Mfundisi-ngcungela. umgangatho umfundisi Professional. ubuntu umfundisi

Ekufundiseni isifundo, ebhalwe amaphepha esayensi. Kukho isifundo rhoqo inkqubo yemfundo ngokusekelwe iindlela ezintsha kwaziswa rhoqo, kunikwa iingcebiso yangoku. Ngelo xesha linye kubaluleke kakhulu inikwa ukufunda iingxaki zophuhliso yenkcubeko yomfundi ngamnye.

nenqubo eyiyo

Abaninzi kwizikolo mihla cinga umfundi njengendlela apho ngumfuziselo ootitshala iinkqubo kunye nezicwangciso, kwiimeko ezininzi evunyiweyo, akunanto yakwenza omnye ngaye kokuba ziphunyezwe. Ngokungafaniyo kula maziko, umfundi ngaphakathi esikolweni sezifundo umelwe njengesifundo yophuhliso. Le nkqubo yokufunda isekelwe ekuhlonipheni ubuntu ngamnye ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakhe, izinto kunye neenjongo. Ngako oko, iimeko zokusingqongileyo akhiwa, banayo isiphumo eyinzuzo phezu komntwana. Indima ootitshala kwesi sikolo yehliswe kuphela ukulungiselela abafundi ubomi elizayo eluntwini, kodwa ukuba ngokupheleleyo siphila kwisigaba ngasinye yokukhula (ebuntwaneni, lokufikisa). Kwinqanaba ngalinye babenobuchule kuthathelwa umfundi akhawunti.

Indima utitshala lwangoku

Indlela esetyenziswa ngayo esikolweni humanistic, ngoku ngaphandle kwisakhiwo jikelele yemfundo kwilizwe lethu. Kuya kubakho ixesha elide phambi kokuba indlela ukusebenzisana baya kuva utshintsho olubalulekileyo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka uphawu katitshala. Ngaphakathi kwinkqubo iyonke, utitshala ngamnye unelungelo lokuba athathe amanyathelo ezijoliswe ekuphuhliseni umntwana ngokomoya. Ubuntu kufuneka utitshala wamisela umzekelo ububele, imfesane, kugwetywa yokuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle isiqinisekiso efunyenwe ulwazi eklasini kunxibelelwano ngemihla kunye izwe ngaphandle kunzima ukuqonda umfundi ufumene ulwazi. Ngoko ke, abantu ezingqongileyo, kubandakanywa abazali, ootitshala kufuneka bafundise umntwana ngokomoya neminqweno yakhe. Kulo mzekelo, i iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zobungcali katitshala. Mfundisi ngokusekelwe kulwazi ithiyori kwaye aluncedo akwazi ukunika umntwana ulwazi oluyimfuneko.

Imfundo kumagugu zabantu

Enye yezona ndlela othandwa kakhulu, nto leyo umseki VA Karakovsky, esekelwe kwiinqobo yabantu:

1. Umhlaba - isiseko ubomi zonke izinto eziphilayo.

2. Family - isangqa osenyongweni, kuba impembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso nobuntu.

3. Homeland unique kumntu ngamnye. Yahlulwe ngokubanzi (chaza) kunye ephantsi (area edge). inkqubo yokufunda ithatha indawo ekwimo ukufunda imbali ntsimi.

4. Umsebenzi obubonakala ngendlela ezahlukeneyo (ngokwasengqondweni, emzimbeni).

5. Inkcubeko, iintlobo zayo, iimpawu, ixabiso elo aze kuphuhliso loluntu.

6. umhlaba kunye nendawo mntu kulo.

Imfundo kwi nezifundo zenkcubeko indlela

Le nkqubo isekelwe phezu ulwazi izithethe. inkcubeko Jikelele ibonwa imveliso liphezulu eziveliswa uluntu. Izikhombisi eziphambili yokufunda ububanzi umfundi yombono, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi kunye neqondo yehlabathi lakhe. Isibaluli kuphuhliso uluntu oluphucukileyo ihlabathi wadala ngenkcubeko kudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. zokuphila umntu ngamnye kule kuluntu, ebonakala umsebenzi ngobuchule. Esikolweni, ukufunda uthatha nezimaphambili ezingundoqo kwenkcubeko:

1. senziwe ikhono lokunciphisa olu lwazi ukuqhubela ukusetyenziswa kwazo ebomini.

2. Ukuphuhlisa ubuchule ukusebenzisa olu lwazi ukwenza rhoqo lwabo into entsha.

3. Umntu efunda ukuba uyiphendule iziganeko kwihlabathi ngaphandle, ukuba akwazi ukuvakalisa indlela iimvakalelo zabo, ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu.

Imfundo kwizikolo Soviet

Mihla le nangenxa yokudodobala eluntwini yiSoviet, uphawu ngasekupheleni sha-70-80, ushiye uphawu yayo kwinkqubo yesikolo. Ukutyhubela zenzeka cwaka ibhaqwe iintsilelo iinkqubo zemfundo kunye nokuvuzwa ngamandla yenzekile phinda jikelele uvavanyo equation zoqeqesho lootitshala kunye nomsebenzi intsimbi zemfundo uhlobo olufanayo, omnye imigangatho yemfundo ilawulwe. ESoviet Union kwakukho ngesimbo ngegqudu kulawulo zokufundisa.

Yokuguqula inkqubo yemfundo

Iinguqu ezibalulekileyo kwinkalo yezemfundo kwi-USSR yaqala ngo-1986. Kwathi ngenxa yokuzalwa intsebenziswano pedagogy. ababhali zayo - nabafundisi-zimvo. Inkqubo yemfundo ekhoyo kweli xesha eziphelelwe lixesha. Kulo mba, utitshala yaqala ukuvela, ebesifuna ukuba wazisa kuyo ezinye ezintsha kunye nokuphuculwa. Oku kutshintshile nje kuphela kwinkqubo yokufundisa, kodwa ubuntu lukatitshala Ndizuze umgangatho omtsha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ezintsha kwinkqubo yokufunda akuzange kwenzeke ngo nayiphi na kummandla othile, kwaye ngexesha elinye kwizixeko ezininzi kunye imimandla yelizwe. Ngoko nangoko wamkela zonke iinkalo zemfundo, ukususela kwisikolo samabanga aphezulu. Kwiminyaka nje embalwa, izinto ezintsha ngokubanzi ifakiwe iingqimba ootitshala 'kwilizwe liphela. Kuye kube jikelele ikuyo. Abafundisi-izinto zaba abakubudala ezahlukeneyo. Omnye wootitshala abadumileyo owayesebenza ngelo xesha, ingqalelo SN Lysenkova, MP Schetinin, I. P. potter, VF Shatalov kunye nabanye. Ngokusekelwe kumava walo omkhulu ngokoqobo, baye liphuhlise inkqubo entsha ejolise ukutshintsha inkqubo iyonke esikolweni.

yokufunda entsha

VP Shatalov - utitshala kunye uvulindlela - ubona ukuba umsebenzi ephambili yenkqubo yokufunda ke umsebenzi wokufundisa. Xa abafundi kufuneka kuqala ukudala ixabiso le nkuthazo ukuba inkqubo yokufumana ulwazi, umdla womyeni wakhe, ukuba ukuchonga ngokomdla wabo neemfuno zabo, bazixhalabise umsebenzi wokufundisa uxanduva eziphumo zokuphela konyaka. Nguwe kuphela na ukusombulula ingxaki yesibini - zemfundo ulwazi. Eyona nkalo iphambili yenkqubo yokufunda yinkqubo Shatalov umbutho ecacileyo. Isifundo ngasinye isifundo abelwe inani elithile kubo bonke abafundi. Kolu phando Kwathi algorithm efanayo:

- kwinqanaba lokuqala kufuneka abe eneenkcukacha ingcaciso utitshala iyavumelana umxholo omtsha;

- kule igalelo okwesibini imiqondiso reference ngazo wanikwa isihloko ngaphambili efunda ngendlela zixinaniswe;

- wokwehla kwisigaba sesithathu kwenzeka reference ipowusta ubukhulu kumanqanaba sheets kunye ukufunda ngakumbi;

- sesine ziquka umsebenzi ngokuzimeleyo umfundi ekhaya textbooks sheets;

- inyathelo sesihlanu kwakuba ukuvelisa umqondiso reference izifundo ezilandelayo;

- kule umfundi yesithandathu wathi yiBhodi.

Injongo ephambili kwethiyori Shatalov yaba uphononongo lokuqala izinto yeengcingane, emva koko lo mkhuba. Loo nto inika umdla izigqibo ezifanayo ukulinga weza VV Davydov. VF Shatalov wayekholelwa ukuba familiarization kunye nezinto ezintsha kufuneka lusekelwe kulwazi ebaliwe ezifunyenweyo. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, abafundi baya kuba nakho ukubona umfanekiso yenkqubo phantsi ukufunda kwabo iyonke, hayi iyachithwa. Kulo mzekelo, impumelelo eya ikhula kuphuhliso imisonto ezinkulu abafumana ngesantya uphuhliso olukhawulezayo, kulandele likakade ezininzi.

kungenzeka umntwana

Indlela eyodwa umfundi abaqhuba utitshala-ngcungela Amonashvili. imfundiso yakhe ngokubonakala nokholo ubuchule zomntwana ngamnye. impendulo katitshala kufuneka ibe kuphela nemikhwa umsebenzi wakhe. Utitshala kufuneka naluphi na utyeshelo kuphuhliso somntwana kuthathwa ngenxa ngendlela engachanekanga yonke inkqubo yoqeqesho lwakhe. Ukungaphumeleli Umfundi Natural kufuneka zithathwe ngokuzola, abayi kufuneka ukuba sinikele ingqalelo. Kulo mzekelo, iqela umbono ephefumlelweyo ukukwazi ukoyisa zonke iingxaki ezihamba inkqubo yokufunda.

Uphuhliso self-umbono

E. N. ilin - umfundisi-ngcungela, utitshala iincwadi zemfundo, umqambi ezininzi izikhokelo. inkqubo yakhe zisekelwe kumgaqo yokufunda reverse kwisihloko esinikiweyo. Uncwadi njengesifundo, ngokutsho kwakhe, eqhuba umsebenzi kuqala yemfundo, yaye kuphela emva koko ngokwasengqondweni. Lo titshala-ngcungela ngaphandle iindlela zokufundisa, iindlela "zava", nto leyo eyinxalenye amathumba phantsi nokucengceleza ngokoqobo lwezihloko zeencwadi zezifundo. Endaweni yoko, ukuba sele zaziswa ukukhuthaza iindlela zoqeqesho olujoliswe ekufumaneni inxalenye intsingiselo umfundi; zokwazisa kunye nokuzihlola ukufunda. Uninzi lwezi ndlela uyalelwe ukuba ifuthe imisebenzi imeko yomntwana ngokweemvakalelo. A lot of ingqalelo yahlawulwa yokuziphatha, intetho utitshala eklasini. Le ngxoxo kufuneka ibhekiswe into yokuba, emva kokufunda imisebenzi ofundelwayo ithuba ukwenza izimvo zabo ulwazi olutsha. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana iphuhlisa ukwazi, kuya kuqalisa ukufunda iincwadi ezintsha. Ngale ndlela, ukufunda umfundi kuphela, kodwa utitshala wakhe.