Kwiveki abasebenza eRashiya ehlabathini

Ixesha elingakanani ukwenza yonke into? Iveki yokusebenza imiswe ngokungqinelana ne ikhowudi yabasebenzi kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Oku ubudala umqeshwa, imeko yakhe impilo, kwakunye umsebenzi kufuneka enze. Omnye umntu uyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo iiyure ezili-11 ngosuku, kwaye kwezinye, iiyure ezi-6 kwanele ukuba azive ukukhathala. Yintoni na ixesha eziqhelekileyo evekini? Zama ukuqonda.

A incinane

Phambi kokuba revolution eRashiya, ixesha besebenza kungalawulwa ngumthetho. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kukho utshintsho ngexesha iiyure ezili-14 uthathwa eqhelekileyo. Kwaye abantu abasebenza ngokuba kungekho ndlela yimbi. Kwafuneka ukondla usapho. Relax anikwa kuphela amalungu basebukhosini. Phantsi uxinzelelo kumbutho wabasebenzi 'ngo-1897, usuku lokusebenza ukunyamezela ngokusemthethweni iiyure ezili-11. On veki, abasebenzi zesityalo unelungelo lokuba ukusebenza iiyure ezili-10. Abafazi kunye nabantwana basebenza iiyure ezingaphantsi kwama-8 ngosuku. Shiya abasebenzi zesiqhelo wayengenayo imali. Kodwa ixesha umntu wamkelekile. Wonke umntu wayefuna ukuchitha ixesha elingakumbi kwi-mveliso ukufumana umvuzo ngaphezulu. Oku nakanjani ize ezintsha ezinxulumene ixesha besebenza.

Emva kokuba October Revolution ngo-1917, ubuninzi bexesha zomsebenzi ngeveki elenziwa into iiyure eziyi-48. Kulo mzekelo, abasebenzi akaba nako ukuyenza izityalo ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-8 ngosuku. Phantsi kwento imini omnye nangeeholide ihlawulwe. Ubude bayo kuxhomekeke kubunzima umsebenzi.

Ngowe-1928, inkampani watshintshela ngeveki imini ezintlanu. Ngelo abasebenzi ngexesha elifanayo inkampani baba 7 iiyure ngosuku. Noko ke, intuthuko ezinjalo abayi kuhlala ixesha elide. Ngowe-1939, iMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngenxa nzima imeko ngo-1940 kwafuneka ukuba aphinde aye kuba kosuku iiyure-8. Kwiveki ukusebenza eRashiya elenziwa into iiyure 56. ukuhlala ngaphantsi kwi mveliso akwazi ukufikelela kuphela kubasebenzi ezingephi. Benza iiyure 6 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki.

Yintoni na ubude iveki yokusebenza na namhlanje?

Phantsi komthetho wezabasebenzi wangoku, umqeshwa akakwazi ukusebenzisa iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-40 ngeveki emsebenzini. Ngelo umsebenzi xesha accounting iiyure-8 ngosuku. Standard ithathwa ngeveki eentsuku-ntlanu iintsuku ezimbini. Ezinye abaqeshi mini-6 ngeveki ukusebenza zingasetwa. Noko ke, kule meko, abasebenzi bafumana iinzuzo ezongezelelweyo. Inokwandiswa ikhefu ihlawulwe.

Ingcamango ixesha yokusebenza kulawulwa Inqaku 91 of Labour Code of the Russian Federation. Ukuba umqeshi uphazamisa amalungelo yomqeshwa, wolahlekelwa isohlwayo ngokusemthethweni. Ixesha le veki kwanciphisa ukusebenza ndimiselwe kweendidi ngabemi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo eziyingozi. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abasebenza kunye radiation okanye amachiza, kufuneka athwale yonke kwishishini iiyure ezi-6 ngosuku. iiyure ezehlisiwe amaqela athile abasebenzi zonyango kunye nolwenzelwa ootitshala kunye nootitshala.

ngeveki awusasebenzi ingafakwa kuphela xa isicelo yomqeshwa. Zonke bokuqonda ekwavunyelwana phambi kokusayina isivumelwano sengqesho. Ukuba umqeshwa uyavuma ukuba elide usuku lomsebenzi olunye, ukuba kubhaliwe ngokusemthethweni. Ngoko ke, lo ibango ayikwazi ukuba bamangalele umqeshi.

Le yokugqibela unelungelo ukugcina iirekhodi ixesha eneneni elichithwa umqeshwa ngamnye ngamnye. Ukuze wenze oku, phantse zonke ishishini isetelwe yokuhlola. Apha yelog igcinwa, nto leyo kubhaliwe xa umntu weza emsebenzini, yaye xa wemka kuyo. Kwezinye mveliso namashishini, le nkqubo iya ezenzekelayo. Monitoring lwenziwa ngoncedo ikhadi yokuwela ezizodwa, kwaye data iza ngqo kwi khompyutha yomqeshi.

Kwiveki ukusebenza yeentsuku ezine

Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ngama eqhelekileyo kufuneka ingadluli kwiintsuku 4. Oku kuya ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ngaxeshanye. I yokuqala iya kuba imisebenzi okuninzi. mveliso abaninzi nokuveliswa yinkqubo eqhubekayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abaninzi bakwazi ukuthatha indawo. Ukongeza, ukuncitshiswa yokusebenza imini ifuthe wesisa kubasebenzi ngokwabo. Kule veki zintathu, baya kuba nako ukuzifumana ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye baqale ukwenza imisebenzi yabo. Ngokuphawulekayo kunciphise ingeniso abasebenzi, kunciphise inani iimpazamo iimveliso. abasebenzi Ekumeni uya kwenza imisebenzi yabo ngokufanelekileyo.

iiyure zomsebenzi ngeveki kuhlala injalo. Oko kukuthi ziyure ezili-40 ngeveki nokuba usenzile yaye iintsuku-4. abasebenzi abaninzi bayavuma. Bakulungele ukusebenza yonke imihla iiyure ezi-2 ngaphezulu ukufumana isiphumo.

Ngaba Russia namhlanje aye ukulungele ngeveki ezine? Ngokutsho zophando ezintsha ndivuma-50% kuphela yabemi. Baninzi ngoku sisebenza phantse iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki, ukuze ufumane umvuzo omkhulu ngemigudu yabo. Ukuba kufuneka achithe ekuvelisweni iintsuku ezi-4 kuphela, abasebenzi baya kuqala ukujonga imithombo eyongezelelweyo yengeniso. Ukongeza, ukuba ubude bexesha zomsebenzi ziza kuncitshiswa ngeveki, ukwandisa kakhulu iindleko imveliso eyenziweyo. Russia ukuze kude ayikwazi kuthelekiswa amazwe aseYurophu ukuba kude phambili kuphuhliso.

Yintoni na ixesha kwiveki abasebenza kwamanye amazwe?

Kumazwe ahambele phambili, kwakunye eRashiya, kwiveki ukusebenza ubaleka ukususela ngoMvulo ukuya ngoLwesihlanu. NgoMgqibelo nangeCawa, wonke umntu ithuba lokuba achithe ixesha kunye nabahlobo kunye nosapho. Kodwa enye impelaveki ebekwe kwamanye amazwe. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, kwaSirayeli, ngosuku lokuqala zokusebenza kuthathwa ukuba ngeCawa. Kodwa epheleleyo abasebenzi umsebenzi ngemihla ngoLwesihlanu emva kwemini. Kulo mzekelo, i ngama standard ziiyure 43. Kwi-mveliso okanye i-ofisi, abantu bachitha iiyure ezisi-8 ngosuku.

Kuninzi lwamazwe amaSilamsi, umhla iphambili off ngolwesihlanu. Inkoliso yabantu isebenza ukususela ngoMgqibelo ukuya ngoLwesithathu. Kwezinye iimeko, umsebenzi ingqalelo ngoLwesine. Kulo mzekelo, i ngama eqhelekileyo ziiyure ezingama-40.

Eyona nzima-yokusebenza kuthathwa ukuba Chinese. Abasebenzi basebenza apha iiyure ezili-10 ngosuku. Kule holide luthathwa ngeCawa, holide aliyi kuba ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-10, kwakunye nesidlo sasemini yabiwa imizuzu engama-20. Akumangalisi ke, inkoliso kwezesayensi zeteknoloji - ngokwemfanelo yemeko Chinese. Zikude njengoko yaseJapan. Abasebenzi apha kufuneka achithe emsebenzini iiyure ezingama-50 ngeveki. Japan wasamkelayo shestidnevka.

Ubude zincinane evekini eNetherlands. Abasebenzi-ofisi, iifektri abasebenza iiyure ezi-6. Ngelo xesha linye lokuphumla iintsuku ezi-2 ngeveki kwaye banelungelo ihlawulwe ikhefu, ixesha apho iintsuku ezingama-30 zekhalenda.

Ziziphi ezinye apho?

Kutsha nje, omnye wabantu bazizinhanha emhlabeni, uCarlos Slim, uye wanikela ukunciphisa iveki yokusebenza ibe iintsuku ezintathu. Ngokwembono yakhe, abantu ukusebenza ngaphantsi kakhulu umgangatho kweeyure ezingama-40 kwaye basenethuba bonke. Noko ke, uCarlos ukholelwa ukuba iiyure zomsebenzi kufuneka iiyure ezili-11 kunye nabasebenzi umhlala kungcono ukuya ngaphambi kweminyaka 75. Ukuba sicinga ukuba umlinganiselo kweminyaka yokuphila eRashiya uneminyaka eli-70, imali ye pension abemi abaninzi musa ikhanye.

Kukho yeengcinga ezininzi kwiveki ukusebenza. Nabani na siveza umbono othile, wosondeza iingxoxo zabo. Qwalasela iinketho zixhaphakileyo.

4:00

Abaninzi baya kuthi ukuba veki ukusebenza eqhelekileyo ayikwazi ukuba iiyure 4. Akunakwenzeka ukuba imisebenzi ezininzi. Mxhasi kwiiveki elifutshane uthetha umbhali abaninzi yathengiswa Timoti Ferris. Umbhali ubanga ukuba kwixesha elidlulileyo kwakufuneka ukuba asebenze ngaphezulu kweeyure ezili-14 ngosuku. Noko ke, wakwazi hayi kangako, yaye waziva elusizana. Ukuba abantu baya kusebenza ngaphantsi, ukusebenza kwayo kuya kuba aphezulu kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-80% ukuphunyezwa ezicwangcisiweyo kufuna-20% kuphela ngexesha abanalo. Oku kuyinyaniso angqiniweyo ngokwezenzululwazi.

Ferris ukholelwa ukuba isicwangciso ibalulekile. Imisebenzi kakhulu entsonkothileyo kufuneka zijongwe kwindawo yokuqala, lo gama i-zasesekondari unokuthenjwa abancedisayo. Kule siyakwazi ukubona ukuba veki umsebenzi iyure-4 kubazela abantu abangabanini ishishini labo kunye Siphumeze lukhulu. Kuba umsebenzi avareji iiyure ezi-4 evekini ziya kuba lincinane kakhulu.

iiyure 21

Ukuncitshiswa wokusetyenzwa ngeveki isiqingatha uya ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Kwindawo yokuqala yehla kakhulu ngqesho. Loo ndawo apho kuya kubakho izithuba nje emibini. Ukongeza, abantu baza kuba nako kuphumla ngakumbi, yaye ngoko ke, kubhetele ukubuyisela amandla. It ngokuyimfuneko kuchaphazela umgangatho womsebenzi owenziwa. Abantu abaninzi namhlanje baphila umsebenzi kwaye azisebenzi ngenxa yobomi. Le yeyona ndlela engalunganga. Ukunciphisa ngeeyure zomsebenzi kuya kunceda ekuphuculeni ubume yabasebenzi, kwakunye nefuthe kuphuhliso loqoqosho.

Ubude ephola ukusebenza veki mawungabi ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-21. Indlela ukusasaza eli xesha, umqeshi ngasinye isigqibo ngokuzimeleyo. Kuthandeke ithathwa ngeveki yeentsuku ezintathu. Abasebenzi ngexesha elifanayo Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube kwi-mveliso okanye kwi-ofisi ngo 7:00. Kangangeentsuku 4 iya kukwazi ukuba abuyiselwe ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nemikhosi ezintsha ziqala yemfanelo yomsebenzi.

Le thiyori nangoku ikude lee practice. Uninzi iinkampani basekhaya engekakulungeli kodwa qhubekani ngeveki yeentsuku ezine. It akavumi ukuyenza kwindawo yokuqala imeko yezoqoqosho. Emva kosuku lomsebenzi iiyure-7 imele ukwenziwa kunye ekulondolozweni wemivuzo esekwe yi-mthetho. Ezinye abaqeshi zisaya kule nyathelo. Emva kokuba kunciphiso ixesha kwiveki kuphucula ngobuchule abasebenzi. Ngenxa oku kunokwenzeka ukuze ifumane ingeniso engakumbi, yaye ngenxa yoko kwandisa umvuzo emsebenzini.

iiyure 30

Xa phakathi Great Depression yango-1930, umbona magnate Dzhon Harvi waqhuba eksperimenti kancinane. Wagqiba ukunciphisa iiyure eziqhelekileyo zomsebenzi ngeveki. Abasebenzi le mveliso yaqala ukusebenza 6:00 endaweni eqhelekileyo ezisibhozo. Ngenxa yoko, umqeshi unako ukuphucula kakhulu nenkqubo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko iimveliso zabo. Abasebenzi baqala ukusebenza yonke imihla kwi iiyure ezi-2 ngaphambi, baya kuba nexesha elingakumbi free. Tycoon waphawula ukuba iiyure ezimbini zokugqibela shift ke olusebenzayo ubuncinane. Ukunciphisa ubude bexesha abantu ndidleke kuphele, ngenxa koomatshini, akazange abalahlekelwanga nto. Ngapha koko, ukuqesha abasebenzi abatsha akazange kuyimfuneko.

Ezo amalinge kuyenziwa namhlanje. E Sweden, umzekelo, kumzi-mveliso abasebenzi Gothenburg bohlulwa ngamaqela amabini. Abanye umsebenzi iiyure-8 ngosuku, ngoxa abanye - iiyure ezi-6. Kulo mzekelo, omabini la maqela ukugcina inkokhelo efanayo. iiyure zomsebenzi ngeveki kuchaphazela ukukwazi jikelele ukusebenza. Iqela labasebenzi abasebenza ngaphantsi, sibonisa iziphumo ezingcono. Iingcali athi kuphuculo kwicandelo yabasebenzi ngakwicala ekunciphiseni ixesha besebenza bangazisa urhulumente ngaphezu kwezigidi zeerandi.

iiyure 32

Abaxhasi zeveki ukubila imini-4 kukho into eninzi. Kwangaxeshanye, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ngama-avareji kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-32. Oko kukuthi, abasebenzi uzohlala na umatshini okanye ofisi itafile iiyure efanayo-8 ngosuku. Ngeli xesha, kuya kuba nako ukwenza isigqibo inani lobuninzi lemisebenzi. Iya kuba ziintsuku ezintathu ngeveki, apho umele uchithe kunye nosapho kunye nabahlobo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-US-36% iinkampani abasebenza ngqo lo mgaqo. NgoLwesihlanu ithathwa njengosuku off, kwakunye ngoMgqibelo okanye ngeCawa.

Kukholelwa ukuba imveliso ukwanda kunokwenzeka kwaye ngokwandisa inani leentsuku off. Le iiyure ubuninzi zomsebenzi ngeveki inokuba iiyure 33. iya Abasebenzi bachithe iiyure ezili-11 kwindawo yengqesho yabo yokuqala. Kodwa ukuba umhlala aninalo ngaphakathi-50 okanye engama-60, yaye 70-75. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, le shedyuli kuya kuvumela abantu ukuba aphumle kwaye amvelisele kakhulu amazinga okuphila.

A nombono ohlukile

Ezinye abaqeshi Uyakuqaphela ukuba iintsuku ezi-2 off - its too much. Ukuze baphumelele kunokwenzeka kuphela kwabo basebenza nzima. Izifundo ezininzi zophando zibonise ukuba ngempelaveki abantu ngokukhutheleyo ukunxibelelana networks zentlalo, xoxa iindaba. Eli xesha ke wachitha ngaphezu enemveliso. Namhlanje kucingwa ngeveki zesiqhelo eRashiya kwiiyure ezingama-48. NgeCawa, abantu abaninzi ukulawula ukubuyisela amandla ukuze uqale kwakhona ukuze isebenze ukuze kuzuze uluntu.

Ukusuka kwindawo yonyango yokucingela ngeveki imini-6 Kusekho nefuthe elibi zombini abasebenzi kunye nenkampani liphela. Musa kakhulu yomsebenzi mandundu izifo ezondeleyo. NoKwenziwa ngokutsha kwezinto ebesezisetyenzisiwe, baba basemngciphekweni enxulumene nokwenzakala emsebenzini. Kuye kwenziwa, eyaqinisekisa ukuba ixesha elide iveki yokusebenza iba nefuthe elibi kubasebenzi. Abantu abasebenza iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-50, kufuneka amagama kakhulu kwaye andikwazi kakuhle ukuthetha iingcinga zabo. Yintoni na ixesha eqhelekileyo yeveki ukusebenza? Kubonakala ukuba inkcitho kangangoko ukuze kukufezekiswa kwemisebenzi yayo ephambili hayi ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-40.

Ndifanele emsebenzini iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki?

Namhlanje, akukho lizwe ehlabathini kukho ngeveki imini-7. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi baseRashiya basenethuba ukusebenza iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki, ehleli nje kwiindawo ezimbalwa. Iiyure zomsebenzi ngeveki nayo yonyuswa ngabo ukuqala ishishini labo. Kufuneka usoloko uhlale unolwazi, ukuyilawula inkcitho kunye ezingenayo. Noko ke, inkoliso yabantu zoshishino musa ukuchitha iiyure 8 kwi-ofisi yonke imihla. Bayakwazi ukuqhuba ishishini kunye kwi imo ekhaya.

Emsebenzini yonke imihla likuvumela ukuba utshintshe umsebenzi. Umzekelo, iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki olinikela ukusebenza kwi-ofisi, yaye veki ukufumana into umphefumlo, eziya nokungenisa imali. Ezibaluleke kakhulu naye luphawu iholide. Ukuba ukuphatha ukuseka ukulala ebusuku ngokupheleleyo aze aphumle emini kwiiyure ubuncinane ezimbini, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala ngokongeza ngeveki imini-7. Kodwa ngale ndlela ke umntu akunakwenzeka baya kukwazi ukusebenza ixesha elide. Umsebenzi ukusuka ngoMvulo ukuya ngoLwesihlanu iquka ikhowudi imisebenzi yasekhaya. Kwiveki ukusebenza ayikho iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-40. Ukusebenza ixesha elide okanye hayi, elowo ngokwakhe isigqibo ngokwakhe.

Ukuphucula imveliso wasilela kubaqashi abathi bakwazi yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano izibophelelo ezingundoqo noqeqesho kunye neziganeko yenkampani nabasebenzi. umsebenzi obungabangeli mdla ngokukhawuleza dina. Ukuba umqeshwa ukuba afumane iimvakalelo HIV kwi-ofisi okanye kwi mveliso, oko kuya kuba nako ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngokufanelekileyo.