Owaseka karhulumente Polish. Ukwenziwa karhulumente Polish

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane IX-mbali ayaziwa, ogama emva ngokuma wohlobo, ingxelo amaqela Slavic wesizwe abahlala ngasechwebeni i Vistula umlambo, i Warta kunye oder, kwaye ibandakanyeka kwilizwe ithafa elikhulu kuMbindi Yurophu. Ekuqaleni idla izizwe Slavic kwi imithombo wasentshona ukuba igama lechites kamva njengoko zazibizwa glades, isihloko kwesinye sezizwe kakhulu; yaphuma ngunozala karhulumente Polish Mieszko I.

okhokho

nezizwe ngabanye lechites yayilawulwa abathetheli imbali abamagama iye engafakwanga. mbali Modern azi umyalezo omnye kuphela, nto leyo onxulumene Tari_pedigree ye wakubaphathi glades esizweni. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba siganga ngothotho imisebenzi ngempumelelo zomkhosi kunye nezizwe ezingabamelwane subordinating ngokwabo, bakhetha kkuba ukusuka kwimemori amagama obaboyisiwe nabaphathi bawo, nokugcina izithethe zabo kwimbali. In umkhumbuzi ngenkulungwane XII Gallus Anonymus wabhala ntsomi ngomlomo endle abalawuli, ekubeni yeziKronike ephakathi. Ngokutsho engaziwa, alawule Gniezno Duke Popiel, lowo Ndigxothiwe. Yena indawo yi Semov abangazange babambe iwonga ophezulu entlalweni, kwaye wayengunyana Umlimi elula Piast. Semov laqalisa Pyastovichey ubukhosi, nabanegunya kwi nokomelezwa Gniezno. Yiyo le nkosana, neendlalifa zakhe, Lestko Semomysl waza waba iminyanya Mieszko I.

ngumba

Kungenzeka, Mieszko of ngaba amandla alo akayi ukusuka ekuqaleni. Qiniseka ukuba imbali karhulumente Polish baqalisa kudala ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwenene, kwaye wayesakuba ubukhosi njengenkosana sele kuthathwe amanyathelo elibonakalayo ndawonye namandla. Mieszko ookhokho Ndiya saqhotyoshelwa ilizwe ilifa kwiinkalo izizwe ezingabamelwane kuvyan, mazovshan, lendzyan. Kule ezinabantu kwakhiwa iinqaba - Grod. Kwamanye amazwe Grod zibekwe kumgama 20-25 km ukusuka omnye komnye, oko kukuthi, ngexesha iqela ukulwa wosuku. umkhosi olomeleleyo kunye nolawulo esembindini baba nqobo zokugweba xa ukwanda kunye nokomelezwa yasendle amandla. Kodwa iindawo ezinkulu, imigxobhozo kunye namahlathi ivaleke jungle wavumela izizwe oyisa ukugcina ukuzimela omkhulu. Abahlaseli akazange ukutshintsha indlela yobomi yathinjwa zezizwe, kunye neerhafu zoluntu obekwe abalimi, lowo eziqokelelwe abakhonzi yenene. Ngenxa yoko, umseki karhulumente Polish waba abanamatyala kangakanani ababengaphambi kwakhe, ngubani na kwinkulungwane ezimbini ezidlulileyo wadala inkqubo yolawulo.

Ukuqala kobukumkani

Mieszko wayengunyana Semomysla, Igama likanina ayaziwa. Ukuqala kobukumkani malunga 960, xa umseki elizayo karhulumente Polish waqalisa ukulawula xa seLizwe Greater Poland kumbindi Gniezno. kweminyaka elishumi kamva, yena phantse kabini indawo umhlaba ophantsi kolawulo lwalo, annexing ummandla Mazovia, Kujawy Pomerania kunye Gdansk. ngonyaka 982 yaba umhla ngokoyisa eSilesia, kunye 990 g vislyanskie eqhotyoshelweyo ukuvula. Izibonda ukoyisa waqala ukuthatha imvelo esisongela. Xa imithombo Western Arabhu, kwakukho iingxelo enamandla likarhulumente Slavic nge amandla esomeleleyo umkhosi baqeqeshwe kakuhle. Ngoko ke, loo nto ixela ukuba urhulumente Polish lasekwa ngenkulungwane X, xa yonaniso Polish inokukhuliswa kakhulu Wazomeleza uSirayeli, yaye isikhulu kunye nabantu bakhe baba ngamaKristu.

Ukwamkelwa of Christianity

Ngaphandle ukwamkelwa ubuKristu Mieszko of I ngowe-966 bekuya kuba nzima ukuyilwa karhulumente Polish. nkqubo ethe amazwe ka Prince kwakhokelela ekubeni kube kunye namazwe angabamelwane. UMlawuli Otto I parried lilinge ukoyisa clearings ilizwe lyubushan kunye Mieszko I ndavuma ukuba ndothulele umnqwazi kule kwirhuluneli. Ngelo xesha linye umthetheli iphuhlise ubudlelwane Polish-Czech. Ukuqinisa ubudlelwane kunye ubukumkani Czech, Mieszko watshata intombi ka uKumkani Bohemia, Princess Dubravka. abamelwane ezimbini enamandla - oyiNgcwele bamaRoma kunye Czech Republic, inkosana kukhokelele isigqibo ukuguqula ku ubuKristu. Ubhaptizo isiko yesiLatini Prince Mieszko wathabatha ngo-966 Umwana ubuKristu eyakhokelela ekubeni urhulumente yokuqala Polish nokwazeka yi bexesha lakhe kwinqanaba yaseYurophu.

Indlela urhulumente Polish

Ngelo isanda kaRhulumente Polish-Lithuanian ahlala kwindawo nama-250 macala onke. M. km. Okunye kanye oko akunakwenzeka, ekubeni imida yamazwe elalisandul 'ukusekwa atshintsha rhoqo. Inkoliso yabantu inxaxheba kwezolimo. Inani labemi kakhulu luninzi lwaluquka umaleko Kmet kumafama simahla. Kmet bahlala kwintsapho enkulu, kunye noluntu ekuhlaleni. Emva kokuba ubunye zobuzwe phakathi koluntu basindileyo, yaye ezaye zakhokelela iyantlukwano yolawulo kumazwe Polish, yaye kamva ukwamkelwa ubuKristu lo mgaqo walala kwisahlulo mmandla ibe dioceses.

division zokuphatha

Icandelo lolawulo incinane inkundla District Grodsky. Waye phantsi kolawulo abameli Prince, ngubani na amagunya ezipheleleyo zolawulo, yomkhosi eyenkundla. Ifudusiwe wakukhankanya kwamaziko ezinjalo ezine kwisixeko Gniezno, Poznan, Geche kunye Wloclawek. Oku kulapho zomkhosi uqeqesho ikhaka ngabathwali-kunye namadoda iingalo, ezibe esiyintsika yomkhosi Polish. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, amajoni ukuya nokubuya bonke abalimi free. Ngokutsho kwezikhali zalo emkhosini kwezi abantu wanika indlela eya amasoldati enesihlwele esinzima njengenkosana, kodwa isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwi ukuhlola kunye yabanqolobi nokuhlaselwa. Ababhali-mbali baqikelela ukuba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XI, inani elipheleleyo ngamatutu I Mieszko obephethe-20 amawaka. Man.

Uqoqosho of Poland yamandulo

Okubhalwe enempi enkulu nangokufanelekileyo kwakufuna cash flow ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuziphendulela eli lizwe kunye nokugcina emasimini wathinjwa Prince Mieszko I kudale izixhobo iimeko yezemali, leyo useleganelwe ekuqokeleleni kunye nokusasazwa kwerhafu. I yerhafu kuhlawulwa lonke uluntu lwasemaphandleni lizwe ngohlobo iimveliso ukufuywa kwezilwanyana kunye nezolimo. Enye inkcitho-mali iye yaba ukwabiwa "magugu" - ezahlukeneyo amalungelo kumacandelo inzuzo ikakhulukazi yemisebenzi yoqoqosho. Ngezomkhosi baba: ayenza, zemigodi iyunithi amatye anqabileyo iimarike kunye neendawo zokulala, ezinye iindidi ukuzingela. Izinto eziphambili kwamanye amazwe kwakukho oboya, evuthiweyo kunye namakhoboka. Kodwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XI, uphuhliso ulimo ukuba zifuna wokufika rhoqo yabasebenzi, kunye nempembelelo nokukhula ibandla lithintela nokurhweba ngabantu. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba ikhoboka Uyekile ukwenza XI isiqalelo kumazwe, yaye ekugqibeleni wayeka ngokupheleleyo.

Isiphelo wolawulo Mieszko mina

Njengoko kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ilungelo itrone njengenkosana badlula. Nakuba kunjalo, ilungelo yobuzibulo ayizange wanamathela kummandla Polish, baba rhoqo kuba ngasolinye phakathi contenders kangangoko etroneni. Owasungula le karhulumente Polish waba bazalwana ababini, omnye kubo wabulawa emfazweni, yaye okwesibini, Chtibor, yabamba isithuba esiphezulu. Ukubhubha, Mieszko ndemka inxalenye ngurhulumente ezandleni unyana wamazibulo ka Boleslav. Lo nyana waya ezantsi imbali Boleslav Hrabry. , Yasungulwa ilifa uyise yena, esisityebi, lizwe kunye nempembelelo enkulu ngamazwe. Kwaye emva kokuba uthotho elide zoloyiso kunye ukoyiswa, Boleslav Hrabry waba ngukumkani yokuqala karhulumente Polish.