Yintoni kakuhle eli nep --nkqubo yezoqoqosho USSR ku 1920?

Le nkqubo New Economic (nep) - iseti amanyathelo zoqoqosho yamaBolshevik Party phezu ukususwa yiSoviet Union ngaphandle kwentlekele 20 zenkulungwane yama-20. Ukuba sithethe elifutshane nep ezamahala, yinto imvuselelo lwamanyathelo zabucala.

Intsusa-nkqubo Economic New

Policy of Communism imfazwe kwakhokelela ekubeni komsipha epheleleyo lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwiindawo zasezidolophini kunye nolo lwasemaphandleni. Abahlali Urban kwakunzima kakhulu ngengqiqo yokuba abazange bafumane imali efanelekileyo iimveliso lali. ukutshintshiselana Traditional kwezoqoqosho yaphulwe xa isixeko wathenga imveliso kule lali ukuba imali. Ukongeza, amafama wawuqalayo uthotho neziphithiphithi ngokuchasene nokuhluthwa nkqubo ukutya.

Ngokuphindaphindiweyo ibhalwe Kwiimeko apho iintlanti zomkhosi ngaphandle kwedolophu kwidolophana waza wawasusa onke isitokhwe okuziinkozo. Njengoko sisazi, ukuba ke indlala enkulu kakhulu, ngoko ke ngoqhankqalazo ye abalimi kwabangelwa izizathu njongo ngo-1921.

Eli lizwe yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo yi-World lokuQala War Civil zitshatyalalisiwe zonke iintlobano kwezoqoqosho kunye namazwe angaphandle. Kukwanjalo ke unxulumano lobuchule. ubunkokheli eSoviet wayeqonda ukuba kwesi sigaba ngaphandle ukubuyiselwa ubudlelwane namazwe angaphandle eli lizwe liya kuba nzima kunene.

Esinye isizathu sokuba ukungaphumeleli nkqubo of War Communism yaba ukuqonda ubunkokheli inguqu esikhawulezileyo ubukomanisi ayinakwenzeka.

Yintoni kakuhle eli nep?

Ukutshintsha wokuqala kwezoqoqosho, leyo ingachazwa ibonakalisa nep, yaqala ngo-1922-1923 ngokulandelelanayo. Imisebenzi Main nep (ngokufutshane) - iintshukumo ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni ubomi babantu.

Ekuqaleni kwafuneka ukuba ukubuyisela inkqubo yemali yeli lizwe ngokwandisa urhwebo ukutya nezinto-mveliso. KwiBolsheviks kwafuneka enze ukuhamba nanto ukusuka inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo lokuphelisa nya imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe wobuthongo yakhe.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na kakuhle eli nep, thelekisa kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo ka-War ubuKomanisi.

Olona phawu engundoqo yomgaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho kweMfazwe Civil waye nokuhluthwa imveliso evela abalimi. Ngamagama alula, abameli umkhosi okanye urhulumente akwazi ukuthatha iimveliso bezoplatnoy. ubunkokheli Party wayeyiqonda imfuneko yokuba kuqaliswe le nep, netafile ngaphezu iiphiriyodi 1918-1921 kunye 1922-1929 iminyaka iya kubonisa oku ngokucacileyo.

Events nep

Phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo omtsha urhulumente basukela thile. Khawuve oko kakuhle eli nep kwicandelo zemali.

Njengoko usazi, iminyaka eliqela kobudlelwane yorhwebo-mali kweli lizwe phantse zibambene. Ngowe-1922, kukho utshintsho mali iye kuthwalelwa phandle. A lwemali entsha (fundole) waqonda amazwe Western, ngoko ithuba ukwenza kwintengiselwano angaphandle. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko waqala urhwebo ekhaya kunye namaqabane angaphandle.

Nep kwezolimo

iinguqu ezibalulekileyo kwenziwa kwezolimo. Abalimi ekugqibeleni waziva ekhululekile ukusuka umthwalo yobukomanisi emkhosini, kuba ngowe-1921, kubhangise Ukucelwa. Kakade ke, ongakhululwanga irhafu ngokupheleleyo. irhafu ukutya yaqaliswa, kodwa amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe-2 ngaphezulu kwe umyinge wokuphelelwa surplus. Ukuvunyelwa ukuba ahlawule le irhafu ngemali. Abalimi zihluphekayo akhululwa ekuhlawuleni irhafu. nangoko abahlali baqonde ukuba yintoni kakuhle eli nep. Olu uhlobo lobudlelane okulungileyo ngabo, yaye akazange abaninzi bafuna ukuya kwiifama ezihlangeneyo 1930-1932, ngokulandelelana.

uphuhliso kushishino

Kushishino, amanyathelo nep ezamahala zazinzima kakhulu. capital Private uyaphinda kwakhona nako ukusebenza kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kwimveliso. Kwezo ndawo apho urhulumente akazange afune ukuba buthathaka impembelelo yabo, iimeko ezahlukeneyo-capital nazo emsebenzini. Ulawulo phezu umsebenzi kwamashishini iye yehla, ngoko baqhubeke umsebenzi koqoqosho kuba lula. nangoko utshintsho olunjalo khosi karhulumente bavakalelwa abatyali amazwe baye baqalisa ukutyala amashishini amatsha.

Iziphumo nep kwi-USSR

nkqubo nep, etafileni apho iziphumo phambi kwamehlo akho; kodwa ezintle, ukuba ezinye iziphumo ezibi.

Kodwa ukubaluleka kwexesha nkqubo New kwezoqoqosho uphuhliso karhulumente eSoviet kunzima ukuba zazi. Ilizwe waba nako ukuzifumana emva kokuba iziganeko ezinzima imi--10 kwinkulungwane yama-20.