa yokubini, oko kukuthi, zimelwe kuphela amanani 1 no 0. Ezi zenzo zichazwe ngamanani zeesimboli ezongezelelweyo Boolean. Ezi zinto kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa imithetho zemathematika ubhalo eziziziqalelo ukuchaza nayiphi na ingxaki azo okanye isenzo ulawulo ngu kwiimpawu ezithile, oko kukuthi, "ukubhala inkqubo." Ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokufaka, le nkqubo "ulayishiwe" kwi computer kwaye lisebenza njenge "yokulahla" kuba ukuba kwenziwe.

isixhobo sokufaka iinkcukacha kuguqula imiqondiso engenayo ibe imiqondiso yombane njenge ikhowudi yokubini, kwaye imisebenzi kuwo - ukudlulisa nokuguqula eqonda ukwenza izibalo kunye imisebenzi okomqondo yenziwa izixhobo ze-elektroniki ekuthiwa amasango, amarhamba angenakukhafulwa, okuntlandlo-flops njl Bakha Akunakuba zobugcisa kwi computer, apho ukulubala engamawaka amashumi amawaka izinto.

Ukwakhiwa iquka ikhompyutha unit main 4: NB - unit ulawulo, a RAM kunye ROM - esiludumbo memory nokugcinwa amandla, i-Alu - unit logic arithmetic, IOCTL - O isixhobo sokufaka. Kakade ke, ngamnye kubo lokungathobeli kuyilo iziseko ubhalo ye computer. Umsebenzi inkqubo yekhompyutha iquka ukulayisha ibe RAM okanye ROM yokusebenza inkqubo, ezibhalwe iikhowudi ezizodwa, egcinwe amakhadi ngamanqindi, amakhasethi owahluke ngokwemvelo, disks Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye nezibonwa kunye namanye amajelo eendaba. Le program ilungiselelwe ukuze zisetyenziswe uu nokuphuma ngoku okanye inkcukacha yokusebenza kunye nokufumana isiphumo zahlelwa, umz, ukubonisa umfanekiso kwi esweni okanye ukuguqulwa lwedijithali umqondiso audio, njl Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, NB wenza transfers ezininzi iibhloko ngolwazi phakathi zonke izixhobo ifakiwe kule khompyutha.

I "isikhungo" engundoqo a Alu yekhompyutha - inkqenkqeza zonke izibalo kunye nemisebenzi logic. Okwangoku, i-Alu wenza isixhobo umsebenzi kuthiwa njengomqhubekisi okanye isilawuli, nto leyo isixhobo semiconductor ubungakanani nje ezimbalwa iibhokisi zematshisi, kunye iseti inani elingu kwemisebenzi. Ngcembe elongeze isilawuli umsebenzi wolawulo kwezixhobo lwangaphandle - esweni, abashicileli, njl uphuhliso lwakutsha nje kule ndawo ziye uvunyelwe ukudala microprocessors kunye iseti epheleleyo leeyunithi olusebenzayo iikhompyutha, ngoko ke kwabonakala iikhompyutha-chip ne pocket-ubukhulu features olupheleleyo computer. Yintoni ayimangalisi kukuba iziseko ubhalo ngekhompyutha yenzelwe kanye icebo lokuqala ikhompyutha, anditshintshanga unanamhla.