Kutheni eMoscow yaba liziko ubunye kumazwe Russian? History of Russia

Imbali kwizwekazi looMawokhulu bethu buqala elidlulileyo ngokunzulu, abaninzi abaphila musa nokuba ucinge umbuzo kutheni eMoscow yaba liziko ubunye kumazwe Russian.

UTom wanceda izizathu ezininzi, ezinye zazo siza kuhlolisisa kweli nqaku.

Njengoko naxa kwakukho eMoscow?

Kievan Rus karhulumente, wadala inzala ka Rurik, unyana wakhe, abazukulwana, Vladimir, yayimi phezu kumazwe Ukraine mihla, Belarus kunye osemazantsi eRashiya. waba iziko Its kwisixeko Kiev.

edge Its esemntla yeMpuma nokuxubana yaba lilizwe-Vyatichi kunye Finno-eFinland - umhlaba elizayo eMoscow. Apha waba amahlathi luluqilima kunye imigxobhozo, kwaye malunga naluphi eyinkunzi ngaphandle umbuzo.

Ukanti apha aqala ubunye kumazwe Russian, imbali Russia kungqina oko.

Ngokutsho uguqulelo ixhaphakileyo, waseka Moscow Prince uYuri, uWele Dolgoruky, owaye- dumile ubuchule uzowenza mkhosi ngenkulungwane ye-12.

Hi ndlela leyi, kuba Prince George umbuzo malunga kutheni eMoscow yaba liziko ubunye kumazwe Russian, andiyi bet, kuba ngelo xesha wenza ngokwayo waziva feudal eqhekekileyo, xa kwinkulu ongowakhe.

Le ukuqhekeka kwaphumela kwintlekele yoyikekayo ukuba urhulumente abaselula - ukuhlaselwa ingxokolo Batu Khan, nto leyo kwadaka ezininzi umzi ezukileyo Russian, kuquka Ryazan ubudala, phezulu ukuya kwidolophu encinane eMoscow ukusuka apho eliyishiyelweyo.

Izizathu ngokuvela eMoscow ngexesha Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe

Igo uye iintlekele ezininzi eRashiya: kwaba irhafu iimpahla, iimveliso, igolide kunye nabantu kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule yonke ukubusa; behlasela rhoqo yi anayo; ekutshatyalalisweni kwezakhiwo.

Little eMoscow lucky: waba emahlathini luluqilima (elithi "eMoscow" Liguqulwe lithatyathwa Finno-Ugric ulwimi njenge "indawo izantyalantyala '), nto leyo ngokuyinxenye kunciphisa amathuba uhlaselo bezinye iintlanga.

Kwelinye icala, walawula abantu eMoscow abanezakhono oonozakuzaku ukuba ukuthethana kunye khans nyambalala usongo.

Eyona nto iphambili kwaba bantu baba Prince Ivan, uWele Kalita. Wakwazi kuthethathethana loo mkhosi mkhulu kunye nokufumana yena nenzala yakhe ileyibhile ebukumkanini enkulu (awamnika babethwele zayo ithuba lokulawula zonke ezinye iinkosana Russia egameni Khan).

Umzabalazo nzima iphumelele Kalita phezu nelinye Russian, bangafaneleka kwakhona le ileyibhile, uMikhail saseTver. Olahlwe Prince Michael kunye nonyana wakhe Alexander kunye nomzukulwana Theodore zabanjwa kwaye ngenkohlakalo babulawa.

Noko ke, hayi kuphela labanobuqokolo nobukrelekrele wanceda abathetheli eMoscow kwidabi ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi, indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ngokwemeko yazo emkhosini.

Kulikov impi Dmitri Donskoy

Kutheni eMoscow yaba liziko ubunye kumazwe Russian? Lo mbuzo lulula waphendula ngokubhekisa iziganeko kwimbali Russian ngo-1380. Ke Prince abaselula eMoscow nguDmitry Russia wabongoza abahlali ukuba ukulwa bahlaseli mkhosi. Idabi senzeka Kulikovo entsimini kwaye baphela uloyiso epheleleyo eentloko ezaxhobela Russian.

Noko ke, kwiminyaka emibini kamva, xa ilizwe lethu aphinde ahlasela imikhosi mkhosi ikhokelwa ngu Khan Tokhtamysh, kodwa ngoloyiso Kulikovo nangokumanywa kumazwe Russian phantsi kobunkokheli eMoscow - amakhonkco umxokelelwane omnye. Kubonakala ukuba ngaphandle nguDmitry Donskoy isixeko yakhe ngekhe baye baba ikomkhulu laseRashiya.

Kutheni eMoscow yaba liziko ubunye kumazwe Russian: ukugwetywa mbali

mbali Russian bayavuma ukuba eMoscow yaba kumbindi weRashiya, mhlawumbi, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba indawo yayo lendawo okanye ezinye izizathu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba 200 iminyaka esi sixeko yayilawulwa nakubathetheli ababenaye aziwayo ezopolitiko, oonozakuzaku kunye namanani zomkhosi.

Kuyinto ngenxa umsebenzi kwezi Abathetheli mazwe emanyeneyo Russian.

Emva kokuba ngoloyiso Kulikovo impangele lakhula ngokukhawuleza, iyavuleka ilizwe elingummelwane. Sele umkhulu Ivana Groznogo, Prince uIvan wakwazi ukoyisa uxhathiso yelizwe kumantla Russian - Pskov kunye Novgorod, yaye emva koko babela inxalenye enkulu imimandla yabo.

Yaba Prince uIvan wakwazi ekugqibeleni balahle i ukubola idyokhwe, nto leyo eye yomeleza ngakumbi bomyalezo eMoscow. Ngoko ke, abantu bomhla umthetheli yaba akukho mbuzo ukuba kutheni eMoscow yaba liziko Russia. Udinga.