Milky Way - ukuba ... Imbali ngexesha lokufunyanwa, abalinganiswa, isakhiwo

Ekwaluphaleni wethu, abasa ngamakhulu iirobhothi zombane, abahlali besixeko abakwazi ukubona iMilky Way. Le meko, okwenzeka esibhakabhakeni yethu kuphela kwixesha elithile lonyaka, uyabonakala kuphela umgama ukusuka kumaziko ezinkulu labantu. Kwisibanzi yethu intle ngakumbi ngo-Agasti. Kule nyanga iphelileyo kwehlobo iMilky Way liphuma ngaphezu komhlaba ngokohlobo elikwigophe elikhulu yasezulwini. Oku ababuthathaka, kwentamo ukukhanya umcu luthe ujongo ngokuba mhlophe, kwicala iScorpio kunye Sagittarius, kunye paler kunye saa - kufutshane namakroza Andromeda kunye Perseus.

imfihlakalo ogcwele

Milky Way - oku buyinto engaqhelekanga, imfihlelo leyo kwanini kubantu kulo umtya lonke iinkulungwane. Le yeentsomi namabali sezizwe ezininzi ukuba ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo. kwaba kukhanya Amazing twisisaka Star Bridge esa wasiwa eParadisi, Dear waseZulwini Gods emlanjeni magic, ephethe ubisi kaThixo. Ngelo xesha nye zonke iintlanga babekholelwa ukuba iMilky Way - into engcwele. Ukubengezela baqubuda. Imbeko kuye, wazakhela iitempile.

Bambalwa abantu bayazi into yokuba umthi yethu weKrismesi yi intlokoma kukunqulwa abantu ababephila ngemihla yamandulo. Ngapha koko, kumaxesha amandulo ayekholelwa ukuba iMilky Way - ke ezimanyeneyo iphela, okanye Umthi yeHlabathi, leyo zivuthwe phezu amasebe nkwenkwezi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ekuqaleni komjikelo yonyaka, enxibe phezulu umthi weKrismesi. njalo ngothuli iinkuni oosinga yaba imithi yeziqhamo-ethwele ezulwini. Eli siko wabanika ithemba ubabalo woothixo kunye isivuno esihle. Ke yaba ixabiso iMilky Way izinyanya zethu.

imibono yesayensi

Yintoni iMilky Way? Imbali ngexesha lokufunyanwa le meko iye phantse 2000 kwiminyaka. UPlato wabiza le isiqwenga ingenamthungo ukukhanya, ehlanganisa ikhweyitha yasezulwini. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, Anaxagoras kunye Demoksid bathi iMilky Way (oko umbala, siza kuqwalasela) - uhlobo leenkwenkwezi ukukhanyisa. Uthi Likhonkco isibhakabhaka ebusuku. Aristotle wafundisa ukuba iMilky Way - yinto ekhethekileyo ukuvutha emoyeni of iplanethi yethu kufutshane-inyanga amnandi umphunga.

Ngayo kunye nezinye okucingelwayo ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, i-Roman Mark Manily wathi iMilky Way - constellation lwemizimba ezincinane yasezulwini. Yaba nguye lowo esondele inyaniso, kodwa ukuqinisekisa uqikelelo lwabo ngexesha xa ubukele kuphela ngeliso lenyama zezulu, ebengenakuba nguye. Bonke abaphandi bamandulo babecinga ukuba iMilky Way - yinxalenye yenkqubo elanga.

Ukuvulwa UGalileo

ngasese Milky Way Yakhe mazivulwe kuphela xa 1610 Ngelo xesha yasungulwa teleskopu wokuqala UGalileo Galiley kwaye zisetyenziswe. Nesazi-nzulu esidumileyo wabona isixhobo, ukuba iMilky Way - imbutho ngokwenene iinkwenkwezi, ukuba ngeliso lenyama zadityaniswa okuqhubekayo bar nguvumazonke ithemba. KwelaseGalili wakwazi ukuchaza ukungafani ngesakhiwo zamaqela.

Oku kwabangelwa bubukho isenzeko ezulwini kuphela uluhlu nkwenkwezi. amafu Okwangoku, nemnyama. Indibaniselwano yezi zinto zimbini sidala umfanekiso emangalisayo iziganeko ebusuku.

Ivula William iHerschel

Isifundo Milky Way, yaye waqhubeka ngenkulungwane ye-18. Ngeli xesha ke lo umphandi kakhulu esebenzayo Vilyam Gershel. Umqambi ezaziwayo-kakuhle yimvumi, inxaxheba ekwenziweni ngeeteleskopu waza wafunda inzululwazi iinkwenkwezi. Ukufunyanwa ibalulekileyo iHerschel waba isicwangciso enkulu iphela. Oosonzululwazi waphawula iplanethi kwindawo ezinjengeetelescope wavelisa ukubala zabo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezulu. Izifundo ziye zagqiba ukuba iMilky Way - uhlobo lwe Star Island, apho ibekwe ilanga lethu. IHerschel wasikhelela isicwangciso-oganogram lokuvula yayo. Lo mzobo Inkqubo nkwenkwezi kuye esiboniswa lokusila, yaye wamema imilo ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka. Ilanga ngexesha elifanayo phakathi kweli umsesane ezingqongileyo ihlabathi lethu. Leyo yindlela kumnyele wethu bonke izazinzulu de ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela.

Kuphela 1920 wabona ukukhanya umsebenzi Jacobus Kapteyn apho iMilky Way ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha. Kulo mzekelo, umbhali wanikwa wesekethe siqithi obalaseleyo, njengokuba efana enye eyaziwa kuthi ngeli xesha. Namhla siyazi ukuba iMilky Way - nguye Galaxy, nto leyo eyinxalenye yenkqubo solar, Umhlaba, nabo umntu iinkwenkwezi ezibonakalayo emehlweni abantu lenyama.

Isakhiwo zezigidi

Ngophuhliso lenzululwazi ngezibonakude ngeenkwenkwezi kuba unamandla ngakumbi kwaye zinamandla ngakumbi. Ngelo xesha ngakumbi ngokucacileyo ngakumbi isakhiwo kwabonwa yiminyele. Ndafumanisa ukuba abazange nje omnye. Phakathi kwawo ke kwakukho engalunganga. isakhiwo wabo akazange abe ulingano.

Kwakhona waphawula Way okweqanda kunye zikhula. Koko ezi ntlobo yenkxalabo Milky Way? Le kumnyele wethu, ngaphakathi, ukuba ukumisela ubume bayo inzima kakhulu. Noko ke, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa impendulo yalo mbuzo. Ngoku siyazi ukuba iMilky Way. Ukuchaza lanikwa kubaphandi kwafumaniseka ukuba le idiskhi ukuba i core engaphakathi.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

The Milky Way ulilungu uhlobo Way ezijikeleze. Ngaloo isiphathele umtsibeli inkqubo omkhulu ogcwele ezinxulumene kunye zizinto omxhuzulane.

Kukholelwa ukuba iMilky Way sele ekho iminyaka engaphezu elishumi billion. Eli xesha apho kule kumnyele kwasekwa iinkwenkwezi malunga 400 ezigidi kunye namakroza, ngaphezu kwewaka omkhulu ubukhulu amafu sukube, amaqela kunye namafu.

Imilo ye-iMilky Way ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwimephu wendalo iphela. Xa ucinga kucaca ukuba yeqoqo nkwenkwezi i idiskhi ogama ububanzi ilingana 100 lamawaka. Kwiminyaka Ukukhanya (omnye unyaka ukukhanya ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezilishumi ezigidi). Ububanzi yesihloko star - 15 amawaka, yaye ubunzulu -. Malunga ne-8 amawaka ukukhanya-iminyaka ..

Hayi imbi iMilky Way? It (inkcazo ubunzima bayo - umsebenzi onzima kakhulu) akwenzeki ukubala. Ubunzima ebangela ukuzimisela konyanzeliso esimnyama, nto leyo angavumelaniyo imisebe electromagnetic. Yiloo nto ngeenkwenkwezi abakwazi ngenqindi phantsi ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Kodwa kukho izibalo rhabaxa, njengoko apho ubunzima Galaxy isusela ukusuka 500 ukuya kuma- 3000 bhiliyoni izihlwele elanga.

The Milky Way ifana zonke imizimba yasezulwini. Wenza a revolution ngeenxa axis yayo, lihamba kwindalo iphela. Izazi zibonisa rhoqo, nokuba intshukumo umbhodamo womnyele wethu. Oku kuchazwe into yokuba ngamnye lweenkqubo zayo inkwenkwezi ilungu kunye mafu lalo, yahlukile kwezinye isantya, ngokunjalo iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo wezijikelezi.

Zeziphi ngeelinki na iMilky Way? Le core iibhulorho, disk neengalo Ukonakala, kwakunye isithsaba. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

core

Le yinxalenye iMilky Way ifumaneka e- umlaza Sagittarius. Le ongundoqo ngumthombo radiation non-thermal, ukuba malunga nezigidi ezilishumi izinyuko obushushu. Xa iziko le nxalenye ye iMilky Way itywina, ebizwa ngokuba "uPienaar". Yinto umtya lonke yeenkwenkwezi yakudala, leyo edakasa nokujikeleza evuthelweyo. Xa ezininzi yezi umjikelo imizimba ubomi basezulwini ufikelela esiphelweni.

Xa ngundoqo ngumongo iMilky Way imbobo omkhulukazi emnyama. Le nxalenye space kabani ubunzima ilingana sezigidi izigidi ezintathu ubunzima na womxhuzulane enamandla. It zigxile omnye umngxuma emnyama, ezincinane kuphela. Loo inkqubo kudala ngale intsimi omxhuzulane ukuba basondele namakroza kunye neenkwenkwezi ukwenza intshukumo kwindlela engaqhelekanga kakhulu.

Iziko Milky Way, kukho nezinye iimpawu. Ngenxa yoko, okufana Sisihloko enkulu zeenkwenkwezi. Yaye umgama phakathi kwabo amakhulu amaxesha ezincinane ngaphezu koko iqatshelwe kwimida yemfundo.

Okunye okunika umdla kukuba, ngokugcina ezinye iminyele nucleus, ngeenkwenkwezi bathi kukhanya amatshatshazi amhlophe. Kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile oko ayibonakali iMilky Way? Abanye abaphandi bade baye bavakalisa Kwingcingane ukungabikho kumnyele nucleus yethu. Noko ke, kwakugqitywa kwelokuba kukho na mafu umaleko emnyama, ukuza apho ezidibeneyo oluphakathi uthuli kunye negesi. Apho ke kumnyele wethu iMilky Way. Ezi amafu amnyama yaye musani anikele mkhanya ezisentlabathini ukubona ukukhanya le ngumongo. Ukuba loo mfundo awuthintelwa earthlings, siya bagubhe ngumongo ngokohlobo ellipsoid unyulu, imali leyo eyayiza kugqithisela netoti ezilikhulu nasekuthwaseni kwenyanga.

Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo bantu baye banceda ngeeteleskopu mihla, ezinako ukukulumkisela ukusebenza kwiingingqi ezithile spectrum radiation electromagnetic. Ngesi ubugcisa bale mihla, onako ukuze kuthintelwe ikhaka uthuli, izazinzulu bakwazi ukubona undoqo iMilky Way.

umakad

Le ilungu iMilky Way iwela kwisabelo esisezantsi kwaye ubungakanani-27 amawaka. Light-iminyaka. Bridge ali-22 ezigidi iinkwenkwezi ezibomvu kunye yobudala umxhelo. Around le Ukwakheka isazinge segesi, apho ekwakhiweni iqulethe ipesenti enkulu oksijini eziphilayo. Konke oku kubonisa ukuba ibhulorho ye iMilky Way isisahlulo apho iinkwenkwezi fomu kakhulu luninzi.

disk

Le fom ngokwaso iMilky Way, leyo ityhalela rhoqo ejikelezayo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, izinga yale nkqubo ixhomekeke kumgama inxalenye engundoqo. Ngoko, xa intliziyo oko ngu zero. Ngelo umgama ukusuka ezingundoqo ukujikeleza-ukukhanya iminyaka engamawaka amabini isantya kweekhilomitha ezili-250 ngeyure.

Kwicala elingaphandle ye iMilky Way ezingqonge inwebu hydrogen atomic. ubukhulu wayo 1.5 eliwaka iminyaka elula.

Xa ngohlangothi ngeenkwenkwezi Galaxy bakufumanisayo ubukho amaqela ashinyeneyo yerhasi ukuba amaqondo obushushu-10 amawaka. Amaqondo. Ebubanzini kwingxelo abanjalo ezimbalwa kukukhanya-iminyaka eliwaka.

ezijikeleze okweengalo Five

Le ndawo licandelo elinye ngaphezulu Milky Way, ibekwe ngqo emva isazinge segesi. Omakhwapheni kwezinto wawela namakroza Cygnus kunye Perseus, Orion kunye Sagittarius kunye Centaurus. Ezi ukubunjwa edyokhweni zizaliswe igesi eziphilayo. Loo sisincoko yenza imposiso njengokujikeleza imithetho Galaxy.
Omakhwapheni kwezinto avela engundoqo obalaseleyo wesiqithi ngqo. Ziyinto sibona ngeliso lenyama, ebiza ukukhanya kubhunyula iMilky Way.

Omakhwapheni kwezinto kulindeleke kwi omnye komnye, eyenza kube nzima ukuqonda isixhobo zabo. Izazinzulu ndicebisa ukuba aba sleeves akhiwa ngenxa yobukho kumnyele wethu iMilky Way amaza ukwanda lengxilimbela ucinezelo kwerhasi oluphakathi, leyo asuka ngundoqo galactic disk.

umqhele

The Milky Way sele halo ukulenza. Lo isithsaba sakhe. Oku kuquka ukuyilwa amaqela ezahlukeneyo iinkwenkwezi kunye namakroza. Ngaphezu koko, le milinganiselo halo ungqukuva abantu abanjalo ukuba nangabo ngaphaya kwemida kumnyele ukukhanya-engama-50.

Njengenxalenye isithsaba iMilky Way na, njengokuba umthetho, iinkwenkwezi ephantsi-ubunzima kunye ubudala, kwakunye iminyele ezincinanana namacandelo yerhasi eshushu. Zonke ezi zinto ukwenza intshukumo wezijikelezi evuthelweyo ehlabathini nucleus, ukwenza kujikelezo bahlupheke.

Kukho hypothesis, ekuthe ngenxa yawo kwahlaziywa imbonakalo isithsaba yaba sisiphumo kukufakwa iMilky Way amancinci. Ngokutsho izazi, ubudala halo imalunga elinambini billion kwiminyaka.

iinkwenkwezi indawo

On isibhakabhaka esingenamafu ebusuku, iMilky Way olubonakalayo nayiphi indawo iplanethi yethu. Nangona kunjalo, inkangeleko yomntu yinxalenye ifumaneka kuphela ye Galaxy, nkqubo leyo inkwenkwezi ibekwe ngaphakathi ngengalo Orion.

Yintoni iMilky Way? Ukuchaza isithuba zonke iinxalenye zayo uba iyaqondakala ngakumbi xa siqwalasela kwimephu yeenkwenkwezi. Kulo mzekelo, kucacile ukuba ilanga olukhanyisela Umhlaba, ebekwe phantse kwi disc. Oku phantse ngohlangothi kumnyele, apho umgama ukusuka ngumongo ilingana 26-28 amawaka. Light-iminyaka. Ukufudukela ngesantya kweekhilomitha ezili-240 ngeyure, ukukhanya uchitha ithuba mnye ehlabathini ngumongo yezigidi kwiminyaka engama-200, ukwenzela ukuba lonke ixesha ikhona iye waya ngaphesheya diski, rounded nucleus, amaxesha amathathu.

iplanethi yethu kwi ebizwa ngokuba yi-corotation isangqa. Le yindawo apho isantya ujikeleziso iingalo nkwenkwezi kwaye efanayo. Kuba kule folda luphawulwa kumanqanaba ephakamileyo radiation. Kungenxa yoko le nto ubomi izazinzulu zikholelwa, ingaba kwenzeka kuphela kwi-langa, kufuphi apho kukho inani elincinane leenkwenkwezi.

Oku iplanethi yethu kunye Earth. Le ibekwe kwimiphetho kumnyele, kwi bathuleyo kwindawo yayo. Yiyo loo nto kule planethi kangangamawaka ezigidi zeminyaka, kwakungekho yintlekele womhlaba, akholisa ukubakho iphela.

Liqikelele elizayo

Izazinzulu lubonisa ukuba kwenzeke ingozi elizayo mhlawumbi kakhulu phakathi iMilky Way kunye nezinye iminyele, ezona zinabantu i Andromeda Galaxy. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye ukuthetha ngqo malunga nento oko akwenzeki. Oku kufuna ulwazi ubukhulu bezinto sesiqhelo ezinqamlezayo izinto extragalactic, engeyiyo yona kodwa ziyafumaneka kubaphandi namhlanje.

NgoSeptemba 2014, omnye iziganeko imifuziselo yapapashwa kumajelo eendaba. Ngokutsho kuye, uya kubanjwa iminyaka gidi ezine, iMilky Way kunye namafu Magellanic ufunxe (ezinkulu nezincinane), kwaye eminye iminyaka billion uya kuba yinxalenye Andromeda Galaxy.