Ngubani na Boris Godunov? Biography of Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov

abantu Modern ngenkankulu ukuba ubunzima lo mbuzo, "Ngubani na Boris Godunov?". Too eyaziwa kakuhle igama layo kunye nendawo ahlala kuthotho kwezinye autocrats Russian. Kodwa loo nto siqu sinalento odlamkileyo zembali kudla impikiswano. Yokunika imbeko ingqondo yoluntu kunye nomgca kwezopolitiko, nto leyo iminyaka emakhulu landulelwe utshintsho uPetros Mna, oko kudla otyholwa aphiwe amandla kunye ntsana. Ubuntu Boris Godunov na ingxoxo kangangeenkulungwane yokugqibela eziliqela.

Indlela eya amandla

Ngokutsho legend, ozelwe Godunov evela kwenye iinkosana ezininzi Tatar, ngexesha Ivana Kality wahlala eMoscow waba Grand Duke ngokuthembeka. umlawuli wangomso Russia ngokwayo, Boris Feodorovich Godunov, ibali lakhe lobomi ngumzekelo ukuba le zentlalo enkulu, wazalwa ngo-1552 kwintsapho mhlaba ezincinane zesithili Viazemsky. Ukuba akukho ngokuba liphiko, ngewayengazange wabonakala igama lakhe kumaphepha imbali yesizwe.

Kodwa ke njengokuba uyazi, ukuba uyabathanda abo uyazi ukuba mawuzisebenzise njani. I Boris oselula ukuvelela ngomnye wabo bantu. Wasebenzisa kweempembelelo kayisekazi, owaba kumaxesha ka Ivana Groznogo omnye yokumkani ilingane, kwaye, zibandakanya nonogada abashiya kwimbali trail emnyama liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, wenza ilungiselelo nguzwilakhe, bamxabela isangqa wangaphakathi. Xa waba ngunyana-Malyuta Skuratov - omnye kakhulu ezinamandla kunye namalungu ezininzi kwesigele le-Elite kwexesha - indawo yayo ngenqindi phantsi komelezwa.

Ukufa kukumkani, wavula amathuba amatsha Boris

Inyathelo elilandelayo ku eluchochoyini amandla yaba umtshato bodade wayo Irene kunye yindlalifa etroneni, unyana Ivana Groznogo, umthetheli bizkit kalujaca Fedor. Oku ukuba lo mhlaba encinane Viazemskii waba ngomnye madoda unamandla welo xesha. Ababhali-mbali bayavuma ukuba kule minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe ezilukhuni kunye yedwa ukumkani wathabatha izigqibo phantsi kwempembelelo Godunov.

Kodwa ngokwenene ixesha Borisa Godunova waqalisa emva kokufa Ivan labangcangcazelisi kunye umbusi kwitrone sonyana wakhe. Yamkela isithsaba wobukhosi umthetho wokulandelelana, Fedor ayikwazanga elawula ilizwe ngenxa yokudodobala kwengqondo, yaye ibhunga Regency yasekwa ukuze wenze lo msebenzi. In-mthetho iNkosi enguMongami oselula ezingafakwanga kulo, kodwa zonke iintlobo oliqhophololo phantse wakhokela urhulumente yonke iminyaka elinesine unyana emthethweni.

Imigudu okulungileyo karhulumente

Eli xesha elo abaninzi lweendawo zakhe phambili. Ngenxa Godunov Russian Church Orthodox waba autocephalous. Kuye ekhokelwa usolusapho uYobhi, nelenyuse iwonga kwihlabathi jikelele kweli lizwe. Ngaphakathi kurhulumente kule minyaka ulwakhiwo ngokubanzi zenzeka kwizixeko zibhuqwe neenqaba. umlawuli Intelligent neengqondi Godunov Kucelwa phesheya, abakhi zezona ngcali zinetalente, leyo umfutho kuphuhliso izakhiwo zasekhaya.

Xa ikomkhulu imisebenzi yakhe zaqaliswa ngelo xesha izwakale ezintsha - emanzini, baxhotyiswa iimpompo uze uqhagamshele Moskva River kunye eyadini izinzile. Ukuze kukhuselwe isixeko nxamnye Tatar ngesinyanzeliso Godunov devyatikilometrovoy eqalwe ukwakhiwa zodonga White City kunye umgca iinqaba ezibe ngoko kwisiza namhlanje Garden Ring. Enkosi kubo, ikomkhulu wahlangulwa ngexesha ugqogqo ye Khan Kazi Giray ngo-1591.

Ukufa indlalifa usana kwetrone

Kwakhona ngo-1591, kukho isiganeko kwenzeka oko kubangele imbambano yokuba ngubani Boris Godunov for Russia - esifika okanye avezwe, ukuba namhlanje Awukwazi ukufumana impendulo ecacileyo. Into yokuba ngomhla we-11 Meyi phantsi kweemeko endimangazayo phaku nangoku wambulala, unyana omncinane Ivana Groznogo - Tsarevich UDimitri, ngubani ithathwa njengokuba yindlalifa. Wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba Godunov kudala waphupha etroneni yobukumkani, udaba ke ezithandwayo wavakalisa nokukhuthuzwa bakhe nje kuphela.

Ayizange uncedo nowokupheliswa ikhomishini yophando wathumela Uglich, apho ntlekele yenzeke. Ndifumane usihlalo wayo, Prince Vasily Shumsky, ebizwa unobangela wokufa yaba ingozi. Oku bakhonza kuphela ukubethelela intelekelelo ukuba kwibhotwe Kwaqaliswa iyelenqe ukuba ngokubekwa lokubhukuqa kunye nomntwana-ababulali - boyar Godunov. Nkqu iimpumelelo nkqubo angaphandle kwaye wabuyela ngabo phantsi ezilahlekileyo ngexesha Livonian beMfazwe, ayizange iguquke ubumpi jikelele.

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Ngo September 1598 (Godunova Borisa Fedorovicha biography - ubungqina ngqo) ebomini loo mntu batshintsha yema - emva kokufa Tsar Fedor Ivanovich Zemsky Sobor wamnika endala hat Monomakh. Ndaqalisa ukubala kunyaka-esixhenxe wolawulo. Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala ka-nkqubo omtsha yoMlawuli oko ijoliswe rapprochement kunye West, enika ilungelo lokuba bahlale kwihi yayo kunye nebhodi le nguzwilakhe elizayo kaPetros Mna, ukuba ukusiqhuba ngokupheleleyo.

Kanye inverter elizayo eRashiya, Godunov bazama ukubandakanya izifundo zakhe kwimpumelelo yempucuko yehlabathi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wabhalisela eMoscow basemzini abaninzi abaye washiya istampu ngembali kamva kweli lizwe. Phakathi kwazo, kunye izazinzulu kunye nabayili bezakhiwo, kukho abameli oluntu yorhwebo, owaba wabaseki iintsapho merchant odumileyo. Landinceda kulo mgaqo-nkqubo kunye nomkhosi Russian, natyetyiswa ziingcali ezininzi amazwe emkhosini.

I inkcaso - imfihlo ne ezicacileyo

Ke, phezu kwazo zonke izithembiso ezilungileyo kukumkani, abachasi bakhe kwezopolitiko kobuso izinduna bamandulo bemanyene inkcaso wafuna ukubhukuqa umlawuli ndamthiya. Bona ngasese kwaye ekuhleni uzame ukuchasa zonke izenzo zakhe. Xa ngo-1601 kweli lizwe kwakukho imbalela, eyathatha iminyaka emithathu unosshaya ubomi amawaka abantu, izinduna lulwimi phakathi kwabantu ukuba usisohlwayo sikaThixo ngenxa yegazi amaxhoba abangenatyala Tsarevich nguDmitry.

Ukuzama ukulwa iintshaba zabo zasekhaya Godunov kwafuneka ukubhenela zocindezelo. iingangamsha abaninzi kuloo minyaka, wabulawa okanye ithunyelwe ekuthinjweni. Kodwa ke abazalwana babo bamthiya ukumkani kwaye zimele yingozi enkulu kuye. Bazama ukuba kumiswe nxamnye Boris iingqimba emnyama.

ubomi isiphelo Okubuhlungu nolawulo

Amashwa esingundoqo kwakhe imbonakalo nguDmitry False, sizenza kosindileyo Tsarevich UDimitri. Pretender yonke indawo ulwazi ubuxoki malunga apho wayekhona yaye ngubani mna. Boris Godunov, kangangoko anako, wazama ukuxhathisa, kodwa imizamo yakhe yaba lilize - inkcaso wenze umsebenzi wayo. Abantu babekholelwa ngokulula fiction distributable ebengamthiyile.

Biography of Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov igcina a lot of iimfihlelo. Enye yazo iimeko yokufa kwakhe, nengcitho-Aprili 13, 1605. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba impilo umlawuli ngeli xesha phantsi ngokupheleleyo lidiniwe ntshikilelo luvo, kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ukufa Boris ebendlongondlongo na. abaphandi ngabanye kwakhona ukubona oko ngokuphambuka yokuzithandela evela ebomini.

Uninzi imiba enxulumene noko, wawungaqhelekanga, waphila usalinde ingxelo yawo. We kuphela uyazi yokuzenzisa ngubani Boris Godunov, kodwa oko kuxhomekeke ezinzulwini ubuntu bakhe ezininzi Bufihlakele emehlweni ethu.