Izizathu kunye nemihlaba ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukukhangela iziseko kotshutshiso

Izizathu kunye nezizathu kophando mthetho ezimiselwe ngumthetho. Ekuqaleni Inqanaba yophando ebotshelelwe ixesha zokufumana neengxelo Ubhaqo ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye amagunya bolu iimpawu zayo kwisenzo zesifundo. Kunokuba zombini iingxelo zomlomo nezibhaliweyo zabemi kunye namagosa. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutyekwe nophando, bonke imiyalezo efunyenweyo kufuneka kuvelelwe nezinye iinkalo ezizakuxhasa ngokupheleleyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuseka ukuthembeka kolwazi, lobuxoki isilumkiso ubungqina. Cinga amabala iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe kunye nenkqubo notshutshiso.

lwesigama

Xa iincwadi zomthetho, izizathu kunye nemihlaba kotshutshiso mthetho ichazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi ziingcali uyayiqonda imithombo yawo ulwazi malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho. Abanye olunye protsessualistov ebizwa ngezizathu yolwaphulo ityala izibakala okanye imiqathango eyiyo nesemthethweni ukwenzela eqala imveliso. Kukho nenye uluvo. Iqela iingcali zikholelwa isiseko yolwaphulo ityala emva kokufumana izibakala (ngobekuphandwa ngako, ukwamkeleka, iirisithi) ngokuthi babe nolwazi nabasemagunyeni kophando, ulwazi abaphandi, abatshutshisi malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho.

labantu unyango

Nawuphi na umntu unelungelo ukuthumela umyalezo kwisebe amapolisa malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho (njengoko ezayo kwaye iphelele). Umzekelo, kumbutho ukuze angenise ingxelo ukuya ubuqhophololo emapoliseni. Isampulu olo nyango akusiso evunyiweyo ngokusemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo kufuneka ibandakanye ulwazi olufunekayo. Ngokukodwa, kuba ligama isakhiwo, apho umyalezo uthunyelwa, kwakunye data zomenzi-sicelo. Unyango kufuneka sityikitywe ngumntu ezaqanjwa zakhe.

protocol

Wenza umyalezo ayifumanekanga ngencwadi ebhaliweyo. Ngokomzekelo, umxholo unika ingxelo yomlomo ukuya ubuqhophololo emapoliseni. A protocol sampuli masigcwaliswe ngokungqinelana Art. 110 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo. Le protocol iqulathe amalungu ezitshayelela, elichaza yokugqibela. Kwicandelo lokuqala, kufuneka ukhankanye:

1. Ixesha kunye nendawo ifunyenwe imiyalezo.
2. Igama elipheleleyo, ukuma abasebenzi, unyango. Kulo mzekelo, umqeshwa ATS ibhekisela Art. 110 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo.
3. data eziphambili sicelo. Ngokukodwa, ubalula layo Igama, Igama Lokugqibela, umhla nendawo wokuzalwa, imfundo, umsebenzi, irekhodi yolwaphulo, iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano kunxibelelwano.

IGosa linyanzelekile ukuba acacisele sicelo ngesandla uxanduva lokubonelela ulwazi bobuxoki. Oku kubonelelwa Art. 306. I-Inxalenye esichazayo iqulethe ngumongo womyalezo. Akuba efumene inkcazelo malunga igosa yaMapolisa ulwaphulo unyanzelekile ukufumanisa ukuba lonke ulwazi kuya kubaluleka ukuba yezithuthi isicelo esilandelayo. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo iimeko emiselwe yi Art. 68 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo. A ulwazi exposure necacileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ezinye iinkqubo lula kakhulu kuphela uphando olandelayo, kodwa kuthintela ukukhumbula-sicelo. Ekupheleni kufuneka zibhalwe data kwi familiarization kunye protocol of isifundo buqu okanye ngokusetyenziswa kwamalungu, ekuchanekeni kweerekhodi, kwakunye yokungabikho okanye ubukho izimvo kumxholo. Olu xwebhu kufuneka isayinwe lipolisa kumenzi wayo, kwaye umntu ogama mazwi abhalwe ulwazi.

Ukubandakanyeka koluntu

Isiseko ityala lolwaphulo ke imibutho umanyene umyalezo, ummeli wamapolisa wamajoni yabantu kunye neminye imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente. Kulo mzekelo, kuba waqonda enye iintlobo inxaxheba koluntu inxaxheba ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwale isiseko kwityala lolwaphulo ngokubafundisa amaqela random izifundo. Kwimeko yokugqibela, namagosa ATS sisebenzisana izikhalazo ekuthiwa-ehlangeneyo. Ezinye iingcali kuhlalutywa into. 2 h. 1 tbsp. 108 of the CPC, wathi ngenqaku elinye kuyathandabuzeka, leyo iqulathe nqaku. Izizathu ngokuqala ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho iya kuba semthethweni kuphela xa zifunyanwa imibutho ebhaliswe Kubulungiseleli Justice. Kulo mba, iingcali zithi, eli gatya kufuneka zibandakanywe izinga.

Unyango lwe imibutho, amaziko, amagosa

Benza njengoko isiseko excitation lwetyala lolwaphulo kwi imeko mazingeniswe ngokubhaliweyo. Le ngxelo kufuneka anikele iinkcukacha ezifunekayo kwaye ulwazi olugqityiweyo malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho. nemigaqo karhulumente kunye nemimiselo zesebe kwenza ukuba inyanzelekile ukuba iintloko imibutho kunye namashishini ukuba ingxelo ngobunyani izenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Umzekelo, izibonelelo zonyango kufuneka ngoko nangoko angenise isicelo habeas kwabo bantu kunye nokwenzakala phambi kwinkolelo ukuba ifunyenwe ngenkani.

Zincwadi kumaphephandaba

Benza njengoko isiseko ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ncwadi wabiza zinqwnqwadelwe kwicala ndaba zengingqi, zesizwe okanye wengingqi, iveliswayo ushicilelo kunye nabanye, lasebenzisa kuye iindlela, amanqaku, iincwadi kunye nezinye izinto eziqulathe ulwazi malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ababhali ncwadi kuba nabaphi na abantu emzimbeni, kubandakanywa ukuzixhasa ngedolo kwinkonzo karhulumente. Isiseko ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho nayo ibekwe impahla eqokelelwe ngethuba lobuntatheli yophando. Ukususela intsingiselo yala malungiselelo, kulandela ukuba ingqalelo ukuba kuphela ezo amanqaku, ezo apapashwa kwiijenali ezibhalisiweyo.

into ebaluleke

Xa uvula ityala lolwaphulo kwi inqaku okanye inqaku, ibekwe kuhlelo yoshicilelo, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo inani kujonge izinto. Ukuze enze amagunya post procedural, umphandi, ogama igunya ukuchonga iimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho, nto leyo waxelelwa ekupapasheni ngokwaso maluqhutywe ngolu hlobo. Ugqobhoza phandle umdla kakhulu, yaye igama kunye uhlelo inani, inkcazelo malunga yomshicileli. Konke oku kuncanyathiselwa ephepheni size sisayinwe ligosa eligunyazisiweyo.

Voluntary nokuzinikela ewayinini

Isifundo owenze kakubi, ukuze azise igosa eligunyazisiweyo abasebenzi ATS. Oko kukuthi, uthi ngayo ngezenzo zakhe. Oku ngokwahlula umyalezo ukusuka Amaqumrhu, leyo wabhekisela izenzo ezingekho mthethweni nakwezinye izifundo. uzinikele ngokuzithandela iya kwenziwa ngokungqinelana nemimiselo Art. 111 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo. igosa eligunyazisiweyo kokuba efumene umyalezo ovela mxholo ikhomishini enetyala, kunyanzelekile ukuba bakwazi ukumfanisa kumaxwebhu thaca kubo. Ukongeza, kuvela zonke iimeko, apho kwisifundo wagqiba ukuya kwisikhululo samapolisa. Igosa unyanzelekile ukuba achaze zonke izibakala kulungiswa okanye ityala sele zesini iinkcukacha esiphezulu. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, umfaki-sicelo ungacelwa ukuba ukuzoba izicwangciso okanye amaqhinga. Kwakufika imiyalezo enjalo kuzo zonke iimeko kuyimfuneko ukuze ufumanise iintshukumisa. Kufuneka ke ukuba lo mbandela Abalumkiswa malunga uxanduva ubungqina bobuxoki (Art. 306 we-Code yoLwaphulo. Imihlaba ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho ezirekhodiweyo. Kugqitywe bakhe ikhutshwa phandle imigaqo efanayo njengoko kubonelelwe emazishicilelwe izicelo ngomlomo.

Efumanisa iimpawu izenzo ngamagosa

Lo mcuphi, umphandi okanye umtshutshisi nga ngokuzimeleyo ukuchonga data ebonisa ulwaphulo ngexesha amandla abo, kungakhathaliseki imiyalezo nabani. Ukufunyanwa kwe izibakala izenzo ezingekho mthethweni kwenzeka kulawulo esweni ngokubanzi kwaye ngokukodwa ngethuba lophando, ekuqhubeni imisebenzi uphendlo. Apha kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba phantsi imiqondiso mthetho azinikezelwanga wayebhekisela kumthetho mthetho iimpawu zabo, kunye nentwana yokwenene, izixhobo, idatha ebonisa ikhomishini senzo.

Okukodwa

Esekwe kumabala mthetho ingqalelo uluhlu ezivaliweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho eminye imithombo yedatha akakwazi hlamusela ukuvulwa kophando. Ngako oko, unyango engaziwa, imiyalezo azibonisi umbhali kwaye zenziwe egameni kumaqumrhu wasentsomini okanye abantu ezikhoyo ngenene, kodwa musa ungazibhali zona, musa ukuba amandla zenkqubo. Ngelo xesha, ukuba ukuqinisekiswa ubunyaniso bazo kuqinisekisiwe, ngoko isiseko ekuqaleni yemveliso iya kuba ubhaqo ngqo kakubi izibakala. Oku kusekelwe semthethweni umsebenzi karhulumente amagosa nokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

nokwanela data

Nangona kunjalo, akukho nanye yezi zizathu zilapha ngentla akuthethi ngokuzenzekelayo kuqulatha lokwaluka leenkqubo. Oku kwenzelwa ukuba zezinto ezithile eziziphumo kufuneka iqulathe iinkcukacha ezaneleyo kubonisa lokwaphula umthetho. Esi sikhundla lukhuselekile Art. 108 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo. data awoneleyo isethi imizila ezichongiweyo uphendlo yenkqubo okanye yokusebenza kuthetha ukuba ebonisa amacandelo ngamnye ityala. Ngokufuthi, nangona sebekhomba loo nto kunye nenxalenye njongo, ubuncinane - ukuya ezikhathazayo.

ulwazi ukungaqiniseki

Ukuba umqeshwa ufumana umyalezo, ukuba akanako ukuthatha isigqibo yenkqubo malunga nokuqala, okanye ukusilela kulo, ufanele kuzuza amalungiselelo Art. 109 CCP. Ngokuhambelana kunye nale ntsulungeko, ikhangelwe izizathu ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Injongo yawo okhonza ukuphawulwa izibakala oyinyaniso, esalatha iimpawu-mthetho. Onke amanyathelo afunekayo kufuneka zigqityiwe, ngaloo ndlela, ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ukufunyanwa ingcaciso efanelekileyo (chaza). Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuhlala ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintathu emva kokufika umyalezo. Kwiimeko ezizodwa kakhulu, ubude ukuze kwandiswe ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10.

iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo

Khangela imiyalezo ubukho kwamabala ngokuqala uphando olwenziwe ngu:

1. Ukucela izinto eziyimfuneko ngohlobo amaxwebhu kunye izinto.
2. Ukufumana ingcaciso.
3. LeeMviwo kule ndawo apho ulwaphulo mthetho kuthiwa.
4. inventri Imveliso, uphicotho, kunye nezinye iitsheki obubhaliweyo.
5. Yenza izenzo nokusebenza-uphendlo.
6. Embodiments ngokwemilinganiso ulawulo, ukuthengwa njalo njalo.

izithintelo

Isicelo imithetho Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukwenza nayiphi na intshukumo uhlobo bokuphanda ukuya kokuqaliswa kwimeko (oko kukuthi, ngokwesakhelo lokuhlolwa). Onjalo umyalelo ikuvumela ukugcina umahluko phakathi amanyathelo enkqubo. Njengoko Kwimeko ongasetyenziswayo kuyo lo mgaqo usebenza kuphela ukuba ayikhangele loo ndawo apho secala mthetho nokulungiselela lwaqhutywa kuye. Iimpapasho zomthetho icebisa ukuba amanyathelo ezithile bokuphanda kungathathwa isebenza kude neziko leenkqubo, ukuba zenziwa ngqo ukuqinisekisa ulwazi efunyenweyo. Umzekelo, abasebenzi utsaleleka kwi ithuba pfunaka ukuba enze ukubanjwa umrhanelwa phambi kokuqalisa uphando. Kuvumeleke kwakhona ukuqwalasela iprizenteyishini yokuchonga, forensics, kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi. Ngelo xesha, ezi nokucingela zichasene imithetho sisebenza eRashiya. Ngaphezu koko, akukho musa ukuhlangabezana iziseko yokuziphatha ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yentando yesininzi kunye yombuso osebenzayo ngesixhobo ngokusemthethweni. Ukuvumela imveliso amanyathelo ezithile bokuphanda phambi kokuqala uphando kuya kuthetha ithuba isicelo amanyathelo enkqubo yesinyanzelo, ukuthintelwa amalungelo kunye nomdla kwizifundo ze-mthetho, nangona ayaziwa, nokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kwimeko yezi nokucingela ukuze abasebenzi ukuxhotyiswa ATS ngokungenabulungisa basebenzisa iindlela yengcinezelo.

Ukwamkelwa isigqibo yenkqubo

Ukukhangela umyalezo ongenayo kufuneka ibonise nokuba ubukho okanye ukungabikho izizathu amanyathelo asemthethweni. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, isigqibo siya kwenziwa efanelekileyo. Kwimeko yokuqala ngayo isiseko zokutsala yesifundo umrhanelwa ngokunjalo bajamelene amanyathelo okulungisa (ambambe njl). Isigqibo sokuba liqalise uphando kufuneka bakhuthazeke. Kufuneka ke ukuba umthetho unika ithuba kwezifundo ukuba isibheno amaxwebhu utshilo.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa isihlandlo kuphela sinokwenza ukuqhuba ecaleni UK, elibonelela ngokucacileyo kuba kwi-Criminal Procedure Code. Akukho miyalezo ayikwazi ulinganiswa nabo. Abaqeshwa abenza iingxelo ezifunekayo ukuze basondele nerejista. Kwimeko unyango yomlomo isifundo eso sibhalwe up. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka ivavanywe lomyalezo ngamnye. Njengomgaqo, kuliwa kuzo zonke iimeko, ngaphandle lokufumana ubungqina bokuba kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho ngqo zabasebenzi ATS okanye ofisi yomtshutshisi. Check in ixesha lilincinane. Kulo mba, abasebenzi, uluzalise, kumele ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa ukuba ukuhlolisisa zonke iinkcukacha ezifumanekayo kwabo ngononophelo. Umthetho akavumi ukuphunyezwa izenzo bokuphanda, ukongeza ukuba sihlolwe ndima- gwenxa ngozi. Ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yazo yomthetho namagosa anyanzelisa kufuneka bathobele ulawulo nomthetho siseko kunye procedural.