Amafama yaMandulo eYiputa. Egypt yamandulo: Ezolimo

Xa kwimbali yamandulo eYiputa ekuqaleni ixesha dynastic - ixesha esigquma ibhodi amakhosi I-II. Ngokunxulumene Old yoBukumkani, limele ubukumkani III-IV amakhosi. Isambuku ingcaciso enxulumene yothuba elithile efikelele abantu mihla ngokohlobo kumatye imikrolo (neepeyinti ipeyintwe). Zingasebenza iindonga emagumbini kumangcwaba iingangamsha laseYiputa yamandulo.

Ulimo Egypt yaMandulo: Imbali

Ulimo ixesha isiseko kwezoqoqosho. Ulimo eYiputa yamandulo iqatshelwe into yokuba kubaluleke kakhulu ingakumbi uphuhliso lizwe. Oku kungenxa umgangatho inkqubela zeteknoloji kunye neempawu ze-bume yendalo. Ngenxa yoko, abalimi eYiputa yamandulo anamandla kakhulu ekukhuleni kwemveliso. Abantu imfuneko yokuphuhlisa Imilambo yonyaka lomlambo. Isenokuba kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho. Yintoni kungathetha Dolina Nila, ukuba ibingekho unkcenkceshelo kunye nokutsalwa? Bekuya kuba nelezihlambo boggy phakathi kwesanti eziguqukayo.

Uphuhliso Neolithic

Izizwe yokuqala yezolimo bengakwazi ukuboleka izakhono izityalo ezikhula ngayo Near East. Kwakhona, ukuba ngaba banxibelelane yabemi kweMilambo, Palestine kunye Yemen. Isenokuba kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho Old yoBukumkani. Lichaza yokuqala yezolimo Ethiopian yomhla III nkulungwane BC. e. Mhlawumbi kusenokwenzeka ukuba okuziinkozo zasendle waba kuMntla Afrika. Kuba kweli lizwe kwixesha Neolithic zaye waphawulwa ngenxa yeemeko imozulu imanzi. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu nga yokugqiba ukuba amafama bamandulo eYiputa ukuphuhlisa imisebenzi yayo ngumntu ozimeleyo.

Imiba ephambili oluvuselela

Abalimi eYiputa yamandulo bajamelana ukuvuthuluka bume yendalo, nto leyo abachaphazelekayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo ubomi babo. Sithetha malunga esezintabeni ukuya empumalanga nasentshonalanga loMlambo umNayile. Lo mba kunokubonisa ukuba amafama eYiputa kwanyanzeleka ukuba kulungiswe ngokukhawuleza kwi lomlanjana kulwa yehlathi nemigxobhozo esihlambo. izixhobo ilitye oluphuculiweyo, kwakunye izixhobo ngobhedu wabonakala. Ngenxa kumafama bamandulo eYiputa singade siqabele ilitye, nomthi ngothotho lwezixhobo ukuba ezaziyimfuneko ukuze nokusebenza ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye namatyholo ukusika (amazembe, adzes, amagaba). Ngenxa yoko, ukuba nemveliso liye landa kakhulu. Kwiindonga zeNayile phezu abembi endulini yendalo baye bafumana iindawo zokuhlala abalimi okuqala abangabakhe ixesha lesibini pre-dynastic. Bathetha nayo indlela yokuphila. amafama yaMandulo eYiputa baye bafunda ukusebenzisa onogumbe enamandla lomlambo iimfuno zabo. Bona kwakhiwa imithi zamandulo elimgcinayo kwimihlaba amanzi etephini.

uphuhliso olunye

A obunobunzima amaqula wabonakala hayi kwangoko. Yaba ngenxa yomsebenzi kabuhlungu kunye nzima, kwakunye namava lwemisebenzi yokukhupha amanzi entilini kunye Nile Delta. Le nkqubo wezemfundo badlula ngokwamanqanaba. Ngcembe akha amadami, emigodini njalo njalo. Ngoko ke, kusengqiqweni ukugqiba ukuba Neal inika lonke laseYiputa Ancient. Ezolimo uye waqhubeka ngokukhawuleza. Ukwakha amadama kweenkqubo zonkcenkceshelo, abameli zokusuphavayiza belilinye ishishini usebenzisa isimo se lizwe kunye nkcukacha yamanzi ngurhulumente omlambo. Nile idla ngonyaka. Sithetha ngeziganeko rhoqo ukususela ngoJuni ku-Oktobha. Flood kumsele loMnayile waphuphuma elunxwemeni ukuya Amathafa entlango. Le ndawo ngelixa izityalo savanna-emathafeni ezahlukeneyo.

izixhobo iimpawu

Kweli xesha lokuqala dynastic baba, eneneni, ziyafana yamandulo. Ngokubhekisele thuba lakamva, kunokwenzeka ukuba imipu yaba kancinane ngakumbi ogqibeleleyo. izixhobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezaqanjwa ngabantu abahlala eJiputa yamandulo. Agriculture yaye negalelo ekwakhiweni izixhobo ezitsha. Ikhuba uhlobo ukuzazi iboniswe ngumbhalo imizobo, ezinxulumene ngexesha Dynasty II. Le lesikhumbuzo ukumkani ubonisa hoe. Kwenye amangcwaba akwi phakathi I Dynasty, kwabuzwa ngeerhengqe yamaplanga kunye iincakuba kwiplagi lamaqhosha kweqhwitha zifunyenwe. Ke ukuba ukugaya, oko kwenziwa ngesandla. grater ngoboya ugcinwe kakuhle. Bona izilingo amatye amabini phakathi apho okuziinkozo titrated. izityalo cereal ezininzi, ezaye ngexesha Endala yoBukumkani, zaye kuzazisa kumaYiputa, kwaye ngexesha ekuqaleni. Oku kusebenza umthi womkhiwane, isundu, umdiliya kunye nezinye. Phakathi imifuno, kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuba iintlobo ezintsha (lettuce, kwaneekomkomere, igalikhi, amatswele, imifuno iingcambu, njalo njalo).

Iimpawu zendalo kweenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba neflakisi kakhulu yaphuhliswa phambi amaxesha Old yoBukumkani. Ngokuphathelele nokudalwa inkqubo yonkcenkceshelo, kuya kufuna izakhono ezizodwa kunye nokusebenza nzima. Kwakhona kwakufuneka e-olunzulu ulwazi kwishishini lokwakha, hydraulics, imathematika nesayensi. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ezolimo ngokupheleleyo isekelwe kwinkqubo yokunkcenkceshela isitya. Ngako oko, le kumjikelo wonyaka wabasebenzi axhomekeke ulawulo amanzi omlambo.

Ukusungulwa ikhalenda yezolimo

Amafama (kunye ngeenkwenkwezi kamva) ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kwaqondakala ukuba kokuphuma lokuqala yokuqala of the star Sirius. Oku kwaphawula ukuqala konyaka omtsha yaye kukhatshwa ngokuvuswa amanzi eNayile. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ngokuqwalasela, amaYiputa akwazi ukuba zizakhele kwikhalenda yezolimo. Kuyinto ngokupheleleyo ekwafanekisa kolawulo amanzi omlambo. Amagama onyaka zibonisa kakuhle umsebenzi wezolimo.

imiba nkampani

Abasebenzi bakhululekile ukuba alahle ezweni lakhe. Wavumela ukuba lo mnikelo, intengiso kunye umnqophiso. Elinye igosa angaba iirhuluneli eziliqela. Nabo ke, aba abaphathi eyintloko ezifama. Sibukela amaqela asebenza asebenza ngexesha lokutyala isivuno. Xa i Gcina Image, bona yayibandakanya ngokupheleleyo babantu. Nentsingiselo umsebenzi yabafazi. Ukuba igosa lakomkhulu ke nomarhi, abavuni azikho ngokwaneleyo, ngoko ke ukunceda amajoni abo, wakwazi ukutsala "Ukumkani" zabantu. It is a umbuzo amafama-abaqhelekileyo. Fields kwakhona zilinywa ngamakhoboka.