Mesoderm - yinto siphu- amalungu amaninzi nezihlunu

Ontogeny nayiphi na into ephilayo luphawulwa ukuyilwa layers lwegciwane. Loo abangekaphuhli iintlobo zezilwanyana, ezifana coelenterates kunye iziponji kwahlelwa iquka iileya ezimbini kuphela: i endoderm kunye ectoderm. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iintlobo inkqubela ngakumbi eziphilayo, kukho intwana yesithathu iphepha - le mesoderm.

Yintoni mesoderm?

Ontogeny luphuhliso ezilandelelana ngayo ndiseyimbumba, nto leyo sikhatshwa inani lotshintsho kwi morphology kunye nokwakheka kumzimba abatsha elizayo. Mesoderm - na igqabi osandul, nto leyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuyilwa amalungu amaninzi kunye namalaphu. Ezinjalo izilwanyana abangekaphuhli multicellular ezifana hydra, jellyfish, neekorale okanye iziponji akukho nto kuthiwa bilayer izilwanyana, t. To. Xa le nkqubo ontogenesis ziye kwasekwa layers intsholongwane ezimbini kuphela.

mesoderm ukwakheka

Inkqubo ukubeka intsholongwane umaleko ophakathi kumaqela ahlukeneyo taxonomic wahlukile. Kukho ezintathu indlela eyaziwa kakhulu kakuhle apho mesoderm ukuyilwa le teloblastichesky, kunye ectodermal enterocoel.

1. Teloblastichesky mesoderm yophuhliso indlela okufana protostomes ezininzi izilwanyana, kwaye zisekelwe phezu ekubunjweni blastomeres. Abanye babo zibanga ekubekeni intsholongwane umaleko eliphakathi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kuthatha uhlobo oonotsheluza ezimbini longitudinal ngaxeshanye. Ezi iitheyiphu enokwenza ukuba mesoderm.
2. indlela enterocoel eyahlukileyo ngokwesiseko ukuba iiseli siphu- le mesoderm zenze intussusception (invagination) kunye endoderm. Le invagination yenza emathunjini iphambili kwixesha elizayo. Umda phakathi amaphepha amabini elide kuhlala indiscernible, yaye kuphela emva kwexesha elide mesoderm lekhefu njenge umaleko eyahlukileyo detaches ukusuka endoderm. Le ndlela uphuhliso uphawu izilwanyana ezifana lancelet okanye ezizinkwenkwezi.

3. Indlela mesodermal ectodermal babe ezi ntlobo zezilwanyana, ezifana ezirhubuluzayo, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo (kubandakanywa mntu). Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kuphela endoderm luqokelelane emva invagination. Ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni umfanekiso umbungu kwimeko, uya emva gastrulation (ukubunjwa invaginations of) kuvela isithuba phakathi ento- kunye ectoderm. Kukho ne "adubule" of ectodermal ngemvelaphi iiseli ezikhokelela umaleko elitsha mbungu.

Le morphology le mesoderm

A indima enkulu ekubunjweni edlalwa umbungu mesoderm. Le yokuzivelela uphawu eziphilayo elungileyo, kuba umahluko morphology kwegqabi osandul aphakathi ezahlukeneyo kumaqela ezilwanyana asetyenziswe systematics.

Xa siqwalasela eentsontelo zombini longitudinal, leyo akhiwa imo teloblasticheskom yophuhliso, le mesoderm kuya kuthiwa thaca amacandelo metamerically phindo. Icala amaphiko ibhanti nganye yahlulwe somites, kwicala - on nephrotomy kunye esiswini - on splanchnotome.

Yiyiphi indima le mesoderm? amalungu oLuntu wabumba ukusuka mesoderm

Umaleko nucleation nganye luhlobo siphu- iinkqubo omzimba kunye kwizihlunu kokuphilayo elizayo. Ithopholoji ngokwakha amaphepha kakhulu imisela nakwizibetho zabo. Ekubeni mesoderm -. Ingaba ngumlinganiselo umaleko imbewu, oko ebandakanyekileyo ekubunjweni ancedisana amalungu, ezithi zibekwe phakathi kumaqweqwe zomntu kunye ungqameko ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Zeziphi izigqeba na imvelaphi mesodermal?

1. nokuqina ijwabu Ukwakheka nje enye iiseli mesoderm. Eli laphu i umda phakathi maleko nomphandle wocango phantse naliphi na iziko kwesilwanyana.
2. inkqubo Musculoskeletal equka inkqubo skeleton kunye izihlunu kananjalo mesodermal imvelaphi. Apha esinayo engqondweni kungekuphela izihlunu skeletal kodwa izihlunu eludongeni kwemithambo yegazi, intliziyo kunye nezinye izigqeba zangaphakathi kunye nezakhiwo. Amathambo emelwe ebantwini kakhulu izihlunu ithambo, kwaye kancane - of intlala kwithishyu. Xa kuziwa chordates, kwibakala osandul, nto leyo ukuyilwa kuvuka, umntu kufuneka ukubhidanisa imvelaphi yesakhiwo yezihlunu yomqolo. Ukuba yokugqibela kunjalo imvelaphi mesodermal, lo Isingqi - ke ekupheliseni emathunjini, nto leyo ethetha ukuba imvelaphi yayo ohlobene endoderm.
3. Iinkqubo ezeSondo excretory kwakhona ukusuka mesoderm. Ba ku chordates ezininzi ezinxulumene omnye komnye, yaye ke ngoko, akhiwa intsholongwane umaleko efanayo.
4. imvelaphi Mesodermal unenkqubo kwegazi. Njengokuba izitya intliziyo negazi akhiwa kwiiseli ze intsholongwane umaleko eliphakathi.

isiphelo

Mesoderm - sisigqeba entsonkothileyo kwi isakhiwo umbungu ukuba ekugqibeleni bangela ukuba amalungu amaninzi ebalulekileyo kunye namalaphu. amaqela ahlukeneyo taxonomic zezilwanyana, lokuqulunqa nokuphuhlisa kwegqabi eliphakathi ezahlukeneyo, yaye le yenye yeempawu yendaleko. Ubukho lamanqaku mesoderm ukuba isilwanyana umaleko emithathu-oko kukuthi uphawu olomeleleyo amaqela eliphambili.