Yalta Conference: iziphumo Second World War nasemdeni ezintsha European

Yalta (eCrimea) iNkomfa, 4 ukuya -11 Februwari 1945 e Yalta Livadia Palace, waye yesibini intlanganiso neenkokeli beentlanga akwi elilwa-uHitler womanyano.

Imeko imiphambili zemfazwe ngelo xesha (Ekupheleni kobusika 1945) ekhulisa kakuhle kakhulu kumazwe olwa-Hitler womanyano. amanyathelo Military liyagungqa kwintsimi waseJamani, imikhosi encedisayo kokufika eNormandy wavula ebizwa ngokuba "ngaphambili wesibini." I Army kunye US Navy ilawulwa phantse ngokupheleleyo Pacific Ocean. Isiphumo imfazwe lonke ecacileyo, lokoyiswa yaseJamani yaba ekufanele bayifumane. Kodwa US, UK kunye USSR babehlangene kuphela imfazwe eJamani, umgaqo-nkqubo yelizwe langaphandle beneenjongo iphambene elichasayo, ngoko ke ihlabathi post-imfazwe, ziyahlelwa wamoyisa eJamani, nemigaqo emitsha ezopolitiko ngamazwe ke kuyimfuneko ukuba nivane phambi kokuphela kwempi yaye phambi kokuba kwenziwe isivumelwano soxolo. INkomfa Yalta yimfuneko ke kwanokuba kuqulunqwe umgaqo-nkqubo foreign position eqhelekileyo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuze ukusombulula iingxaki ezingundoqo namahlakani phantse akazange ndikuchithachithe, kodwa iinkcukacha ezithile yaye yabangela impikiswano enkulu. Ngoko ke, Winston Churchill, I. V. Stalin kunye Roosevelt ngokukhawuleza bafika kwisivumelwano mandatory ulwahlulo post-imfazwe eJamani, kodwa iinkcukacha zale nkqubo, imida ngqo, yekhasi yempembelelo zaye azicaciswanga.

inkomfa Yalta kwakhona izakutshintsha kwaye izinga nempembelelo post-imfazwe eYurophu (kwemiqathango - Soviet kunye Western). Kuye kwavunyelwana ukuba amazwe aseMpuma Yurophu (Bulgaria, eCzechoslovakia, Hungary kunye namanye amazwe kamva "inkampu bobusoshiyali") uya kungena kwindawo izilangazelelo USSR. Kwelinye icala, Italy, Greece kunye namanye amazwe akumazantsi kwaye central Europe iya kuhlala phantsi kwempembelelo aseBritani Melika.

impikiswano enkulu aduma kwinkomfa ngokunxulumene bayahlelwa post-imfazwe Poland. Stalin baphikelela kwimida Poland kaThixo eziqingqiweyo "Curzon Line" (ngokutsho isivumelwano ngo-1920). Kodwa kukho ePoland, urhulumente wesizwe ungayamkeli umda ukuba wadala ubunzima ezingxoxweni. Yaqhubeka ayicacanga, kwaye bayahlelwa eLvov: Ngokutsho Churchill kunye Roosevelt, eSoviet Union sanyanzeleka ukuba lokutshintshela umzi phantsi kolawulo Polish. Yalta inkomfa ngo-1945 isisombululo ngqo akwazi ukucacisa kwimida post-imfazwe Poland. iintloko anti-uHitler angalawuliyo kwagqitywa ekubeni izibonelelo ezivela eJamani. Baye ezazifanele ukuba zibe-20 ezigidi zeerandi, ndinesinye isiqingatha mali yayifuneka ukuze ndifuma- eSoviet Union.

Ngelo xesha zeKomfa Yalta, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwi imfazwe nxamnye eJapan. Uhlaselo Japan wayeza kuqhubeka emva malunga neenyanga ezimbini emva kokugqitywa noloyiso imfazwe e-Europe.

Conference Yalta amkele ngummiselo entsha kunye nemithetho elizayo yezopolitiko ngamazwe imibutho (UN). Enye indlela imiyalelo ezinkulu elizayo leZizwe eziManyeneyo bekuxela ngokutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo yobukoloniyali ehlabathini.

Yalta Conference, iziphumo ziye zaba nempembelelo enkulu kubume kwemfazwe yehlabathi lilonke - ngokukodwa - on bayahlelwa kwemfazwe Europe, yaba kwintlanganiso yokugqibela neenkokeli anti-uHitler zokusebenzisana yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Isgqibo okwethutyana, owasusa umahluko inxenye elibukhali yembono phakathi kwamazwe Western kunye eSoviet Union yaphela ngaxeshanye ngoloyiso phezu utshaba lunamandla eqhelekileyo - Nazi Germany. Ababesakuba sizana, ngelishwa, kwakhona yaba ziintshaba.