Kutheni Ivan Grozny ngokubulala unyana wakhe Ivan? Ngaba Ivan Grozny ngokubulala unyana wakhe?

Ezi zindlu lobukhosi Julayi 3, 1583 kwathi elinye macala kunazo zonke yaye phaku kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Unyana ka-Ivan labangcangcazelisi, Ivan Ivanovich, wabulawa nguyise wakhe. Xa kufanelekile komsindo ukumkani susumetiwa inzala yabo abe amandla abasebenzi etempileni. Hit waba ngqo kwaye womelele - isikhulu isithsaba wafela kuloo ndawo. Okumangalisayo abulawe, unyana ka-Ivan Grozny! Eyona omthandayo, abadala, omnye apho amathemba enkulu, kuba wesibini inzala yakhe, uTheodore, ukuze alawule eli lizwe Ndandingekakulungeli ukuqala.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka engaphezu kwemine anamanci mahlanu elidluleyo imbali yimimango amavo ezininzi, wabeka phambili ngendlela eyahlukileyo oko kwenzekayo. It nangoku Ukuseta umhla ngqo kokufa Crown Prince. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba loo ntlekele yenzeke emva ngo-1581, ngoNovemba, abanye umnxeba 1582, kwaye wesithathu, uninzi, sekunjalo zilandele ngqo lo mhla ka Julayi 3, 1583. Ubukhulu becala, amanani awabalulekanga kunjalo, umsebenzi ophambili - ukuqonda isizathu sokuba Ivan Grozny ngokubulala unyana wakhe, yaye ukuba uthe wambulala konke? Zama ukuqonda.

Inguqulo yokuqala. zepolitiki

UNikolai Karamzin e 'History' yakhe wabhengeza ukuba isikhubekiso phakathi koyise nonyana waba ngumpolitiki. Ezaliswe amanene inzondelelo prince isithsaba bafika abazali babefuna nokukhululwa Pskov, ukuze amgxothe utshaba, ukubuyisela nembeko yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Enomsindo, uYohane wadanduluka ukuba unyana wakhe kunye izinduna bafuna ukususa kuye, waphakamisa isandla sakhe. Wazama ukugcina Boris Godunov, kodwa ke ukumkani ukuba intonga yakhe elibukhali wambetha lakomkhulu amanxeba eziliqela, waza walivala nentloko Crown Prince. , Wawa, Bathiwe wambu igazi. Ukufa Ivan - unyana Ivana Groznogo - nje ngephanyazo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba inguqulo Karamzin ingqalelo uyinyaniso, ekuqaleni iqhutywe Antonio Possevino, inxusa kapopu, owathi, Kuyavunywa ukuba, ukuba, ukuba elona ngqina anomdla, ayikho ncam ezimeleyo. Ngoko ke, ukuchaneka kwale ngxelo imibuzo, ingakumbi ekubeni kungekho bungqina enye kuwo ayiqinisekiswanga. Ngoko kutheni Ivan Grozny ngokubulala unyana wakhe? Yiya phambili.

Inguqulo yesibini. yemihla ngemihla

Kuphela ngokusemthethweni ukumkani John V. wayetshatile amaxesha ubuncinane ezisixhenxe. Njengoko usazi, apple iwela emthini ekufutshane. Ngoko ke prince isithsaba abaselula uyise bazama ukugcina up. Umfazi wakhe wokuqala intombi Saburova Eudoxia Bogdanova, emva komtshato aluphumelelanga, waye ngenkani tonsured abe ngunongendi. umfazi wesibini, Feodosiyu Mihaylovu, Solovova intombi, ubunzima bebonke isiphelo sinye - ubomi bakhe yena bagqiba eMonastri. Ngo-1583 Ivan wayetshate intombi yomncinane yabazalwana Sheremetyevo, Elena. Ngenye intsasa, uJohn V. wabona umfazi abamithiyo Crown Prince yefom engafanelekanga: ibhanti yena akazange libotshelelwe phezulu, yaye uye avulekela ukuba umfazi otshatileyo ayikho ngci. Ukumkani, waba noburhalarhume ngempama isibini imivimbo ntombi elungileyo. UHelen wawa kwaye betha, yaye baye balahlekelwa ikamva umntwana ebusuku. Emva koko prince isithsaba wabaleka waya egumbini waza waqala ukuyidubula uyise, wema ngenxa umfazi wakhe; kuba bekunjalo abasebenzi etempileni. Kubonakala, yiyo lonto Ivan Grozny wambulala unyana wakhe! Noko ke, apha akucaci. Umbhali wale nguqulelo wakhonza zonke efanayo Antonio Possevino, nto leyo yingenelo ezenza umlawuli synoubiytsey nakhohlakeleyo ukuze baxhase yaseYurophu Yokuncina. Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye?

Inguqulo wesithathu. uthando

I-Russian Tsar wayelambile kakhulu oyinkazana kunye, ngobungqina, akukho isondo enye ephosiweyo. Ngenye imini ethile kwiiwadi, wadibana uHelen, umfazi Tsarevich Ivan, oko sele bathi, waza waqalisa ukunyanzela ukuba zihlale. Akwaziwa nokuba ekugqibeleni waba uYohane V. snohachom (eRashiya kudala ukususela Ambiza ngoko okwesibini umntu ekwabelwana umfazi nonyana wayo), kodwa ke inkosazana oselula wathi kwindoda yakhe malunga gadalala, waza wagqiba ekubeni ukufumana ubudlelwane kunye noyise. Oko konke, siyazi. Unyana Ivana Groznogo, Ivan, bawa kwitempile nokunye, kunye nomfazi wakhe emva kwexesha elithile, wathunyelwa eMonastri. Kodwa ngaba bonke ngenene kwenzeka?

Inguqulo wesine. sizigxeke

Ababhali-mbali ababehlala kakhulu kamva, Ivan Vasilyevich kunye nonyana wakhe, iingcinga: "Kodwa ukuba Ivan Grozny ngokubulala unyana wakhe?" Mhlawumbi nje ilejendi umdla? Ngamanye amazwi, disinformation nokuhleba? Eneneni, ngalo mzuzwana lo synoubiystva into ebangela amathandabuzo enkulu. Ukuze siqonde ukuba kutheni kuyimfuneko ukuba bathandabuze, vula ukuya data 1883-1885 - ixesha, xa wabarhola phantsi kwesandla wegcisa odumileyo Russian Ili Repina yaba umsebenzi wobugcisa "Ivan abangcangcazelisi noNyana wakhe November 16, 1581".

Ukupeyinta "Ivan Grozny ibulala unyana wakhe"

Yaba phantsi eli gama kwazeka kuwo womzobo jikelele zoluntu, nto leyo ebonisa indlela Russian Tsar Tsarevich wambetha kubethwa sibulawe. Emethini ebomvu igutyungelwe kunye neepateni izithunzi Chambers ilala kufuphi kwetrone aphoswe intonga yabhukuqa, nasemagumbini ngentliziyo, amanani amabini uyise enakhanyiselwa ngayo, ababulalayo kuphela ofanele angry noqhekeko, kunye nonyana ofayo ezingalweni zakhe. Lithemba, uthando olukhulu kunye nobuso kukududuzela ubonisa Ivan Vasilyevich, yena bamfuna Uwole Crown Prince, ukuzama ukunqanda ukopha ngokubamba inxeba phezu kwentloko yakhe, kunye nonyana, uyise ukuxolela alele kuyo esifubeni sakhe. Saka ukumkani imbonakalo kunye neempawu okuphinde ye ukubukeka yadubadubeka zabo ngaxeshanye ayinyamezeleki kunye eyoyikisayo. ubuso Ivan xa kuthelekiswa nayo ngakumbi "siphila", ephefumlelwe, kwaye nokonwabela. Uxolo ubawo Wawuzalisa ngokulungileyo Crown Prince, uvakalelwa nemvo ukuxolela, oko kuphakamisa kuye ngaphezu kwazo zonke iinkanuko abangaphuhlanga anibufanele womntu, nto leyo eyaba unobangela wokufa kwakhe, ekulihlambululeni kwakhe umphefumlo. Loo nto ibonisa kumzobo "Ivan Grozny ubulala unyana wakhe."

Nxi imveliso Repin

Ngoku le web lugcinwe eMoscow, le Tretyakov Gallery. Iqela lamatsha Orthodox kunye mbali ngo-2013 ukuba uyisuse apho, ekubeni siyamcaphukisa iimvakalelo wokuthand le baseRashiya. Isicelo sakhatywa. Ndimele ndithi, le ukuhlaselwa lokuqala womzobo. Xa ithiwe thaca kwi-oluntu umboniso ohambayo 13 kuqala, yonke St. Petersburg agog. Abaphulaphuli ngokoqobo ungqingwe isakhiwo apho womzobo ivalile. Ngaba Kwiingxoxo ezishushu: izilumko kunye nolutsha okuqhubekayo imangaliseke ngokukhawuleza, ngoxa abanye Petersburgers abacaphukayo: "U nga swi kombisa synoubiystvo" Phakathi kwabo abasebenza akazange ayithande le UMlawuli Alexander III, ngenxa ka-Aprili 1, 1885 kwathiwa ngokuqamba show. Kwaba umfanekiso lokuqala uye kwi-Russian uBukhosi zazihlolisiswa. Noko ke, emva kweenyanga ezintathu ngokucelwa kufutshane inkundla A. Bogolyubov komsebenzi.

Kwaye ingaba kubulawa?

Kulo mboniso efanayo eSt Petersburg ngowe-1885 painting "Ivan Grozny ibulala unyana wakhe" bambona lo njengomntwana onengqondo obalaseleyo Russian kunye lokusayina oyintloko Sinodi oyiNgcwele, uKonstantin Pobedonostsev. Yena wanoburhalarhume yi ibali lakhe, ngokuba, ngokwembono yakhe, fiction wegqitha kude njengenyani. Pobedonostsev wabhalela ku Alexander III ileta apho wathi lo msebenzi wobugcisa ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba yimbali kuba amelwe okwangoku nje kumnandi. Njani oko? We Wayesoloko ethetha ukubulawa Tsarevich Ivan Vasilyevich John ibe inyani, nkqu iincwadi zesikolo ebhaliweyo malunga oku umzekelo inkohlakalo owahlukileyo Russian lobuzwilakhe. Hayi kude kube sekupheleni kwacaca nje kutheni Ivan Grozny ngokubulala unyana wakhe. Njani yonke le nkcazelo yeyela iincwadi zembali, akukho mntu wacinga.

esimangalisayo

Ngowe-1913, kwakukho into engaqhelekanga kwi Tretyakov Igalari. Xa Imizobo wabheka Ili Repina "Ivan abangcangcazelisi noNyana wakhe November 16, 1581" opeyintayo Abram Balashov akhwaza: "! Igazi elininzi kakhulu" Wandula ke ugxeke yafaka imela ziintlanga kuyo. Ngoko nangoko Repin wafika eMoscow kunye Igorem Grabarem, umfundi wakhe owayesakuba kubuhlaziya edumileyo, ukuba yakhiwe. Kumaphephandaba uye wazama umzobo safumana impendulo ebanzi nokuba amalungiselelo mpikiswano kwi kumxholo wendlela eziqhelekileyo abantu libhekisela kumfanekiso abantu abathile zasebukhosini. Repin ngesiquphe emangalelwa ngabom ingqondo abantu sohlaselo kwaye ngokungaqondi le meko eyaqala ngo eRashiya. Umzobi wadideka yaye ndidimazekile kakhulu. Yena ukuba acaphuke kwaye wagqiba ukushiya eMoscow, awusoze kufika kulo mzi.

Ukusuka apho wafela Tsarevich?

Metropolitan Ladoga ne St Petersburg, uYohane, kwincwadi yakhe "lobuzwilakhe uMoya" Wakhanyela ukubulawa waza wathi ukufa unyana Ivana Groznogo weza ngenxa yokugula kakhulu. Eneneni, kumaxwebhu walondoloza zembali lizwi malunga synoubiystve. Kodwa wachaza izinto ezininzi, esiqinisekisa ukuba prince isithsaba ufile ngenxa yityhefu. B. Manyagin kumsebenzi wakhe ukususela ngo-2003, "Inkokheli Church nenkani" wabhala ukuba Ivan wadliswa kunye sublimate bako - iyityhefu leyo ebangela ukufa kabuhlungu xa uthatha enqatheni mali ka-0.18 grams.

yokumbiwa

In Enkulu Cathedral kwi incwadi ngo-1963, bevula ingcwaba ezine: umphathi Skopin-Shumsky, Tsarevich Ivan, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, Tsar Fedor Ivanovich. Ngexesha iintsalela zesifundo, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba kuzo zonke ezine amathambo ezinezixa kuphantse kulingana of iarseniki, kwaye ayidluli eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa amathambo Tsarevich Ivan kunye Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich wafumana ubukho mercury ngeedosi eziphezulu kakhulu norm obuvumelekileyo. Abanye ababhali-mbali baye babonisa ukuba athe ukonakalisa, kwaye iziphumo zonyango lwe ngegcushuwa kunye mercury ngamafutha aqholiweyo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba izifundo zophondo zifumanise akukho lutshintsho syphilitic in the abameli yentsapho yasebukhosini.

izinto ezintsha

Ngowe-1990, uphononongo lwaqhutywa ngokungcwatywa ookumkanikazi ezinkulu eMoscow namakhosazana. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba Elena Glinskaya, unina Ivana Groznogo, owafa ngowe-1538, yaye Anastasia Romanova, umfazi wakhe wokuqala, eyafa ngo 1560-m, ziye wadliswa chloride mercuric. Oko kukuthi, intsapho yasebukhosini waba lixhoba ukutyhefa amashumi eminyaka. Idatha evela kula kunye nezinye izifundo kwakhokelela kwisigqibo sokuba nokubulawa unyana ka Ivana Groznogo noyise omzalayo - esiyinyani, kodwa enyanisweni ke ukuba le tyhefu, wakhetha kule ukutyhilwa kukuba luhlala isiqulatho ityhefu lugqithe ngaphaya umda wavumela amaxesha amaninzi. Ngaloo uguqulelo inzululwazi ye synoubiystve ngokucacile uphika.