Kwakutheni ukuze lo mzi wafuna ukuzikhulula amandla abo bamphetheyo? imizi Ukulwa nabantu abadala

Ukuqalisa ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11 eYurophu kuba inkqubo esebenzayo ezidolophini. Noko ke, njengoko kwagqitywa bamsinekela, "akukho mhlaba ngaphandle nkosi", kwaye ukusukela nje kwixesha wesiseko balo mzi medieval kuba zizisulu izinduna, nabemi bawo kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukubeka up kunye nalwazelelelo kwabo. Le meko yaba umthwalo labemi. Ngoko ke, de safika ezininzi amaxwebhu embali, echaza umzabalazo kwezixeko kunye izinduna. Ngoko ke yintoni na iingxabano ezazisenzeka kumaXesha Aphakathi eYurophu phakathi kwabemi kunye nabanini ezinkulu, nendlela yaphela?

imiqathango yoqoqosho ukuvela imizi

Xa ixesha kumaXesha Aphakathi ekuqaleni ezimbalwa lokusinda izixeko aseRoma amandulo umiwe ngabantu abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo, khon 'ukuze nkqu kwiindawo kanye ohlayo kunye neendawo ezisetyenziswa luluntu, kulinywa zaguqulwa ukuze bakwazi ukulima. Noko ke, ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11 emva kwexesha, uphuhliso kobuchwepheshe kukhokelele kuphuhliso bezandla njengesebe omtsha owahlukileyo kwezolimo. Ngelo xesha, abantu abo uvumo efanayo, baqalisa ukuhlala kunye, kuba ngale ndlela iqinisekisa imveliso ephakamileyo, yaye ngenxa yoko iinzuzo ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, kwakukho namadlelo unokwakhela yokuqala, leyo kuqwalaselwa iminyanya imizi mveliso mihla, sithulwe elilandelayo baqalisa ukwakha izindlu zabo kunye nabathengi. Emva iimveliso zamagcisa ezifunekayo ukuphumeza, kwaye nokufika mali simahla akhulile kwaye izinto ezingekhoyo aveliswa kwelo lizwe iimfuno zabo.

Imvelaphi ungquzulwano phakathi yeenkosi abanikazi

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ukuvela kukho inani elikhulu izixeko kumaXesha Aphakathi ngokuyintloko ngenxa yeemeko yezoqoqosho. Ngokukodwa, kuba negalelo kuphuhliso imveliso kunye norhwebo. Ngokubanzi kuthathwe ukubonisa ukwenzeka kwezi zenzeko zilandelayo izixeko kwi zangaphambili zokuhlala aseRoma malunga iinqaba iinqaba, godlo ngeenxa zonke. Ngaphezu koko, badla kwakheka zisekelwe posads unokwakhela abamele uluntu zilungelelaniswe kakuhle. Ngaphezu koko, kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi kuzo zonke iindawo ezifanayo abo benza kwezolimo, kweli wegcuntswana. Kodwa nasiphi na isixeko wema phezu emhlabeni, kwaye phantse yonke indawo ye-Western, yaye inxalenye lwaseMpuma Yurophu yaba ookumkani aphakathi okanye izinduna. Ngoko ke, bonke baloo dolophu ngokwabo phantsi kolawulo senkosi feudal. Yaye ekuqaleni Senor, njengoko umthetho, wazama ngandlela zonke ukukhuthaza yokufika labemi, sicinga abo baphila kumhlaba lakhe njengomthombo yengeniso ngokuthe ngcembe.

Kwakutheni ukuze lo mzi wafuna ukuzikhulula amandla abo bamphetheyo?

Ngokukhula-ntle yabantu abahlala kwizixeko luye lukhule kunye namabango izinduna. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu rhoqo emva kokuba abahlali "emilayo 'kwindawo entsha, kwaye bona kunye indawo, leyo abayi afune ukuhamba. Okokuqala, oko kubonakala ngokwanda rhoqo zerhafu ukuba abeke yaqala ngokoqobo kulo lonke. Ukongeza, ezi Oonobhala benkundla badla abadala ngokwabo, "uthabathe inyathelo 'ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa abo. Kwakhona kwenziwa inkqubo izohlwayo, leyo kohlwaywa xa esophula ezingephi, kunye nokuqokelelwa imirhumo umsebenzi walo okanye hlobo msebenzi. Idla Kwathi, ukuze uNdikhoyo nje wathimba abo kuye, ukuba uyandithanda naye.

Ngaloo ndlela, esona sizathu siphambili sokuba esi sixeko efuna ukuzikhulula amandla abo bamphetheyo, uye olungenazo ngokunxulumene kubemi. Ukongeza, ukuba negalelo ekuqondeni ukuba ukuxhomekeka feudal abangaphangeliyo ekukhuleni nobutyebi babo.

imizi Ukulwa nabantu abadala

Uninzi lwabantu balapho ekuqaleni baba servitors inkosi neyabalimi, ogama izinyanya ebesoloko bahlala kwezi ndawo. Kwakhona yeenkosi kakuhle avunyelwe ukuba ahlale emizini yabo ndithi abalimi ubalekile iinkosi zangaphambili ngenxa yokuba imali yabo ixhomekeke ngqo kwinani labahlali. Xa izandla kankosi wabhokoxa onke amandla. Ukongeza, ngenxa abalimi zangaphambili emizini baqalisa ukuba amasiko eziziimpawu kwisixhobo zoluntu, kuba kwixesha elizayo nempembelelo enkulu phezu ukuyilwa amalungu karhulumente zikamasipala.

Umnqweno kaNdikhoyo feudal ukuze ufumane imali eninzi kuba kwakhokelela ekubeni kwamagcisa kunye nabarhwebi bafuna ukuba ukuzikhulula ngamandla kaNdikhoyo, ekubeni rhoqo yaba kujoliswe ukuphanga. Ngoko ke kwavela Thethani kumaxesha, ngenjongo inkululeko imizi. Ekuqaleni, baloo dolophu wawalwela ukuncitshiswa iirhafu amalungelo zorhwebo, kodwa kamva baqala ukubeka iimfuno phambili kakhulu ngakumbi kwezopolitiko. Ngokukodwa, uninzi lwawo ukuba labemi ezisezidolophini ilungelo self-government. Ngoko, xa ucinga imbali kumaXesha Aphakathi, imizi bazamazamana izinduna ayikho indawo yokugqibela kuyo. Eyona elikhethekileyo intshukumo kamasipala yaba zayo, njengoko lwenziwe ngokuchasene umntu othile, kodwa akazange kuchaphazela laphu lwentlalo.

iziphumo yokulwa

Kukho iimeko apho kuloo dolophu wafumana amalungelo athile, ukuthenga kubo abadala imali. Ngaphezu koko, le mali kweli cala likhulu kangangokuba ngaphezulu ingeniso evela neentlawulo zezohlwayo kwiminyaka ezayo. Kodwa ke inkoliso mzi waba simahla, t. E. A akwazi ukuzilawula, kodwa ngenxa yeminyaka emininzi omzabalazo, ngokufuthi sixhobe, nto leyo edla aphazamise abalawuli kunye nookumkani, babe ngabagwebi abaziintloko. Ukuba ngenxa imfazwe phakathi kwabahlali kunye inkosi inkosi abangafumani loyiso, yena ufekethe Uchitha nxaxheba lixakeke yezithuthi kamasipala kunye nasekuphangeni some.

Njengoko inkqubo inkululeko isixeko baphuma phantsi abadala abasemagunyeni kumazwe ahlukeneyo?

Kwimeko nganye yaseYurophu ithi feudal of Thethani aphakathi waba awohluke alo. Inyaniso kukuba isizathu sokuba esi sixeko efuna ukuzikhulula izikhulu amandla, coinciding ngokubanzi, kwaye kufuneka kujonge izinto ezithile.

Ngoko ke, kumazantsi eFransi, akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba self-government waya kakuhle kwaye ngaphandle kwegazi. Ke Italy, kwabakho umzi-wezwe namandla zigqithiswe abefundisi.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba kutheni esi sixeko efuna ukuzikhulula ngamandla bamphetheyo nendlela kwaba ukubunjwa oorhulumente bengingqi kwiidolophu ezinkulu Mandulo Europe.