Imizekelo lweenkqubo zokusebenza-time. Imizekelo inethiwekhi operating systems

Le yokusebenza time real (RTOS) - le OS, oqinisekisa umthamo ethile ixesha lokuphumla kwangaphambili. Umzekelo, oku enokuthi yenziwe ukwenzela ukubonisa ukuba into iye ziyafumaneka ukuze irobhothi kumgca ibandla. Ipeyinti ezifana zihlelwa 'nzima "kunye" ethambileyo. "

-Time real iinkqubo Hard operating bacinga ukuba ukubalwa ayikwazi ukuba babulawe, ukuba injongosenzi ayifumaneki kwi ixesha elimiselweyo (kulo msebenzi ziya kuphelela ukusilela).

I-soft operating system okwixesha-lokwenene indibano umgca phantsi kwezi meko ziya kuqhubeka ukusebenza, kodwa output kunokuba ngaphantsi kuba izibonelelo bengenako kwenziwa zifumaneke ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye isiphumo ukuba irobhothi uya imveliso okwethutyana.

Ngaphambi imizekelo iinkqubo zokusebenza-ixesha lenene, kufuneka uqonde izinto awohluke lokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ezinye zezi OS zenzelwa izicelo ezithile, ngoxa abanye - kuba jikelele ngakumbi. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye jikelele-njongo istili kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukusebenza ngexesha lenene. Njengoko imizekelo kolu hlobo iinkqubo zokusebenza uyakwazi ukwenza kakuhle eyaziwa Windows 2000 okanye IBM Microsoft / 390. Oko kukuthi, nokuba inkqubo yokusebenza lingenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile, kusenokwenzeka ukuba iimpawu eziya kubavumela ukuba sicinge oko njengesisombululo ngenxa iingxaki isicelo ethile ngexesha lenene.

Imizekelo lweenkqubo zokusebenza kunye kwabalinganiswa yazo

Ngokubanzi, indlela yokusebenza inkqubo yexesha yangempela ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Kanyekanye.
• nokuphuma inkqubo ezinokuthi phambili.
• Inani elaneleyo kumanqanaba uphazamiso.

iinkqubo zokusebenza Real-xesha adla ngokusetyenziswa iimfele ezincinane olungisiweyo, asetyenziswa format microdevices. Ngokomzekelo, abanye ngumongo kubhekwe njengento enye tasking kwindlela yokusebenza (imizekelo: i kernel njengenxenye iOS, Android, njl ...) Ekuhambeni kwexesha lokwenene. Kodwa ke, ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ifuna amanye amacandelo esi sixhobo, umzekelo, abaqhubi. Yiloo nto yinxalenye Indlela yokusebenza-time, njengokuba umthetho, kungaphezu nje kernel.

Omnye wemizekelo yoku isicelo RTOS HDTV-receiver kunye umboniso. Ufanele ufunde uphawu lwedijithali, ukucazulula yona ukubonisa ngohlobo data ezingenayo. Nayiphi kulibaziseka kuyoba obonakalayo njengoko pixel ividiyo kunye / okanye isandi na ukuphazamiseka.

Noko ke, xa izandi ukukholisa 'ukunika imizekelo iinkqubo zokusebenza hlobo, "libhekisela ukukhankanya amagama adumileyo. Yiyiphi inxalenye eli qela?

VxWorks kwiinkampani WindRiver

VxWorks i-time real yokusebenza yaphuhliswa software obuphuma ngoncedo WindRiver. Xa yakhululwa okokuqala ngo-1987, VxWorks sayilwa ngokweqobelo ukuba isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo olungisiweyo ezifuna-time real kunye nokusebenza deterministic. Ngenxa yoko, imizekelo kolu hlobo kweenkqubo zokusebenza zisetyenziswa kwimimandla yokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko, amashishini ezahlukeneyo (ingakumbi aerospace kunye nabammeli), eyimveliso bezixhobo zonyango, izixhobo mveliso, weerobhoti, umbane, ulawulo ezothutho, izibonelelo womnatha, ukuphucula bombane izithuthi kunye nomthengi.

VxWorks ixhasa Intel (x86, kuquka inguqulelo entsha ye IntelQuarkSoC kunye x86-64), MIPS, PowerPC, SH-4, nengalo-bokwakha. Iza nge RTOS kernel enamandla, middleware, inkxaso iiphakheji wokongeza i-on zifizi kunye ubuchwepheshe iintsimbi kwezinye abenzi. Kwinkupho yalo yakutshanje - ezi VxWorks 7 - le nkqubo sele ziphuculwe ukuya modularity kunye nokuphuculwa ukuze kernel OS uqulathwe ngokwahlukeneyo middleware, izicelo, kunye nezinye imibekelelo.

QNX Neutrino

Kwakhona imizekelo ezaziwa olu hlobo kweenkqubo zokusebenza - ezinye Unix-like iqokobhe. Leyo ke QNX Neutrino, ekuqaleni ziphuhliswe 1980, inkampani waseKhanada Quantum Software Systems. Ekugqibeleni, uphuhliso BlackBerry afunyenwe ngo-2010. QNX yenye iinkqubo zokusebenza microkernel yokuqala ngokorhwebo yimpumelelo, nto leyo lisetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa imoto neselula.

FreeRTOS

FreeRTOS popular OS yenyukliya real-time olungisiweyo izixhobo, nto leyo lilayishiwe 35 microcontrollers. Nangabo phantsi mvume GPL kunye nomqathango ezongezelelweyo and exceptions ozikhethelayo. Uthintelo othintela ukubeka, lo gama i-exemption kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba usebenzise ikhowudi lwabo njengomthombo evaliweyo, lo gama kugcinwe i core ngokwayo. Ngaloo ndlela kube lula ukuba FreeRTOS ukusetyenziswa izicelo zakho.

Windows CE

Windows Umhleli Icwecwe - na indlela yokusebenza ye subfamily kuphuhliswa "Microsoft" corporation ngaphakathi Windows Umhleli usapho kweemveliso. Ngokungafaniyo Umhleli Windows Standard, esekelwe kwi-Windows NT, le mizekelo kweenkqubo zokusebenza sebenzisa kuphela gqith kernel. "Microsoft" inkampani inika CE mvume Windows kubavelisi izixhobo original ngubani na aguqule kancinane kwaye ukudala zokudibana zabo umsebenzisi, nikela isiseko yobugcisa kulo.