Day of Memory ye Idabi Kulikov - September 21

Russia elidluleyo, Leyo inkulu ibalulekileyo. Indlela ukubulela kwizinyanya ukuze kwakhiwe uhlanga olunye ngoSeptemba 21 lonke eli lizwe kubhiyozelwa uloyiso Dmitriya Donskogo umama.

Izizathu linye nokunyuka

A indima enkulu kwimbali inkcaso Russian anikwe nguDmitry Donskoy kunye Mamaia. Usuku Memorial lubhiyozelwa minyaka le Kulikov edabini ngqo nesiza edabini. Lo mhla kubalulekile, enyanisweni kwakhokelela ukukhululwa kwidyokhwe loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene, wahlanganisa ilizwe Russian, ebumba isizwe esisodwa.

Isizathu sokuba imfazwe yaba kukwanda impembelelo namandla ubulawuli eMoscow. It has inkqubo amaqhekeza uye wasebenza iminyaka kwi AmaTatar ngesandla. Ukuze kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe kwakufuneka siganeko sibaluleke kangaka. Kungekudala, lo wafunyanwa.

Sibona amandla alo ka I Dmitri Ivanovich (kamva Donskoi) ngo-1374 waphula isivumelwano kunye hlokondiba yaye akafuni ukwandisa lerhafu.

Imini Inkumbulo Idabi Kulikov kwi Russian Federation - na ulwazi buqu ukuba abantu abangatshatanga Russian.

Ukufuna Allied

Eminye imicimbi phambili ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Abachasi ndizuze abahlobo abatsha. Ngoko ke, kwicala anayo uBukumkani Lithuania. Kodwa ke amandla utshaba ayikho bayazoyika baseRashiya. It wahlanganiselwa umkhosi, nto leyo ekhokelwa iinjengele ezibalaseleyo kunye strategists.

Mamai wayelungiselela ukuba uhlaselo, kodwa idabi ezingephi, ezifana Vozha River River ngo-1378, buthathaka nomkhosi wakhe. A ekhubekisayo full-scale osoloko elinye ixesha.

Iingxaki wavuka nje kuphela Khan. EMoscow prince awabulala inkxaso. Ekusincedeni kwakhe phantsi yaseTver. Ryazan wadlala indima ezimbini. Prince Oleg inkxaso Mamaia, kodwa wathetha malunga nezicwangciso yezinye abathetheli Tartars.

Don wema ecaleni Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal ulawulo, kunye ESmolensk. Phantsi kwesikhokelo iinkokeli sobukhalipha wamajoni edabini ngenkalipho wahamba amawaka abantu abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngosuku lokukhumbula Idabi Kulikov eRashiya - ngumbiyozo wonke ngokuthanda uhlanga lowo ukulungele ukuthethelela kwilizwe lawo kubahlaseli.

Ikhosi ye edabini odumileyo

NgoSeptemba 7, 1380 abantu aya emlanjeni Don. Iindawo apho umlo wathabatha indawo, ukuba zombini pluses kunye minuses. Unalungelo lini na ukuba Mongols ukuba wehlile kakhulu amandla, kuqubha emlanjeni. Abaphumeleli - ukuba angasemva yavulekela abaxhasi Mamaia ngubani zinokuvela nakwesiphi na umzuzu. Isigqibo Lightning senziwa: squad wawela Don kunye kwo ezaphukileyo.

Zonke iimpawu yaphawula uloyiso. Oku waphefumlela amajoni. Oko kwakuthetha lukhulu kubo kunye nesenzo nenkalipho yesibhovubhovu. Yena enxibe isikrweqe ithafa negxalaba babe yamanyama kunye namanye kwi shelf enkulu.

Real baqalisa ngentsasa elandelayo. Yaba Septemba 8 - USuku Ukukhunjulwa le Kulikov edabini. Ngokufutshane chaza indlela le uhlela kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: imikhosi ziye zakhiwa kwinkqubo yamandulo. Yena waqondisa webutho, enempi enkulu, apho kanzulu amandla ephambili. On ngesandla asekhohlo nasekunene bema ukuba elinye iqela amajoni. Inxalenye yesine bempi behleli elalele.

Hlokondiba wazama ukwaphula ngasekhohlo webutho, kodwa ziyabanceda amajoni nangoku ezimela ehlathini. Broken unoloyiko AmaTatar (uwahlasele ibonisa ixesha ngalinye ngamandla ngaphezulu) wayekholelwa ukuba uThixo wabafulathela kubo. Gcwalisa ahlula fanele ku eMoscow.

Yesiphoso njengogqubutheleyo lo mhla

Kangangexesha elide kwakhe ngukumkani zolotaya Orda emazweni Russian. Kodwa phakathi kwenkulungwane XIV, ngamandla Khans baqala ukuncipha. Incopho ekubulaleni kwi entsimini Kulikovo. Iziganeko oko kwatshintsha imbali, kwenzeka ngo-1380. Ukususela ngehlobo lika Mamai wayelungiselela imfazwe. Septemba 8 la macala mabini ahlangana. Ndaphumelela i Don. Kamva, le iziganeko ezichazwe yeziKronike. Kodwa ukuba idabi yaqala ngoSeptemba 8, kutheni namhlanje babhiyozela uSuku Ukukhunjulwa le Kulikov alwe September 21?

Impendulo elula. Chroniclers waphawula ukuba umlo kwenzeka Yokuzalwa of the Virgin (ngoku 21.09), ezifomatayo omdala ngoSeptemba 8 (ngokutsho kwi khalenda Julian). Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukubona ukuba uzuko basigcine yasemkhosini kufuneka ukuba ube ngumhla we-16. Ngapha koko, iintsuku 8 sidityaniswe kwi uguqulelo imihla isimbo endala. Kodwa abaphandi wenze impazamo. Ke wongezelela kwiintsuku eziyi-13, kukhokelwa imithetho zeCawa Orthodox. Ukusuka oku kucacile ukuba uloyiso yokwenene ngomhla - 16 Septemba.

Umsunguli le lolondolozo lwembali

Enye ezinomtsalane inkcubeko Russian - State Museum Reserve "Kulikovo Field", okuye kwimizuzwana. Monastyrshchino ummandla Tula. Le ise evulekileyo. iindwendwe Ubuninzi kuthatha ngoSeptemba. Ke intsimi iguqulelwa ukulwa ebaleni. main osemqoka Its - ukwenza kumabala emidlalo.

Imbali esiku kwemihla lwembali ngasemva amaxesha pre-eSoviet. Collection waqala ukuqokelela Stepan Nechaev, kamva owabizwa ngokuba mbali yokuqala kunye entsimini zakudala. Lo mntu, ibhekisela kwirekhodi, kuchongwa indawo achaza maxesha. Intsimi waba lilifa layo. Sinokuthi Nechayev uyise kunye owaseka Museum yale holide njengoko Usuku Battle of Kulikov. Photo umqalisi, awasimisayo ingxaki yokukhangela Mamay inokubonwa zonke iincwadi zembali.

Ngoku ke museum kudibanisa aziwayo ezininzi. One of them - Church of Sergiya Radonezhskogo, nto leyo luphawulwa lomculo bokwakha yemveli. Le wemimangaliso kunye lobulumko wamsikelela Don ukuya emfazweni. Enye ikhonkco - ezintsokothileyo kwilali Monastyrshchina apho kuthiwa kungcwatywa amajoni abafileyo.

Buyela ledabi

AmaRashiya bayazingca imbali yawo. Ngoko ke, nyaka ngamnye entsimini, abambe umlo phakathi Dmitriem Donskim nonina, iintlanganiso abaninzi, eyaziwa ngokuba umthendeleko "Kulikovo Field". Yamkela abalandeli amabali kummandla Tula. Ukuzama ukwenza ngokupheleleyo ibonisa ixesha Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunye eMoscow Russia. Imini Ukukhunjulwa le Kulikov imfazwe le yingxenye Russia yanamhlanje iba ezweni ephakathi.

Qho ngonyaka isicwangciso mnyhadala luhlaziywe. Kodwa ngokwemveli lo mbhiyozo iqala inkonzo ecaweni Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

Waqala emkhosini ngowe-1997 kwaye iye ukususela ingenziwanga ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Apho ukubhiyozela uloyiso phezu Mamai?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba le myuziyam asinto nje entertains kodwa ifundisa. House of Battle of Kulikov ihlela emthendelekweni ngendlela sigqithile iimvakatjhi kakhulu elidlulileyo enkulu. Lo mcimbi inkqubo ebanzi. Amakhulu amadoda, aye wafunda ngamachule okulwa imfazwe, lokukhuphisana yobuciko. kukhuphisana ezahlukeneyo isikrweqe ilungileyo, nesinxibo kunye nezixhobo ze ixesha. Babonisa abatoli izakhono zabo, fencers. Kwenzeka jousting lemidlalo.

Nceda ubone umoya kwenkulungwane XIV ihashe ulwa lungquzulwano nomkhosi kunye nokulwa imazi vigilantes Russian namahlakani. Ngokuba ababukeli usoloko kuvulwa ngokungenasheyi, nto leyo ikushiye aways kwemfuneko. Ukongeza, ungatyelela iqela leembizo. EliSebenzayo ekhishini endle.

Festival - oku yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo tirhisa Memorial Day Kulikov edabini. okuvelayo ezithembisayo mood amnandi alunakuqinisekiswa.

Intsomi yommandla Tula

imithombo abaninzi bathi ukuba intlanganiso yomkhosi ezimbini kwenzeka phakathi imilambo Don kunye Nepryadva. Kodwa ukongeza usebenzo obelisk-akukho nto apho. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zindawo ngemoto zokungqinga, iitempile nezigodlo. archeologists umsebenzi nayo akuphumelelanga. Kuba abaninzi eminyaka yokomba safumana kuphela buqinisekisa ezimbalwa ingcamango ukuba ukho kule ndawo kwenzeka idabi odumileyo. Kodwa ke akukho likhulu ekhulwini ngalinye ubungqina. Yotolo akwazi kuba abazingeli uze ulithumele eminyaka nangaphezulu ezimbini ukusuka kwiziganeko. Found amangcwaba iintshaba.

Xa Day Memorial lubhiyozelwa Idabi Kulikov, wonke umntu uyazi, kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba kukho amaxwebhu ezingqina ukuba kwisithili Kimovsk, ummandla Tula kude ekubulaleni Mamaia.

ISikhumbuzo Kulishki

Izazinzulu baye bafumana eziliqela ezingekho mgceni ingcaciso. Umzekelo, ukunqongophala kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo evakalayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: zonke izixhobo zaye zasuswa apho edabini, kuba imali eninzi kwaye kunqabile. Kodwa kukho ezininzi izibakala esingenakucaciswa.

Kwakukho ezininzi iingcamango ekhala. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokwale kuguqulelo mnye, idabi senzeka kummandla eMoscow yanamhlanje. Ummandla imali iye Kulishki ukuba kwiminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu eyadlulayo kwakukho intsimi enkulu. Don kusetyenziselwa ukubiza yonke imilambo emikhulu, kuquka River eMoscow. Enye ndawo yaba kwilali Naprudnom apho umfula ugeleza, nenokuthi ukunika igama Nepryadva. Kukho kumi Church of All Saints, eMoscow, eyasungulwa Don ukuba ukukhumbula amajoni owafayo Septemba 8, 1380. Ngoko ke, oko kwindawo engalunganga, ungenza kuphawula uSuku Lokukhunjulwa Idabi Kulikov.