Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich: biography

Sesayensi ebalaseleyo kunye Academician Vladimir Kotelnikov waba nguvulindlela umsunguli zokufihlakeleyoComment zasekhaya. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yena nabalingane bakhe wadala inani lwezixhobo unique, kweza ngalo ulwazi ezifihlakeleyo nemiyalelo.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Sesayensi ebalaseleyo kunye injineli Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich wazalelwa Kazan. Wazalwa ngoSeptemba 6, 1908. Inkwenkwe usuka kwintsapho yezinye iingcali amafa - uyise kunye notatomkhulu wakhe babesebenza kwiyunivesithi ekufuphi. Akumangalisi ukuba kwiminyaka nentsapho omncinane Volodya 6 bafunda ukufunda nokubhala, kodwa kakuhle iziseko algebra, izibalo kunye nokwakheka kwaso.

iminyaka School, umntwana wawa phezu ngexesha yeHlabathi yokuQala kunye War Civil. Ngenxa yale ntsapho KOTELNIKOVO rhoqo basuka kwiindawo ngeendawo. Vladimir Wabufunda ekhaya, yaye isikolo wafundela ukuba iiklasi ezintathu zokugqibela kuphela. Obabuza yeminyaka imfazwe zange kuyaphula umdla yakhe kwinzululwazi. Le okwishumi elivisayo waba nomdla kunomathotholo. Nto ayithandayo ziyichaze ubomi bakhe elizayo yonke.

ukubunjwa

Ngowe-1926 Vladimir wangena Moscow Higher Technical School ogama emva Bauman. Kufunda eyunivesithi ilandelwe bekutyelelo izifundo Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. Ezili kwi Nyquist Bauman lwesakhiwo layo bema MEI - Moscow Power Engineering Institute, owaphumelela ukusuka mfana.

imfundo ophambili wamvumela ukuba yinjineli kwi Research Institute of loNxibelelwano ye-Red Army. Ke Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich ababhalise isidanga MEI, ngelixa wayesebenza injineli oyintloko kunye nentloko elabhoratri kwi-Institute Research.

aqonde into ebalulekile

Career of zezenzululwazi entsha wenze idabi ekhawulezileyo, xa ngowe-1933, washwankathela ngobhalo zelwe imisebenzi, abaphandi ezivulekileyo British Whittaker. Ichaza ukungabikho ulahleko lwedata xa usebenzisa uphawu okuqhubekayo. Ifomula wazibonakalisa Kotel'nikov, kwakubaluleke kakhulu kwixesha elizayo zobugcisa. Le kwafunyaniswa yaba sisiseko kwengcamango ulwazi kunye ikhowudi yayo nokulungiswa neesistim zomyalezo digital, njl Malunga ngexesha elifanayo Kotelnikov idabi efanayo kuphando lwabo Wenza American Klod Shennon, ngenxa yoko yathiywa le theorem Whittaker - .. Nyquist - Shannon.

Fundamental ezifunyaniswe yacaca asiyi kuba kwaoko. Ngokuba izinto zayo unique Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich wabhala ingxelo eneenkcukacha, kodwa ayizange yamkelwe abahleli yesayensi kwijenali-union "Umbane". Le ncwadi yathi izinto umphandi yinto azisa iinjineli Soviet.

kuqhubekayo umsebenzi

Noko ke, kakade kule minyaka 30 isazinzulu Soviet Kotelnikov Vladimir waba umviwa of Sciences zobugcisa USSR. Wafumana ngezinga ngaphandle ekuzikhuseleni ithisisi. Kungekudala, ngowe-1941, injineli uqulunqe inani siseko engundoqo, ekufuneka ekwakheni ikamva inkqubo ubungqina zokuhlela signal.

Izicatshulwa Nyquist baba yotshintsho olululo. A ezintsha eziphambili yaba inguqu iziganeko ezindala analog edijithali. Bekucingelwa ukuba izixhobo imisebenzi enjalo iza kusebenza ngokuhambelana kwi theorem kweesampula. Njengoko kunjalo kunye nophando lwabo yeengcingane, ISAZINZULU kwakhona ngaphambi kwexesha layo. Le ndlela, ke kwangaphambili, kwakukho kuphela emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Kwi kwezibonelelo eyimfihlo

Ekupheleni kwale 30 Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich waba yintloko yilebhu nokudalwa multi-channel izixhobo zonxibelelwano kunomathotholo. Ngayo kamva, elifutshane-umgca phakathi eMoscow iyavuma yasekwa. Idibene ne Kotelnikov kule projekthi wasebenza abayili ezibalaseleyo uAleksandr zobisi, uKonstantin Egorov kunye nabanye. Kwakhona, ISAZINZULU ekhokelwa kwiilebhu ezimbini, nto leyo yaphuhliswa zokuhlela ubugcisa, yomnxeba kunye nolwazi yocingo. Iqela, ukusebenza kwezi zakhiwo, yagqitywa ngendleko iinjineli, kutshanje baphumelela Institute of Communication.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, iingcali Soviet zikwazile ukuya kwiinkqubo ulwazi ufihlo lixesha ukuya yolunye entsha, yomgama yimfihlo iincoko koonomathotholo kunye ngefowuni. Negalelo elikhulu kule impumelelo wenze Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Biography Izazinzulu ziye zabonisa ubunkokeli yeli lizwe ofanele ukuphathisa kuye owenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo. Abaqambi yayithatha isisombululo sengxaki yokuba ngokubaluleka zesizwe - isixhobo umbhalo iwuse kwi khowudi iisignali ilizwi, ukumelana yonke ezama utshaba. Emva kokuba iJamani ehlasela USSR izixhobo yaba ebalulekileyo.

"Sable" yaye "Bullfinch"

izixhobo Ekhethekileyo wayalela isebe ophethe frequency karhulumente (RF) zonxibelelwano. imodeli lokuqala uvavanyo of "Sobol-I» waphuhliswa kwaye badlula ngo-1938. Izixhobo lwenziwa kwisityalo iLeningrad "Red Dawn." Xa ikomkhulu Northern ibiphantsi zokungqinga, kwishishini ukuba bakhutshwe ku Ufa. yasekwa Kukho umzi-mveliso omtsha №697, ephethwe yi Abantu Commissariat ye-Electrical Industry USSR.

Nangona kunjalo, e Ufa, wenjenjeya yinxalenye ilebhu, intloko leyo Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. ISAZINZULU, nangona emfazweni, baqhubeka nokuphuhlisa zokukhowuda, ezazikade kubaluleke gqitha ukuziphendulela lizwe. Kwiqela Ufa Nyquist ngokubambisana noMbutho ezo njineli zesityalo "Red Dawn." isampuli "Sobol-P" yasungulwa ngo-1942. Le modeli senzelwe yimfihlo zeefoni radio shortwave. Ngelo xesha, "Sobol-P" liye laba izixhobo kakhulu obugcisa nzima umbhalo iwuse kwi ulwazi. Le fowuni oguqula zombane Imiqondiso kabini kwintetha. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa iinxenye ukulibaziseka kwixesha uphawu kunye umsesane wayo spectrum inversion. Uphuhliso ivumela ukuvelisa transposition uziziqwempu yokuthetha. cryptogram oqalwe yaba angafundekiyo ngenxa yotshaba.

Le modeli bahlola uthumo ezizodwa zikarhulumente. Wafumanisa ukuba "Sobol-P" ivumela iingxoxo ekhusini ngokukhuselekileyo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba amanye amacandelo mechanical ukuba izixhobo (kubandakanywa imigqomo ngemagnethi) akwenziwanga ngendlela Ufa kunye iLeningrad ongqingiweyo. izinto zexabiso kusindisa imigca encediswa Aviation.

Kunye ne "Sable" kwi izixhobo eziphathwayo lokuhlela SAU-16 ( "Bullfinch") yaphuhliswa ngexesha lemfazwe. Esi sixhobo kufana isutikheyisi. KuYe ngexesha uhambo bakhe basebenzisa ngqwayi ngaphambili kunye nabameli kwezibonda emhlabeni, apho kwakungekho unxibelelwano oluvela rhoqo.

"Neva"

Wokucoca "Sobol-P" zaye kuqala asetyenziswe entsimini ekupheleni kuka-1942. Ke idluliselwe imodeli ngokufihlisa ingxoxo iqalwa phakathi eMoscow Tbilisi, ngokubuyisela ibhuqiwe amaJamani ulwalamano uqhelene kubunkokheli be-Transcaucasian Front. isixhobo Bet ophula kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, de kunxweme lweCaspian ayikho umgca omtsha kwakhiwa. Emva ubhaptizo ngempumelelo izixhobo lomlilo "Sobol-P" ukubetha ikomkhulu onke amanqanaba. E GHQ siye sagqiba ukusebenzisa le modeli ukuze adlulisele imiyalelo efihlakeleyo phezulu kunye neengxelo.

Kodwa "Sobol-P" wayengekho ezintsha kuphela apho isandla Kotelnikov Vladimir. Inkqubela 40 Scientist kwayinto lingabalulekanga ngemva kokusungulwa "Owl" yaye "Neva". Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ukuba Sifihla imiyalezo kusetyenziswa amajelo igxunyekwe. Busekelwe phezu scheme ikhowudi oluxandileyo, wahlukile nga phesheya. "Neva" ezisetyenziswa kunxibelelwano phakathi Moscow, 1 no-2 Fronts Byelorussian Byelorussian. Ukongeza, le ndlela ifumene isicelo sawo ngexesha kwinkomfa ngamazwe Amanyeneyo kwisiqingatha sesibini yemfazwe (Tehran, Yalta kunye Potsdam neenkomfa). Ekugqibeleni, i "Neva" lalisetyenziswa kwi iintetho yesicelo kunye iingqukuva ezisemantloko amagunya aseYurophu kwi kokusayina uzinikele waseJamani.

emva kwemfazwe,

Emva kokuba ngoloyiso iqela lweenjineli abasebenza Ufa, kwathiwa apheliswe. Iingcali ze "Red Dawn" labuyela eLeningrad. Esinye isiqingatha abaqambi kunye izazinzulu waya eMoscow, kuquka kwi MEI. Kukho wahlala ukusebenza kunye Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Photo sesayensi akazange wakhwela kumaphephandaba. Busebenza inyewe yakwamkhozi, akaba nako ukubala kwi emphakathini uluntu imisebenzi yayo. Noko ke, emva kwemfazwe, Vladimir Kotelnikov kwakhokelela isebe boMbutho ngayo "Isisekelo theory of Radio Engineering". Wabaleka ke iminyaka engaphezu kwama-36.

Kodwa inxalenye karhulumente imisebenzi libunile ngokuchasene nentsukaphi zomsebenzi Marfino sharashka odumileyo. Lo gama ongekho yaziwa ngokubanzi, ndakutywina enkosi iincwadi zombhali kaNobel Alexander Solzhenitsyn, naye wasebenza apho. Ngokusemthethweni, kwaba ilebhu ekhethekileyo №8, wadala ngokomyalelo ngurhulumente waseSoviet. Xa imo sharashka yayingabantu 490. Bonke baye liphuhlise zeefoni efihlakeleyo, izixhobo ezitsha kuba khowudi ulwazi, njalo njalo. D. Abanye abasebenzi ndandikhonza isigwebo entolongweni oososayensi kunye nabasunguli.

academician

Ngowe-1953, enye ingcali yenzululwazi waba academician of the Academy of Sciences USSR. Ukuba nabani na phakathi neengcali kwi khowudi zonxibelelwano efanelwe le isihloko, kwaba ngokuqinisekileyo Kotelnikov Vladimir. Iifoto kunye neemodeli iintlondi zakhe ngoku kwiimyuziyam ezininzi, ingcaciso kabani malinikelwe kulo mbandela. Academician eya ilebhu, ukudala izixhobo ze-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoKhuselo kunye iKGB. Ukongeza, koko wabubhekisa iKhomishoni, iliso kumgangatho izinto ezintsha kwezinye iinjineli.

Ngowe-1950-60 Vladimir Kotelnikov iba umqalisi kunye yashukumisa izixhobo ezifana "Liana" "Lily", "Diamond", "North-M", "iNtonga", "Lotus-B", njalo njalo. D. ukususela ngo-1954 ukuya 1988. Academician waye umlawuli we-Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Academy of Sciences USSR.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, nangona ubudala yayo ihloniphekile, waqhubeka wakhe Kotelnikov Vladimir esebenzayo. Umhla wokuzalwa (Septemba 6, 1908) kunye ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ilizwe akubanga ithuba lokuba ayeke kwaye uphumle phezu umxakatho yethu.

Ngowe-1992, Russian Academy of zokufihlakeleyoComment yenziwe ngenxa Academician. Ngowe-2003, Vladimir Kotelnikov wawongwa Order "Kuba Iinkonzo iLizwe loobawo» I isidanga. I Isazinzulu bayifumana iminyaka yakhe emininzi yomsebenzi kunye negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lenzululwazi eSoviet kunye Russian. Academician wafa ngoFebruwari 11, 2005. Ke wangcwatyelwa Kuntsevo Amangcwaba eMoscow.