Panspermia - yinto Cingela ukubonakala eziphilayo emhlabeni. ubungqina panspermia

Phakathi mbono malunga ngemvelaphi yobomi on Earth panspermia hypothesis elusuku olukhe-. Lo mqondo kakhulu exotic. Uyatsho ukuba ubomi iplanethi yethu ukuba uhlobo yesiqalo. imibungu lwayo zasiwa emhlabeni enye sezijikelezi (umz enomsila) okanye inqanawa amazwe. Panspermia - yiloo nto, imbonakalo yayo ezinxulumene igama sobulumko yamandulo uAristotle. Abaxhasi le lethiyori owayephila XVII-XVIII eminyaka. Gotfrid Leybnits. Noko ke, kuphela ekuqaleni panspermia ngenkulungwane XX ngayo yayeka ukuba iingcamango yentanda zifunyanwe indlela yokulungisa ezahlukeneyo kunye nemizekelo.

panspermia radiation

Ngowe-1908, isazinzulu Swedish Svante Arrhenius wabeka phambili isigama, ebizwa panspermia theory of radiation. Yamachiza wacebisa ukuba imbewu iintsholongwane aba yokuqala ehlabathini emva kokuba ukufuduka evela emajukujukwini wendalo iphela. Isizathu soku "imfuduko" Arrhenius waziva uxinzelelo kwelanga (ukukhanya okanye enye inkwenkwezi enkulu).

Le hypothesis panspermia ixhaswa ezininzi. Ubomi izinyanya mhlawumbi, le zizazinzulu Venus, apho ibhaktiriya ubushushu-resistant unokufumana Emhlabeni ngexesha iiplanethi ababini kwi umgama eliphezulu mfutshane enye kwenye.

uxinzelelo Factor ukukhanya

Ubukho xi ukukhanya phambi Arrhenius wabonisa zemvelo ngokomfuniselo Russian uPyotr Lebedev. Ngaphezu koko, iye yahlalutya ifuthe kulo mba kwi imbewu akhazimlayo (akhazimlayo). Kulo mba, kwinkulungwane XIX, ithiyori ye panspermia uxhaswe kuFerdinand Cohn, uJustus von Liebig, Germanom Gelmgoltsem, kunye nezinye izazinzulu ingca- ngexesha lakhe.

Noko ke, kwinkulungwane XX, le nto iye wagxeka ngabaphandi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho iosif Shklovsky, uCarl Sagan kunye nabanye. Abachasi abaphika ukuba ubungqina panspermia, phantsi kwemiba yokuba imfuduko isithuba ixesha elide akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ithamo etshabalalisayo radiation imbambano.

abatyeleli space

Xa ngokubanzi uhlobo lwe thiyori panspermia ufundeka ukuba zidle, leyo angahamba iintsholongwane khona elide, akufuneki angqamane ubomi babo, ekubeni amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu, iiseli zomzimba ziyakhukuliseka emkhenkceni (oopopayi imisiwe). Kuthiwa iindwendwe ezinjalo "bavuke" ngoko nangoko emva kokufika kwakhe Emhlabeni, apho liphuhlise lethuba Bulelani ezikwimozulu kuqondana kwiimeko ezininzi.

Iimbono zingentla ziye ukulahlwa abaphengululi mihla. Studies elabhoratri aye abonisa ukuba le ongenawo umoya weseli isithuba nje uqhuma ngenxa ngumphunga amanzi superfast yakhe. Ngenxa kule nkqubo magciwane iginya uxinzelelo ngokugqithiseleyo lwangaphakathi. Le impikiswano iphambili iingcali abakholelwa ukuba panspermia radiation - intsomi.

Litopanspermiya

Olunye uhlobo panspermia - litopanspermiya. Owasungula le kwithiyori Melvin Calvin wayekholelwa ukuba Ekuthwaseni ebomini bafumane loo mhlaba, kunye a zimpahla. Kude kube ngoku, isigama panspermia asifumanekanga backed up yi-invoyisi ahambelanayo.

On Earth ukufumana ngokwenene yokutyiwa isuntswana awe atshiswayo emoyeni. izinto ezifana wafunda ezininzi izazinzulu, kodwa akukho mntu ningekabi nakomelela ukufumana okanye kuzo ukulanda umkhondo zobomi. Izazinzulu kuphela ezinye izinto eziphilayo fixed (umz ezinamanqatha asidi kwaye acid).

umqondo enomsila

Enye Cingela yimbonakalo eziphilayo emhlabeni, ezinxulumene panspermia, ithiyori ekuthiwa enomsila thaca kule ncwadi noFundo Hoyla "ilifu ophilayo". Kule ncwadi, umbhali uzame ukubonisa ukusebenza ingqiqo yabo mzekelo nezifo intsholongwane jikelele (kubandakanywa umzekelo umkhuhlane Spanish ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX). Hoyle wacebisa ukuba loo izifo ubunzima (bhe) kungachazwa imvelaphi yazo cometary. Ngendlela efanayo virus, uMhlaba akwazi ukufumana ubomi, umbhali uthi.

Yiba iingxoxo zabo iqela le ngcamango imvelaphi cometary le ntsholongwane. Inkoliso virologists uyavuma ukuba, umzekelo, i-flu ubhubhane e Hong Kong ngo 1968-1969. kakhulu ayicacanga ngakumbi uchaza usasazeko usulelo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye yaye ngendaleko yayo ekulweni amajoni omzimba, ngaphezu ingcamango leengcambu zayo yesiqalo. Ukongeza, litopansermiya - Cingela ukuba asikwazi bachaza njenge Meteor kunye iintsholongwane bangena kwinkqubo elanga ukusuka kwenye kwinkqubo inkwenkwezi, apho, mhlawumbi, kukho iimpawu yobomi.

panspermia ibhekiswe

Xa nenani-1970. kuluntu lwezenzululwazi kukho enye imfundiso ngenkalipho imvelaphi yobomi on Earth - panspermia ngqo. Le hypothesis bekungayi kuba xa ukuba isihloko ngoko ziwayo-kakhulu ubukrelekrele komhlaba. Ukuba uyakholwa panspermia ngqo, imbewu yokuqala yobomi ukuvela eMhlabeni ngokuyalelwa sasinempumelelo ethile, ekhoyo kwindawo ethile enzulwini isithuba. Mhlawumbi Imbewu kunye neentsholongwane ziye zithunyelwe kwi kumatshini okhethekileyo, yaye wenza konke kulwenziwo thanga okanye lwesayensi.

Abaxhasi ingcamango yokuba panspermia ngqo njengobungqina yayo bayakhunjuzwa ukuba zonke eziphila kufuneka kubume zabo kunqabile kwi nesinyithi iplanethi yethu, kuquka molybdenum. Esinye isizathu siyifumana kubunjani ikhowudi yezofuzo. Imvelaphi yale meko nangoku kakuhle ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa amatshatshazi ezininzi ubumhlophe obusezintongeni nokucingela kakhulu uyinto, ingakumbi hypothesis of panspermia ngqo. bokholo Its bacinga ukuba bonke eziphila bavela kukhokho eqhelekileyo (silwanyana), wabonakala apha enkosi yimpucuko komhlaba. Okwangoku, akukabikho nto ubungqina obucacileyo bokuba njengabaphambukeli lotyelelo lwabo Earth.

uthuli cosmic

Enye ingcamango panspermicheskaya amathumba phantsi kwingcinga yokuba nomhlaba uvele ngothuli lwasemhlabeni, nto leyo yaba iintsholongwane yobomi. Kulo mzekelo, iintsholongwane banokuphila kuphela nokugcina lobushushu abazinzileyo-langa esitsha. Noko ke, izazinzulu zophando zibonise ukuba sikwinqanaba yalo yokuqala, i-Earth ibhola etshisayo, nto leyo iye yaqhubeka aphole phezu izigidi ezininzi zeminyaka.

Kunjalo uthuli cosmic njengomthuthi zobomi ukufumana kwiplanethi yethu kamva. Le yenye hypothesis, nto leyo iphakamisa panspermia. Ngokufutshane, ezi zimvo yangoonomgogwana bezizwe ukuba kule 1970. Waba kuquka nesazi-nzulu yiSoviet Lev Mukhin. Nayiphi na imichiza ezintsonkothileyo eziphilayo phambi kokuba avele ehlabathini, kufuneka boyise koMhlaba, apho combusted kunye awe kunye nezinye izinto isithuba.

"Live" imvula

iingxoxo zakutsha malunga uhlobo ubomi emhlabeni baqalisa isithuba ngo-2001, xa urhulumente Indian Kerala yaba imvula obomvu ezizodwa. Wedwa kule meko yemvelo ingalindelekanga okuqinileyo kuphela. Okuzibonela ingxelo imvula kwemvula phambi kokuba ubungqina izaqhwithi engaqhelekanga kunye ezithile ukukhanya enamandla.

Lo mkhuba lemvula ebomvu kuye kwatsala ingqalelo izazinzulu amateurs ezivela kulo lonke ihlabathi. izifundo Ezinye aye abonisa ukuba oyena nobangela kwamasuntswana umbala sentsimbi nemvelo abafumanekayo amanzi ngohlobo oluludaka. njengokungathi abenzi bokubi iingxabano. Kuba abaxhasi panspermia le nyaniso enye impikiswano obuxhasa ingqikelelo imvelaphi lendalo ubomi emhlabeni.

imvula yokuqala ukusuka imbewu, ngaphambili kwi planethi zange akwazi ukuya khona phezu Umhlaba ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo? iingcali ezininzi watolika iziganeko India kunjalo. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba mbewu bawa kunye nemvula ebomvu, yaba epiphytes - izityalo engqondweni zithandwa ekhula kuyo yonke le yinxalenye yehlabathi. Ngenxa yoko, precipitations kuphela ukujikeleza isiqephu izinto zemvelo kwindalo. Noko ke, le isiqephu imvula ebomvu e Kerala wabonisa indlela ngombandela enokwenzeka amazwe ubomi Umhlaba.

Le Ukufuna uyaqhubeka

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho mntu awaba nako ukufumana ubungqina ubomi ngaphaya Earth (kuqukwa mba eziwe eqhotyoshelwe kule planet wesithathu kwenkqubo elanga abavela ngaphandle). Ngamaxesha athile, eendaba kuvela ulwazi ivuso malunga izinto ezinjalo, kodwa eyona nto kuyo Nanku ukutyhilwa engalunganga leefekthi okanye ubuxoki ngabom. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuze umzimba ukuba iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo ezifana amagciwane. Ukongeza, esiwa emhlabeni, umcimbi cosmic "ongcolileyo" ubomi emhlabeni, nto leyo luphazamise phambili mkhanyo.

Zonke ezi zimvo zibonisa ukuba panspermia - Cingela ethandabuzekayo, nto leyo ayinayo isiseko ubungqina. Noko ke, kugxeka yenzululwazi akuzange kumthintele inani elikhulu abathanda siqhubeka sifuna iimpikiswano ukuxhasa mibono.