Aphakathi uMthetho waseRoma. Iimpawu ze-sikhokelo esemthethweni ye-Russia entsha

Yintoni idibanisa Russia e utshintshwano zayo eziye zenzeka kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nemisebenzi glossators abahlalutyi ngenkulungwane XI, benza-sikhokelo sifundo Bologna University of komthetho wamaRoma? Ngeliphi ixesha nenzululwazi kwipropati yabucala, lusidla emva iimpumelelo yawona wekhoboka uBukhosi baseRoma, yaba sisiseko zokusonjululwa yonxulumano yoluntu zongxowankulu Western Europe elisakhasayo? Yaye kutheni umthetho wamaRoma wafumana uphuhliso yayo kwicala elinye kuphela, kwaye (umthetho karhulumente) yesibini ngendlela eyothusayo wehla kwimbali?

-Logic impendulo kwezi abaninzi neminye imibuzo, apho kukho ulwamkelo umthetho waseRoma, ilula kwaye ezicacileyo. Kodwa inkqubo ukungena yomthetho, eyasetyenziswa kumaxesha baseRoma, ummandla eNtshona Yurophu, kwaye ingakumbi amadoda eRashiya kakhulu umdla, lifanelwe ingqalelo.

Ephakathi Umthetho ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi amanyathelo olungiso, nto leyo equka ukuboleka nokukhetha, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokwenziwa nemimiselo kunye neengcamango, iziseko yeengcingane umthetho waseRoma, nto leyo wabonisa ukufaneleka kwazo elawula ubudlelwane yoluntu, ukubeka unyawo kula kwisigaba ephezulu yophuhliso. Ukope ikhutshwa phandle ulwamkelo komthetho wamaRoma e Western Yurophu, ungakhetha rhoqo kwale nkqubo.

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukufunda umthetho waseRoma, yaye impembelelo Renaissance kwavusa yena yedwa. Xa ephumayo ukusuka kwi European Ages Aphakathi, inzala yavusa nje impumelelo ubugcisa nenkcubeko, ezinxulumene Greece yamandulo neRoma, kodwa ilifa iinkcuba kunye izazinzulu kwezi emphaya yamandulo.

Kwisigaba sesibini ngayo ukuba bagqwese imigaqo yobudlelwane zabucala izimvo zoluntu, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kumsebenzi yokwenza abagwebi.

Inqanaba lesithathu inkqubo xa nemibono emoyeni waqalisa ukusebenza emva kocazululo ngenyameko kunye yezolimo kwemimiselo imithetho.

Thetha malunga nokwamkelwa ngokungagungqiyo imigaqo amalungelo bamandulo ayikho imfuneko. Enyanisweni, kwakukho ulwamkelo umthetho zabucala wamaRoma. Kodwa umthetho karhulumente, nangona aura ngobukhulu yavela ehlabathini lonke yamandulo, waba engathethekiyo ngokupheleleyo kuqoqosho entsha. I-asayinimenti ingangumsebenzi wesakhono uBukhosi German isihloko "Ungcwele Roman Empire", ukusekwa ithi senates ezininzi, a twa ebalulekileyo isihloko loMlawuli uNapoleon kunye nemvuselelo isithuba wokuqala "ngunozakuzaku" yaba mkhosi ekhazimlayo, akakwazi ukuvuselela-arhente zikarhulumente wamaRoma. ubudlelwane ezintsha eluntwini, ingabi kuphela aphelise umthetho karhulumente wamaRoma, kodwa ifuna u kuphindo olunzulu kunye olukhulu iziseko komthetho zabucala. Makubulelwe kuphela bhetyebhetye yayo yoqobo kungafa ubuchule ukuphuhlisa ulwamkelo kwenzeka komthetho wamaRoma kwifomu apho ukuba ibonwa kwayilwa mihla.

Kukho ukwamkelwa ziphikisana kakhulu komthetho wamaRoma eRashiya. Nditsho ubukho yale nkqubo ngumbandela imbambano phakathi ziingcali ukufunda umthetho. Kukho inkqubo yomtsalane yomthetho Russian kwi isithethe Romano kwisiJamani, ezisekelwe phezu komthetho wamaRoma wabeka. Kodwa Russia uluhlu olude yeemeko echaphazela uphuhliso ezithile zomthetho jikelele yoluntu, ingakumbi. Oku amandla izithethe ongcambu zawo zisekelwe xesha pre-revolution eRashiya. komthetho wamaRoma nkqu ngexesha XIX - kwekhulu XX befuna ukuqhubeka zofuzo kaRemaliya, ilifa kunye nomthetho liability eRashiya. Kwakhona, ubukho obuqhubekekayo ubudlelwane yolawulo-umyalelo kwi yoluntu yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso kumacandelo yonke kwenzululwazi Russian, kuquka ithiyori karhulumente kunye nomthetho. Lo msebenzi umahluko ekuqondeni inkqubo lokwehla yabangela imbambano phakathi abahlaziyi zomthetho.

Kodwa ukuba kwakungekho, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo umsebenzi unxulumano ezintsha eluntwini bakruthana umthetho-inzululwazi ukudala inkqubo-sikhokelo esemthethweni womelele, olusekelwe kwiziphumo yenzululwazi kungekhona iingcamango zezopolitiko. Kwaye kulo mba lo umthetho yabucala wamaRoma kunceda ukuba alungiselele zomthetho nezobudlelwane eluntwini elisanda asakhulayo.