Nokukhululwa eYurophu ukusuka Fascism. ukuze kukhululwe Imisebenzi yaseYurophu

Babuza ngo 1933 kunye iqela lakhe ukuba amandla eJamani, Adolf Hitler bazitshitshisela iSivumelwano izithintelo Versailles, ngenkani ebuyiselweyo, efakwe ngokukhawuleza ngobuninzi izixhobo kunye nokusasazwa imikhosi exhobileyo. Ngelo xesha linye ilizwe kuye wadala inkqubo enamandla ingcinezelo ye bekhalazela kwezithandani le anezikrokro kwaye zisasazwa yokuduma le ekhethekile yesizwe eJamani, unikeza olu gqatso liphezulu Aryan kunye nemfuneko ngaphantsi kwezinye iintlanga azoba inzala uSiegfried. labantu German limenza ingcamango yokuba ukubambelela kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho nemimandla kwabanye uya isithuba ephilileyo eziyimfuneko kunye nezibonelelo uphuhliso Germany kunye nokuphuculwa ngokukhawuleza kwi ukuphila kwabo bonke German.

Ukudala isiseko eziphathekayo yembono ugonyamelo, uHitler iqalise imfazwe elitsha ihlabathi, bathimba phantse lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphandle yamazwe satellite yayo, namahlakani kunye namazwe cala (Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal, livelana amaNazi, iCodex). Wathinjwa nesiqingatha inxalenye yaseYurophu ye-USSR. AmaJamani wabalekiselwa eCaucasus, kuMbindi Mpuma nangaphaya, eIndiya.

Ukanti Amanyeneyo, kunye negalelo awalithabathayo ilahleko kakhulu waseUSSR ponosshego, bakwazi ukuba baphinde bakuthembe imfazwe waba uloyiso olukhulu, isikhumbuzo-70 elisandula umhlaba wonke. Nokukhululwa Europe elisecaleni Allied kwangaphambili ukusuka empuma nasentshona, ngenkxaso labemi, ngamanye kula mazwe, imikhosi anti-zwilakhe kwaye kwakhona indawo yayo elibusayo lizwe babe inkululeko yabo. Nangona kunjalo, le yokugqibela kwaba yimpumelelo phantsi kwempembelelo lohlaselo ngempumelelo anti-uHitler womanyano. Amagqabantshintshi iziganeko ezingqonge nokukhululwa Europe, ishwakathelwe apha ngezantsi.

Kwimfazwe e-West ngaphambi kokuvulwa Front Second

Ngemihla-Oktobha 1942, amajoni British of Marshal Montgomery kwi Idabi El Alamein oyisa eliCebisayo Italo-German babenyuka eCairo kunye Suez Canal. Kwelinye icala North Afrika (Algeria kunye Morocco) lawela nabaphumi-American Jikelele Eisenhower, umongameli elizayo le-USA. Ngokucinezela kumacala omabini amabutho Italian kunye nesiJamani, Amanyeneyo wazidiba ku Tunisia, apho ulwandle licinezelwe amajoni Axis kwanyanzeleka ukuba anikezele. Esi siganeko senzeke ngo-1943, ngomhla we-13 Meyi.

Olu loyiso wavumela imikhosi exhobileyo Anglo-American ngoJulayi 1943 ukuba luzizi esasiseSisili. Kwelinye icala, eSisili akazange ayeke, kunye nabaphumi-anti-uHitler manyano yaqhubeka ngokuhlaselwa eItali, awela Gulf of Messina kuwela ngqo kwi Apennine lizwe. Oku kwabangela lunengxaki Fascism Italian, kunye nokuphelisa inkokeli ye Blackshirts lisisiqalo imibala uMussolini kuzo zonke izithuba, kulandele kokubanjwa kwakhe. Urhulumente omtsha Italy zihlasele iJamani, kodwa kwiindawo ezisemantla kunye ngundoqo zwe phantsi umsebenzi waseJamani.

Amalungiselelo yokuvulwa ngaphambili omtsha kumlo ochasene eJamani, inkxaso izinto of Great Britain ne eSoviet Union, ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke imeko kwi Atlantic. IsiJamani "pack Ingcuka" ye ngwenya, moya, neenqanawa umphezulu inomzimba-sabaphangi exhaswa iinqanawa ezinkulu waqhuba empi ukuphazamisa convoys namahlakani Atlantic ecaleni ekusombululeni ingxaki marine deblokady Germany indlela. Kodwa imikhosi enamandla ka moya i-US kunye UK fleet ngo-1943 ukuba ukuthetha malunga ekujikeni ezayo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1942, i-amabutho aselwandle kunye moya zabo zatshatyalaliswa amakhulu amabini ii nkwili Doenitz Admiral. BaseJamani phantse yaphela ukuhlaselwa convoys kunye zandizingela neenqanawa olunye okanye usele otbivshimisya kwabanye.

Ukuqala kwinkululeko Europe amajoni Soviet kunye namahlakani alo phezu Eastern Front

Ngo-1944, bashiya ngasemva kwidabi, eyaba Ngokwakaloku ebalulekileyo endleleni yabantu bethu nakwihlabathi ukuba usindiso olukhulu. NgoJanuwari ngemihla kunyaka ongamphambi kokugqibela koKuhlala zemfazwe laqalisa uthotho lwemisebenzi qhinga ekhubekisayo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni inkululeko epheleleyo komhlaba German-ongenzi eSoviet ukufikelela kumda kukarhulumente. Ekuqaleni kuqhutyelwa sikhokelo ekuqiqeni yamajoni imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo kwisikali ngaphambili kamva kuzo phaya kuhlalutyo, zib ngokusengqiqweni kulo iphulo jikelele 1944. Enyanisweni, ngowe-1944, i-Patriotic IMfazwe Enkulu, ukukhululwa Europe abendlu yiSoviet ziye zadityaniswa ibe yinkqubo eyodwa. Ukuze ukunika kuyondelelwano kunye umfanekiso banzi zeziganeko kuloo nyaka kwi-Eastern Front, kubalulekile ukuba uzinikele zonke data kwi itafile:

Ten imivimbo 1944

№№ nn	imisebenzi	ixesha	ukubandakanya imibutho	Isiphumo azuzwe
okokuqala	Leningrad-Novgorod	14,01 - 1,03	kwasenkundleni: Leningrad, Volkhov, Baltic, Fleet: The Baltic	Le kokoyiswa wemikhosi iqela le "North", ezele iLeningrad deblokady, ukukhutshwa kwiNgingqi Leningrad
2nd	Dnieper-zeCarpath	24/12/1943 - 17/04/1944	kwasenkundleni: 1, 2, 3 no 4 Ukrainian	Ukukhululwa Ilungelo-Bank Ukraine
3rd	Odessa ------------------ iCrimea	1944	3rd Ukrainian Front ------------------ 4 Front Ukrainian Sea Black fleet	Ukukhululwa Odessa kunye Crimea, imikhosi ngokungenalusini karhulumente uphoseke elwandle
4	Vyborg-Petrozavodsk	1944 (Summer)	kwasenkundleni: Leningrad, Karelian	inkululeko of Karelia
5	"Operation Bagration" (Belarus)	23,06 - 28,07	kwasenkundleni: 1, 2 kunye 3rd Belarus, 1st Baltic	Liberation of Belarus, uninzi Poland ukufikelela kwi Vistula kunye inxalenye enkulu ka Lithuania, ufikelelo kwimida Germany
Second	ELvov-Sandomierz	13,07 - 2,08	kwasenkundleni: I-1 no-4 Ukrainian	Liberation of Western Ukraine, ekudibaneni Vistula, ukwakheka Sandomierz bridgehead
7	Iasi-Kishinev ------------------ Isi-Romanian	August ------------ 30,08 - 3.10	kwasenkundleni: 2 and 3 Ukrainian ----------------- 2nd Ukrainian	Nokukhululwa Moldova, Le ekupheleni kwemfazwe, Romania, Romania isaziso imfazwe nxamnye eJamani iHungary, evula indlela eya Hungary, kokugqitywa imfazwe, Bulgaria zihlasele iJamani, ukuphucula iimeko uncedo ukuya kuzinze yesiYugoslav
8	Baltic	14,09 - 24,11	kwasenkundleni: 1, 2 kunye 3rd Baltic fleet: Baltic	Nokukhululwa Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia Ukurhoxa waloo mfazwe Finland kunye isibhengezo impi yayo ku Germany
9	East zeCarpath ------------------ Belgrade	8,09 - 28,10 ---------------- 28,09 - 20.10	kwasenkundleni: 1st and 4 Ukrainian ---------------- ,, Iindawo Soviet yesiYugoslav Slovak nezixandileyo	Liberation yeYugoslavia kunye noncedo kwi-Slovak ukuvukela Wehrmacht
10	Petsamo-Kirkenes	7.10 - 29.10 ngo October	kwasenkundleni: Karelian	Uxolelwa wax German emantla Finland kunye Norway

imisebenzi Military eYurophu (Centre South-East)

Engena kwimida USSR kunye qhubela eentloko ezaxhobela kwi kummandla kwamanye amazwe yaba isizathu kwingxelo urhulumente waseSoviet. Olu xwebhu iqaphele imfuneko ukoyiswa yokugqibela imikhosi German zwilakhe exhobileyo kunye nesiqinisekiso sokuba eSoviet Union akanayo izicwangciso ukutshintsha inkqubo yezopolitiko kula mazwe kunye nokuhluthwa ingqibelelo yabo indawo.

Noko ke, iSoviet Union inkxaso imikhosi yakhe abanyanisekileyo ngokuphandle, ingakumbi amaKomanisi kunye namahlakani abo basondeleyo. Xa kwezopolitiko ubunkokheli eSoviet kufunwe oorhulumente Great Britain kunye United States ingqalelo iimfuno zabo kwiindawo enkulu eYurophu. Ukukhula elibonakalayo eSoviet Union kunye Stalin, ubukho Red Army kwintsimi zabo kwanyanzeleka Churchill kunye Roosevelt ukuqonda KwiiBalkans (kungabandakanywa Greece) kwisigaba yiSoviet yempembelelo. E Poland, eSoviet Union wenze ukudalwa korhulumente sinyanisekile eMoscow, njengoko kuchasene kuRhulumente emigre Polish eLondon.

inkululeko eYurophu amabutho yiSoviet kwenzeka wayesebenzisana iintshukumo yabanqolobi kunye semkhosini kwamanye amazwe. Umkhosi Polish, umkhosi yesiYugoslav phantsi kobunkokheli Iosifa Broz Tito, i Czechoslovak Corps Ludwig Svoboda, abavukeli IsiSlovak yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ngumzabalazo wenkululeko eMpuma Yurophu.

Ngowe-1944, 23 Agasti, kwi Romania yasebukhosini kwakukho ubhedu d'AFP ngokuchasene nentsukaphi ekhoyo iyelenqe anti-zwilakhe kunye base ezopolitiko ebanzi - ukusuka amaKomanisi ukuya monarchists. Ngenxa yesi siganeko, Romania naye waba anti-zwilakhe, yaqala ukulwa eJamani iHungary.

Ngomhla wama-31 Agasti, iBucharest kwakukho nabaphumi-Red Army, yaye le nto ndiyibhalayo iinxalenye wajoyina isiRomania. Esi sizathu sokuba ibhaso le ngesiRomania ukumkani mihai uMyalelo yiSoviet koyisa, lo gama eRomania kwaye bathatha inxaxheba uchuku lwamaNazi nxamnye eSoviet Union. Ngokukodwa, imikhosi isiRomania ahlala Odessa kunye ingloriously eya empini Stalingrad.

EBulgaria, ekubeni njengehlakani Reich wala ukuthumela amajoni ukuya phambili osempuma, uKumkani Boris (ubuzwe isiJamani) uHitler wathi ukuba Bulgarians akayi ukulwa Russian, sibakhulule kwidyokhwe Ottoman. Bulgaria azithethi wathi imfazwe, waseUSSR, ndadibana yinxalenye yommandla yayo yaba amajoni efakwe kwi phambili amalaphu anomyalezo Red Army nomculo festive. Emva mdibi ka Septemba 9 ukuya ngamandla kweli lizwe weza kurhulumente wamaKomanisi, zihlasele iJamani.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, Finland uye ingakhutshwa kuphela imfazwe. Ngomhla ka September 19, 1944 urhulumente wayo asayina ukuxolelana kunye eSoviet Union kwi kwemiqathango nabazukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

I-Slovak kwango kazwelonke abaxhobileyo

Eli phepha kakhulu yobugorha lomzabalazo hlanga Slovak has indawo ekhethekileyo kwimbali inkululeko of Europe.

ESlovakia phambi kokuba imfazwe, kangangexesha elide emva kwemfazwe yaba yinxalenye yeCzechoslovakia. UHitler ahlala ukuzimela Czech Republic, Slovakia ngokusesikweni elinikezelwe, enyanisweni, siwenze ube satellite. Slovak wathuma ukuya phambili osempuma, kodwa ngenxa yokuba unreliability yabo (Slavic uluntu kunye Russian, Ukraine, Belarusians Slovaks kwabangela imvakalelo novelwano kubo bonke abantu Soviet), ke iqheleke kakhulu asetyenziswe ngasemva amaJamani yokukhuselwa zonxibelelwano kunye ukulwa luqalile. Kodwa oku kwakhokelela ezininzi zinakho Slovaks kula manqanaba ezi kuzinze Soviet. Ngomhla kummandla Slovakia ukuphuhlisa kunye nentshukumo shirilos yabanqolobi.

Ekupheleni kwale ezishushu izivamvo yokoqobo yokomfuziselo kwehlobo ka-1944 kwavuka odumileyo Agasti Slovak anti-zwilakhe qhankqalazo. Ukunceda abantu ngabavukeli bafudukela imikhosi wamisa njengenxalenye Front 1 Ukrainian. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho 1st Czechoslovak Army lweSizwe. Le compound yawiselwa umthetho Jikelele Ludvik Svoboda, owaba ngo-1968 umongameli yeCzechoslovakia. October 6, ngenxa yokulwa nzima kwiiNtaba zeCarpath (i Dukla Pass) ilwa abakhululi bangena kummandla eSlovakia. Nangona kunjalo, lo yokulwa wegazi, kukrakra eyaqhubeka de kube sekupheleni kuka-Oktobha, akazange kukhokelela ngqo kwinjongo - umkhosi Soviet ayiphumelelanga ukoyisa i Carpathians nokuxhuma nabavukeli. Inxalenye enkulu umphakathi kunye luqalile waya ezintabeni, nokuqhubekeka umlo ngokuthabatha inxaxheba kwinkululeko yokupasa iinxalenye yelizwe phambili Red Army. Ngomhla inxalenye eSoviet Union, baye bancedwa zombini zabantu iingalo kunye emthethweni. Ukutshintshelwa moya kwenziwa.

Ukulwa e Hungary, Austria kunye kwinqanaba lokuqala edabini for East Prussia

-Logic ngokulandelelana ukulwa kwaye kwakhokelela ekubeni ally esinzulu kuphela uHitler kwingingqi ngo-Oktobha 1944 wahlala iHungary, nangona yena wazama ukuba lirhoxe kule mfazwe. Umlawuli Horthy wabanjwa yi amaJamani kwaye Hungarians kwafuneka ukuba balwe kude kube sekupheleni. izimpi abaziingwanyalala for Budapest akazange avumele imikhosi Soviet ukuba niwuhluthe ngeenzame lokuqala. Kuphela ixesha wesithathu eyafunyanwa ngayo impumelelo, yaye ngoFebruwari 13, 1945 ikomkhulu Hungarian bawa. Ngexesha efanayo ngoFebruwari yaphela ekubulaleni Budapest kudweliswe imikhosi yaseJamani.

Ngo-Epreli, kwakukho Balaton idabi, xa imikhosi ngokungenalusini karhulumente sahlasela komsindo nxamnye oluBomvu Army, kodwa iiyunithi Soviet yaye bakwazi ukuma angoyiswa utshaba. Emva koko, ngo-Apreli, imikhosi eSoviet wakhulula eVienna, ikomkhulu Austria, waza wathabatha ilifa Königsberg e East Prussia.

Sama East Prussia yaba indawo ukuzithethelela esiluqilima ubunzulu ezinqatyisiweyo oluthe kwezakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente. umbutho kusengaphambili Izikim Uyalwa kuba umzi ngamnye kuquka ubukho iindlela okufuna zokuhlala. Ukukhuselwa mkhosi phambili baba baninzi inqaba, imisele, pillboxes, komhlaba, imigodi neengcingo ezihlabayo. Izakhiwo phakathi komzi nabo baba iiyunithi yokhuselo kunye nenkqubo ngomlilo multilayer.

Nemikhosi kodwa zimphathe besive amanye amabini Belorussian (2nd kunye 3rd) yaqala phakathi kukaJanuwari, esitsha, 1945. Kwiinyanga ezintathu imikhosi Soviet ukusilwa le kudweliswe iiyunithi Wehrmacht kunye SS. Ngelo xesha linye amajoni Red Army, ukususela zangasese ukuya iinjengele, ubunzima ilahleko enzima. Omnye wabo-Aprili 18 ukufa isiqwengana kotshaba Shell Army General I. D. Chernyahovskogo, injengele Front 3 Belorussian.

Kodwa ukuba kunjalo, kuya, inkalipho ubuqhawe, exhaswa abanolwazi ngomlilo zokudubula zafumba (kwidabi eMpumalanga Prussia 5 amawaka. Pieces of zokudubula yasetyenziswa, kuquka howitzers ukuvuleka 203 mm-and-mm 305 inxalenye RGC) kunye inkxaso eyama zikhokelele emuva kummandla kwikomkhulu waseJamani, umzi-inqaba Königsberg. Isiphango of esiludumbo kakhulu ebalulekileyo enobuqhinga yaqhutywa Defense Nazi Germany ukususela ngowe-7 ukuya kwele-9 Epreli 1945. Amashumi amawaka amajoni aseJamani babulawa kwaye zafakwa malunga ne-100 lamawaka..

Warsaw kwango

Ethetha amaphepha umdla kabuhlungu wenkululeko oyindumasi eYurophu, nangoku ebangela impikiswano ezahlukeneyo amanani kwezopolitiko kunye noluntu, oosonzululwazi, ababhali-mbali kunye namagqwetha bezicatshulwa ezahlukeneyo calibers. Ngoko ke, siza kuqwalasela le mvukelo exhobileyo 1944 kwikomkhulu Polish phantsi kwephiko London emigre karhulumente.

Ebudeni beminyaka ye yamaNazi of Poland ezilahlekileyo kwezigidi ezithandathu abemi balo kubantu bebonke abantu nezigidi ezingama-35. Lo msebenzi uhulumeni kakhulu, oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela mandundu imikhosi ukumelana Polish. Kodwa bona mixed. Ngoko ke, njengoko sisebenza kweli lizwe kunobukhulu Ekhaya Army subordinated kwi London Polish urhulumente-in-ekuthinjweni. Emva kokuba bangene kummandla Poland, imikhosi yeSoviet edale urhulumente pro-wamaKomanisi - Committee of National Liberation. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, amaqela abaxhobileyo ukulwa yaBantu Army. Sisondela Warsaw Red Army neeyunithi Wezomkhosi Ludovit bekuza kukhokelela le komiti ukuba amandla kwintsimi lonke Polish. Ukuthintela oku, urhulumente elubhacweni eLondon kunye neeyunithi Ekhaya Army wathabatha izigqibo ngokuzimeleyo akhulule Warsaw kwaye ngaphandle kokuba elungiselela nende waphakamisa apho wombhodamo exhobileyo. Kwathi Agasti 1. Kwaba khona ngabahlali ezininzi kwekomkhulu Poland. Kodwa ke iinkokheli eSoviet kakubi ningabagwebanga isenzo, embiza ngokuba gembula. Ngokutsho kwezinye abahlalutyi, eSoviet Union wala ukuxhasa abo bavukeli kunye iingalo nezikhali, ngokutsho kwabanye, i-Red Army akazange akwazi ukunika inkxaso efunekayo. Noko ke, kukho izinto ezimbini - September 13 amajoni eSoviet zafikelela elunxwemeni Vistula e Warsaw, kwaye kokufa bavukeli kwisigaba sokugqibela kwimvukelo kwenzeka enyanisweni phambi kwabo. Enye into - ngemihla yokugqibela abemi kwimvukelo uncedo of Warsaw amabutho yiSoviet, ngokwemiyalelo zobuqu kukaStalin kunjalo ezinikiweyo, nangona ngelo xesha sele ayilungiseki nto.

Baphulukene 18 lamawaka. Amajoni 200,000 Abafa ngabemi Warsaw, iinkokeli qhankqalazo bayishiya Oktobha 2, 1944. imikhosi Isijamani sisohlwayo waqalisa ngokutshatyalaliswa kwesixeko, abaninzi abahlali balo kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke.

Zalisa inkululeko of Poland

Ekuqaleni 1945, eSoviet Union waba noludumileyo ngobuchule kakhulu phezu utshaba, ancamisayo kuyo kangangesinqingatha inani lamajoni, izihlandlo ezithathu - inani amatanki nemipu self-ngokwaso, izihlandlo ezine - inani pieces zokudubula (imipu kunye mortars), amaxesha asibhozo - inani moya. Ngokwahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i-Eastern Front isetyenziswa iiyunithi umkhosi and Allied elipheleleyo labantu kwesiqingatha sesigidi. Xa umoya ingundoqo ukongama, imikhosi Soviet bakwazi ukukhetha ulwalathiso kunye nexesha yokothuka engundoqo, ajike offensives ngaxeshanye izimpi ezahlukeneyo iziza zabo. Oko wayenako ukulwa, ukubabulala utshaba nini yaye phi oko kwaba lula kunye nenzuzo.

Lohlaselo jikelele kwacetywa ngenxa-20 Januwari. Ngokulwa inxaxheba kumkhosi wonke esebenzayo kunye weenqanawa ezimbini.

Kodwa ke, njengoko kuchaziwe kweli nqaku, kwi-Western Front, ngoDisemba 1944, imikhosi kaHitler kwi Ardennes ngequbuliso wahlasela umkhosi Anglo-American aza abaphosela kwi-100 km umva. AmaMelika balahlekelwa-40 amawaka. Man. Churchill ngokwakhe ubhenele Stalin kunye nesicelo uncedo, isicelo sifunyenwe impendulo eyakhayo. Iimbumba Soviet, nangona uqeqesho uncompleted waqala January 12, 1945 kwaye enamandla kakhulu kwaye yande yonke imfazwe. Sagcina iintsuku 23. NgoFebruwari 3, inxalenye phambili oluBomvu Army weza elunxwemeni oder - yena yaba lilizwe waseJamani, apho ihlabathi wehla phezu Second World War. January 17 amajoni Soviet wangena Warsaw.

Vistula-oder operation, oluqhutywa yi umyalelo yiSoviet, bagqiba ukukhululwa Poland yaza yasinda ekulahlweni zezonakaliswa Ardennes nabaphumi Amanyeneyo Western, wadala iimeko aphume of Berlin kwaye iphele imfazwe e-Europe.

Nokukhululwa yeCzechoslovakia

Kwidabi ukuba elaliwumile kwizikhundla ezingundoqo eYurophu, eli lizwe waya phakathi ku-Apreli 1945. Bratislava, ikomkhulu eSlovakia, ukuba ukhululwe ngaphambili, ngomhla wesi-4 Apreli. A imikhosi-th 30 Soviet wayethabathe iziko elikhulu woshishino Moravská Ostrava.

5 Wanga ke abemi Prague lenyuka ukuya wombhodamo wezigalo owawusilwa efunwa. AmaNazi azama sigqibe mvukelo ngegazi, abazange bayeka nkqu umyalelo waseJamani esayiniweyo isixhobo iindlela zokunikezela nge 05/08/1945.

Le bavukeli Praguers wajika kunomathotholo ukuya Amanyeneyo uncedo. Basabela kulo umnxeba, umyalelo yiSoviet, uphosayo bebematsha Prague imikhosi ezimbini itanki le Front 3 Ukrainian. Ukwenza trohsotkilometrovy matshi, umkhosi iintsuku ezintathu, ngoMeyi 9, wangena ePrague. Xa olu hlaselo kunye nabanye imikhosi ye-1, 2 kunye fronts 4 Ukrainian, nto leyo eCzechoslovakia yakhululwa yamaNazi. Zalisa ukukhululwa kwabantu baseYurophu ukusuka Fascism.

Le phambi yesibini

Julayi 6, emva kokuba uqeqesho omkhulu kwi-West, waqalisa ayehlasela Allied Expeditionary Forces - intsebenziswano grand ukufika "uphethe". amabutho Anglo-American neeyunithi ye Free French, Polish, iiyunithi Czechoslovak afikelela 2 million 876 namawaka. Man ngenkxaso omkhulu we Navy and Air Force ziwela kumantla eFransi, ku eNormandy. Ngoko wagcina wavula phambi yesibini elide ilindelwe. Ngasemva, amaJamani wenza iiyunithi yabanqolobi kunye nemikhosi Resistance komhlaba ahlala amazwe aseYurophu. Olucwangcisiweyo lokuphosa entliziyweni eJamani. Roosevelt wayekholelwa ukuba Berlin kufuneka sithathe abaseMelika.

Ngexesha lohlaselo, kwafika imikhosi encedisayo uphakamo exhobileyo eFransi, Belgium kunye Denmark. The French and lithanda akhululwa ikomkhulu labo yi Allied Expeditionary Force iphumelele nokukhululwa kumazwe abo. Danes abangathathi ntweni - hayi wafumana uncedo, kwaye qhankqalazo ndicinezelwe bahlaseli.

nezigqibo zezopolitiko kunye qhinga namahlakani

Ngenxa yoko, ibetha esemqoka umda umxhelo kunye nobunzulu lohlaselo yiSoviet ngo-1944 kunye nasekuqaleni 1945 yaba isiphelo sobala ngokukhawuleza imfazwe kunye akunakuphepheka ukoyiswa lokugqibela umkhosi waseJamani. Ngoku lixesha lokuba namahlakani lanisa yonke imiba lohlaselo zakutshanje nxamnye eJamani ukuxoxa iingxaki yomyalelo yehlabathi kwemfazwe. Ukukhulisa elibonakalayo kweUSSR kunye nokunakana zonke namahlakani ngegalelo lakhe esinokuyifumana ngokoyiswa umhlaseli yabangela ukuba ukwamkela ngesiphakamiso yiSoviet Union ukubamba Yalta Conference Heads of Government of mazwe ezintathu eziphambili inxaxheba kwi anti-uHitler womanyano.

Kweli xesha 4 ukuya kowe-11 Februwari I. V. Stalin, F. D. Ruzvelt kunye Winston Churchill badibana kwi i Yalta Conference, nto leyo eye yaba kwindawo aphezulu amagunya intsebenziswano sokupheka kuye. Iinkokeli Western babeyazi ubuchule USSR ukuba ukugqiba umsebenzi kuphela uloyiso ukuba akhulule eYurophu. Mhlawumbi oku aze avunyelwe ukuba bafikelele kwisivumelwano yonke imiba.

Ngokwamanani zomkhosi, kuye imiba intsebenziswano kunye nomda yekhasi nomsebenzi zisonjululwe. Umba engundoqo yezopolitiko - ikamva eJamani - wasonjululwa ngengqiqo ukuba lizwe liya kuhlala ahoye, lwentando yesininzi, ukulwa, akakwazi lokumela isisongelo elizayo lonke uluntu.

Amagunya kwi umbuzo Polish ifikelele ukuvumelana. Poland wavula indlela yophuhliso ezimeleyo simahla kwi imida ngokwembali enobulungisa.

Kwagqitywa ukuseka i weZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye ngenjongo yokufezekisa nokuqondana, isivumelwano kunye nokuthintela ndlongo phakathi kwamazwe amabini kwihlabathi kwemfazwe.

Ke ekugqibeleni, kuba isiphelo yokuqala imfazwe kunye kwezithandani le yimpi weziko kwiMpuma Ekude kuye kwavunyelwana imiqathango USSR ajoyine i Allied imfazwe nxamnye eJapan.

Battle for eBerlin kwaye iphele imfazwe

April 16 aphawula ekuqaleni operation Berlin. Ngenxa iiveki ezimbini amadabi igazi elimsulwa phezu ngaphandle eBerlin (Seelow Heights) kwaye kwisixeko, apho ezitratweni zonke, yonke indlu enkulu wajika njengenqaba, amajoni ka Olubomvu Army yakwazi ukuthatha sisikhundla Fascism - i Reichstag zabe indwe obomvu phezu kwayo.

Ekugqibeleni, ngobusuku 8 ukuya kwi-9 Meyi e Karlshorst, kwidolophu elikomkhulu eJamani, onke amaqela bayisayinile isenzo uzinikele ngokungagungqiyo yonke imikhosi yaseJamani.

Kodwa le ngakumbi kwinkululeko eYurophu ukusuka Fascism ayizange iphele. Meyi 9 sele uthatha Berlin, amajoni iiyunithi nengxelo ye Front 1 Ukrainian, onceda ePrague eneenkani, komjikelo ngokukhawuleza bafudukela kwikomkhulu Czechoslovak, niphakamise iqela zwilakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iinzame yanto ukusindisa Isiphelo sakhe yaseXhora, baba iinxalenye na t. N. Army imbuka Vlasov, okanye ROA, eyeke ukuya Praguers.

Kwaye enye basivumela ngakumbi. Common phakathi kwezizwe jikelele ingozi kunye uthi kwixesha post-imfazwe ngcembe waqalisa yantlukwano phakathi kwabo. amalinge amaninzi ukuhlaziya kwisiphumo imfazwe akayeki kude kube ngoku. Nkqu Day Victory lubhiyozelwa ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo. amazwe amaninzi cinga komkhosi imini-8 Meyi, kwaye eSoviet Union, ngoku eRashiya, akwalikhumbula nempi enkulu anegazi ePrague ngowe-1945, babhiyozele uSuku Victory ngoMeyi 9. Ngelishwa, kubekho indlela namkhethe ukuba isicelo izizukulwana ezintsha amabali malunga nendlela ukukhululwa kwenzeka eYurophu ukususela Fascism.

isiphelo

kwenziwa inkululeko of Europe ukusuka Fascism Bulelani ukuba yobuqhawe super-eSoviet Union kunye namahlakani ayo, amabutho yenkcaso kwimimandla ngamaNazi. I-Second World War alukapheli, phambi yaba kokoyiswa Japan, kodwa uloyiso engundoqo sele iphumelele. lwaphuka wempi German ezinamandla boyisiwe.

Kodwa manyano kweentlanga kumzabalazo wokulwa Fascism ayikwazanga kusindiswa ngemva kwempi. Njengoko kwakunjalo kwixesha elizayo kunye nehlabathi, iYurophu yahlulwa zaba ngamaqela amabini, empuma nasentshona, longxowankulu yaye yobusoshiyali. bubahlulile elingakanani Germany ngokwayo. inkqubo epheleleyo yobusoshiyali sele yenziwe, ngoku kakhulu inokuzitshintsha, kodwa uyaqhubeka khona.

Nokukhululwa Europe, Second World War waba anegazi kakhulu. Izisulu Europe kwimfazwe yehlabathi yokugqibela liqikelelwa kwi abantu abazizigidi ezingama-40, kunye nezigidi ezi-2 kubo - abemi eNtshona Yurophu 7 yezigidi - abemi eJamani. abaseleyo Abantu 30 ezigidi abantu ngamaxhoba izizwe zeMpuma Yurophu kunye USSR.

Nakuba kunjalo, iziphumo eziphambili - ukukhululwa nabantu abavela kumakhamandela zwilakhe. Okwangoku, ingxaki nokoyika abantu ukuthintela impindezelo brown isibetho kwaye ukhumbule amava ukumanyanisa imikhosi saa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zingavisisani yezopolitiko kunye noluntu ukuba isisongelo ubunqolobi nokutshatyalaliswa inkcubeko kunye nempucuko. Inkululeko of Europe ngo-1945 luya kuba izinto ixesha elide uhlalutyo lwenzululwazi, emkhosini, ezopolitiko, lwembali yokuziphatha. Ukubaluleka kumava lo amaqhawe onamava namhlanje mkhulu kunangaphambili!