Indawo nonyaka isiseko Yaroslavl: iinguqulelo namabali

isixeko nganye ngembali yaso, uzele iziganeko kunye izibakala umdla ezifana biography yabantu. Le yokuhlala yamandulo, i umdla ngakumbi na, le ntsomi ngakumbi, amabali kunye neentsomi ezingqongileyo ngaloo mihla ayaziwa umntu mihla. Enye yezinto ezininzi izixeko yamandulo Russia na perile ye-Golden Ring - Yaroslavl.

ulwazi olusisiseko

Modern Yaroslavl - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, iziko lwezokhenketho, kwisixeko samandulo Russian, ogama imbali na amawaka eminyaka. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, unyaka isiseko Yaroslavl ngumbandela mpikiswano phakathi mbali bezinto zakudala. Zombiwe ngasechwebeni iVolga zigcinwe rhoqo, nto leyo enika ingcaciso entsha ingcamango. Ngokusesikweni, unyaka isiseko kwisixeko Yaroslavl - 1010. Kuyinto ngokwesiseko ulwazi ngo-2010, iye yabhiyozela isikhumbuzo 1000th zesixeko. Namhlanje ke yorhwebo kunye nokuthuthwa hub emikhulu, ngenxa kwindawo yayo wejografi. Ukuveliswa eziphambili: kushishino oli-lokulungisa, ngezobunjineli, ishishini chemical.

indawo okuyo

Indawo Yaroslavl - ngaseludinini lomlambo iVolga, okanye ngaphezulu kanye le "utolo", indawo headland unxweme. Kotorosl River wambumba compound p. Wex kunye p. Umlomo iVolga lungena ngokukhululekileyo East European Plain, ekumbindi indima yawo. IVolga Yaroslavl kummandla izityebi ngamanzi, 240 imilambo kunye nemisinga badibane nabanye ukwenza uthungelwano branched leyo esetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imithwalo. Wabandezeleni umlambo Kotorosl kwaye yinxalenye Great iVolga Route neziNxulumene Rostov Lake, Klyazma, Oka kunye iVolga. Le nkqubo amanzi ebizwa indlela ukusuka 'Varangians ukuya Arabhu ", kunokwenzeka ukuba sihlale zorhwebo kunye Arab East, eScandinavia, i Khazars. Ekufundeni, yabemi iVolga idlale indima enkulu kuphuhliso lwe ubudlelwane namazwe angabamelwane, enkosi uqikelelo data wenza isiseko wesixeko Yaroslavl kunokwenzeka kwaye kukho imfuneko. Le ndawo yokuqala nokuxubana kwi iVolga. Kotorosl River kuphela umzila onxulumanisa osentshona eRussia Rostov. Phakathi Yaroslavl and Rostov wamanzi kwiinkulungwane ezininzi zokwakha kaloliwe, kwaba esisiseko.

Indawo Yaroslavl ezikhethwe ithuba: Ukuba ufunda isimo se mmandla, ungabona ukuba indawo lula ngakumbi ukuba pick up ezinkulu ezinzima. Settlement ngokukhuselekileyo itshixiwe macala omathathu izithintelo zendalo. IVolga Kotorosl dissected nesixeko ukusuka kwindawo engundoqo zeBhere plain udonga (ngaphambili owawunqumla kuyo enye imibhobho p. Kotorosl) kwaba ingafikeleleki ukuhlasela liqela lesithathu. Le abavikeli le nqaba elungileyo ukomeleza kuphela kwendlela ezifikelelekayo edolophini. Enyanisweni "utolo" sisiqithi phakathi isithuba zolwelo.

imvelaphi ye

Unyaka isiseko Yaroslavl kusekho impikiswano. Settlement kule ndawo khona. Kodwa efunekayo ngpahmbi ukuvela yencopho onqatyisiweyo elisoloko ukwandisa kurhwebo amaqhina. Ukusebenzisa iVolga njengoko kwemithambo amanzi engundoqo kummandla kukhokelele kwinto yokuba kukho inani elikhulu iinqanawa zabarhwebi ofakelwe imveliso angayiwayo ubayeke umlambo. Kwiindawo ezininzi lula iibhanki omfula zokuhlala ezincinane zezihange ziwaphanga iinqanawa zabarhwebi. Ngelo utolo, bese kulahlwa phakathi iVolga Kotorosli, kwaba udonga. Ngokomgaqo- qhinga emkhosini, ibe yindawo ogqibeleleyo abaphangi kunye noonogada awayegade emdeni ubulawuli. Xa ukhangela nokomelezwa ummandla yeendawo zokuhlala wanikwa igama Yaroslavl. Imbali isiseko isixeko samandulo bukaThixo ezinxulumene Kiev prince Yaroslav. Kwiinkulungwane lokuqala lophuhliso wayo, esi sixeko ekuqaleni kwindawo enqatyisiweyo, owamenzela indlela ekhuselekileyo Rostov. Ngoko ke, umnyaka isiseko Yaroslavl njenge "zokuhlala" isekhona ingaziwa.

prehistory

Ngokusekelwe ngabembi Kungaphikiswa ukuba Yaroslavl namhlanje-kwakukho yokuhlala wamandulo abasusela I kwiwaka BC - ixesha le ekuqaleni Iron Age. Kodwa kule ndawo yayikhona zokuhlala ngaphambili, nto leyo iba i-III-V iinkulungwane. Foundation wesixeko Yaroslavl - X-XI ngenkulungwane, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kulo mmandla iVolga kwakuhlala Finno-Ugric izizwe. Ukufuduka ngokuthe ngcembe le nokuxubana kule ndawo uqala VIII-IX iinkulungwane. Noko ke, abembi abaninzi ugxininisa ukuba ulawulo lwenzeka ngaphandle ugonyamelo. Nokuxubana Bahlala ngoxolo nabantu Meria, yaye kangangexesha elithile izizwe phantse emanyeneyo. Ngomnyaka isiseko Yaroslavl koMlambo iVolga zaye bantu baninzi kakhulu ezinabantu, kukho iingxelo kwiilali eziliqela ogama abahlali Sizibandakanye yokuloba kunye nemisebenzi yezandla.

Imbali ingenzeka

Ehlabathini ngalinye yeendawo zokuhlala yamandulo kukho amabali amaninzi. Oku kungenxa yokusilela kolwazi oluthile kuyimfuneko ukutsala ingqalelo ezi ntsomi kunye yemihla, agqithiseleyo njenge sentsomi kwaye ziqulathe ezininzi eziyinyani. Yaroslavl kule ndlela kungekho ngaphandle, imbali yamandulo imvelaphi yayo amagqabi igumbi eninzi lengqondo. Ngokuzithemba, abembi abaninzi mbali ukuthetha nje ngoko kwenzekayo isiseko Yaroslavl Yaroslav Wesilumko. Oku ngokungangqalanga kuqinisekiswa ngegama esixekweni. ezafunyanwa ngabembi bezinto zakudala ezininzi ezibhekiselele ixesha musa ukukhanyela olu guqulelo, kodwa umthombo iphambili yale mazwi-akhayivi weemonki. Umhla isiseko Yaroslavl, indawo kunye umseki wayo zichazwe kwi-ngqangi isetyenziswayo Archbishop Samuila Mislavskogo Yaroslavl. I-ngqangi yapapashwa umbingeleli Lebedev ngo-1877 kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo zahlalutywa mbali. Uya igama "Legend of ekwakheni umzi ka Yaroslavl '. Le ndinyana ziqulathe isithethe yamandulo kwaye kubhaliwe XII-XI eminyaka. Umxholo Voronina N. N. Ngokutsho umphandi "Legends" izihlandlo eziliqela kubuyisa, kodwa zibakala aye bexesha lakhe ngohlobo undistorted. Kukho kwakhona amanye amaxwebhu, izifundo oluqhubekeka kule mini, ukuba izazinzulu namhlanje yeyona umbuzo umdla kakhulu - isiseko Yaroslavl. Iinguqulelo legends hayi iintlobo enkulu, bonke ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo zibonisa Yaroslava Mudrogo njengoko ngunozala mzi. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ufunde umfanekiso wakhe imbali zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Yaroslav Mudry

Grand Prince of Kiev wazalwa kunyaka 978. Uyihlo ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa Jaroslav wamnika umhlaba Rostov ukubusa. Umhla isisekelo wesixeko Yaroslavl - 1010, ngeli xesha inkosana olawula umhlaba Rostov. Malunga neli xesha ubomi bakhe kunzima ukuthetha into eqinisekileyo: akukho data igcinwe. Ebalulekileyo okhankanywe yemihla Prince Yaroslav iqala ngo 1010, kwaye enxulumene kunye nokudalwa isixeko-enqabeni ngasechwebeni iVolga. Bayahlelwa ngakumbi kwenene lu dityanisiwe Novgorod, apho wahlala ukususela 1011. Emva kokufa umzalwana wakhe Vysheslava Vladimir (bazalwana, uyise), ngokudlulisela unyana omdala abeke Jaropolk e Novgorod, apho ngelo xesha kwakukho zomkhosi norhwebo iziko enkulu. Novgorod inani liyohluleka squad eKiev kuphela, Novgorod kunye nobume njengesixeko, ubemde kakhulu e Rostov. Jaroslav Kwathi umendo kunzima isihloko Grand Duke of Kiev, nto leyo eya kumanyanisa amazwe Russian ndize ndoyise ingqalelo yabantu bakhe azizilumko ulawulo bakhanyiselwa. Ibizwa ngokuba "Izazi" Yaroslav bafumana kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX, inzala iya kufumana indima yayo yokuba kusekwe Russia emanyeneyo nonamandla. indima yakhe ekubunjweni isixeko Yaroslavl phantse zingenakuphikwa, kodwa owabulawa kunye iintsomi kunye namabali. Nanamhla oku, siye sifikelele iinguqulelo ezimbini ezinkulu, leyo yokuba ukhangele iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Ilivo malunga isiseko Yaroslavl

sele kudlule iminyaka elishumi elinesibini ukusukela ubhaptizo Rus, kodwa iilali ezininzi wahlala yobuhedeni. Ngasechwebeni iVolga River, endaweni ekudibaneni kwawo emlanjeni zokuhlala Kotorosl, ukuba ibekwe ugol. Ngokweerekhodi zembali, abantu apho kwakuhlala ububi, "ukholo yobuhedeni", okt. E. I zintlanga. Babakhonza isithixo uthixo Veles (Volos). Akasekude lali indawo engcwele, nto leyo livutha umlilo umbingelelo kwaye imithi yamaplanga izithixo. Abanqulwa nabemi Bear kwikona kunye nezilwanyana, kuquka indawo ephambili ahlala ibhere. Kwezinye Volosovo imibingelelo logovine oothixo babahedeni, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba abahlali yeendawo zokuhlala bachazwa ngokuba abantu abakhohlakeleyo. Eyona misebenzi iphambili abemi zeBhere ezisezikoneni kwalusa, ngokuzingela nokuloba, kodwa ngeniso ivela iphanga abahamba ecaleni iVolga iinqanawa zabarhwebi. Ngokutsho legend, inkosana, lo gama Rostov, Jaroslav banduluka, badlula iVolga kunye nabantu bakhe. Wabona abantu iilali rob iinqanawa zabarhwebi zasekuhlaleni kunye nabarhwebi beza sindisa. Bambonga umthetheli, kwaye abahlali bendawo, ndibona amandla Rostov wamajoni, wavuma ayilalise. Kule ugol akayi kwiNgxowa ngokupheleleyo Yaroslav, baqhubeka apho afuna izithethe zobuhedeni. Yaroslav kakhulu indawo elula indawo yokuhlala, ngokwemiqathango ekukhuseleni Rostov ezingqongileyo qhinga lizwe, ngoko ndagqiba kubhaptiza abantu ukwakhela kwisiza iinkwenkwezi zeBhere angela lamabutho. Wabuyela neqela kunye neenkokeli ezininzi zecawa, kodwa bahlali abayi lula ukunikezela oothixo babo bathandazela kangangeenkulungwane. Kamsinya nje inkosana wangena kuloo dolophana, baluhlisa "irhamncwa neengcwangu" kunye pack zezinja kuye kunye neqembu yakhe. Njengoko irhamncwa kwabonakala ibhere omkhulu - isithixo elichophele lali. Jaroslav kungenwe kuyo ibhere ngezembe, hayi inja wahlaselwa nabani ngeenxa zonke kuye. Ukususela ngoko inkosana wayalela ukuba ukugawula imithi nokwakha iinqaba phezu "utolo". Kwixesha elizayo, kule inkampu wakhula Yaroslavl, ogama emva umsunguli wayo.

Inguqulo yesibini

Bhere angle Dyakovo udonga uwuthobele kumazwe Jaroslav Prince Rostovskys ukubhaptizwa kodwa engcwele Yobuhedeni izilwanyana (bear) waqalisa kubalungisa, kubahlali bayo. Yena wahamba ebhadula engqonge iilali ekuhlaleni, wababulala abantu ubuyeleyo kude zithixo. Prince Yaroslav ezingelwa kufuphi Rostov. Ukufunda malunga abahlali inkathazo Bear angle, wayekhawuleza sindisa. Yaroslav yena wajoyina imfazwe kunye nerhamncwa baza bambetha. Hillfort oda bakhe luqiniswe kwenqaba kunye iifolo. Kwaye loo mzi ungakhiwa ibandla Orthodox lokuqala - i Church of kaEliya - ogama lakhe behlonipha St. Elias ngomhla wokuqalisa ukwakhiwa (Agasti 2). Kwisiza isiseko isityholo Yaroslavl ukuya namhlanje ilitye, apho, ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, xa bakhonza njengenxalenye isiseko ibandla.

Yaroslavl, ilitye lesiseko

Kwi eweni iVolga ngomnye ezinomtsalane ezininzi watyelela kweso sixeko, ezitsala kuphela abakhenkethi abaninzi balapha akholelwa namagunya imilingo athweswe kule lwepaki lembali. Isiseko Ilitye Yaroslavl ngokunzulu kwilivo yamandulo nezithethe, kukholelwa ukuba ngeli xesha baqala imbali mzi. Ngasemva kwakhe kwakukho iinqaba kuqala kwakhiwa iicawa amatsha kunye namakhaya. Izikhokelo zithi xa ixesha elide ukukhangela ngokusondeleyo ukuya ilitye, ekucingeni ngokwayo iya uzobe umfanekiso bamaxesha amandulo: Prince Yaroslav kunye namagorha akhe, iingcibi abakhi, iingcibi kunye abazingeli, nabantu abo awakhe lo mzi. Abahlali Yaroslavl wothulelw iipropati ngokungummangaliso ilitye. Ngokutsho kwabo, ukuba sele ubutsalane okhethekileyo kwaye nokuphilisa izifo. abakhenkethi ezininzi ukuphosa imali ekholelwa ukuba unqwenela ziya kuzaliseka. Oku akothusi: ilitye elele kwisiza phambi kokusekwa mzi, ubuye ukusuka kudala kunye nentsomi.

ezikhumbuzo

Unyaka isisekelo wesixeko Yaroslavl - 1010, ngokulandelelana, onke amanqanaba yophuhliso imbali karhulumente Russian ashiye uphawu zabo phezu kwayo. A indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi amangcwaba kudala ngokwayo eyayikuyo izakhiwo kwesi sixeko. It baziswa abathandi lidala yaye zifakwe kwi-UNESCO World List Heritage. Ukuba ufunda iziko kwimbali Yaroslavl, sinokugqiba ukuba lesikhumbuzo esiqinileyo bokwakha, nto leyo iye yagcinwa Bulelani kukhubazeko ofanelekileyo ebomini kwisixeko mihla. Lilonke inani amangcwaba imbali, izakhiwo, ubugcisa, zakudala, ofumanekayo - iiyunithi ezingaphezulu kwama-700. Ziquka iitempile nasezicaweni, izakhiwo zembali, iimyuziyam, yoonongendi, iipaki kunye imikrolo. Kakade ke, indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kuzo ilitye lesikhumbuzo umnyibilikisi wesixeko Yaroslav Wesilumko. Le dolophu kwakhona immortalized bonke abantu abakhulu abo baye benza igalelo ekwakhiweni kwayo kunye nophuhliso. Kukho isikhumbuzo Fyodor potter, UNikolai Nekrasov, Demidov intsika.

Isixeko yanamhlanje

Okwangoku Yaroslavl ithathwa umzi lesithathu ngobukhulu kumbindi eRashiya. Ngokutsho data yakutshanje, abemi bayo lidlula abantu 600,000. Ngokunxusene imisebenzi inzuzo (ukhenketho kunye norhwebo) e ushishino, inothungelwano lwezothutho aphuhliswe kakuhle kunye nezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu. Xa amathuba abanzi lokucwangcisela banamhlanje (network kaloliwe iphuhlisiwe, yomoya) iVolga kuhlala ethandwayo kwindlela yothutho, kungekwamthwalo umkhweli zokuhamba lwenziwa ngokwesiseko isixeko lomlambo kwizibuko Yaroslavl. Kwinqanaba esifanelekileyo a iziphumo zophando zenzululwazi ngokwamaziko uyilo eziliqela ziyaphunyezwa kwimveliso mveliso. Ngenxa kuphuhliso amashishini kwicandelo mveliso ezisekelwe ezintsha kunye nokutsala mali kwamanye amazwe. Yaroslavl iyaqhubeka ekuphuculeni, ngokungasilibali ezidlulileyo yakhe enkulu nokugcina ngokucophelela.