Inqaku 171 of Code Criminal: ushishino mthethweni

Namhlanje abantu abaninzi ngakumbi ekuqaleni ukuzibandakanya kulo naliphi na ishishini, amakhulu okanye hayi. Phambi kokuqala imveliso yayo okanye iinkonzo, kufuneka ubhalise abasemagunyeni irhafu njenge iqumrhu elisemthethweni okanye ngumrhwebi.

Noko ke, asingabo bonke, efuna ukufumana inzuzo yokuba ishishini labo, uwele le nkqubo. Ngoko ke, apha sithetha ngayo ishishini mthethweni, apho umnini zombini yolawulo mthetho ityala.

On umthetho

Le Code Criminal ithathwa ukuphunyezwa ishishini ngaphandle sokubhalisa okanye ngaphandle kwephepha-mvume. Ngoko ke, ukuba umrhwebi sele arhente irhafu, kodwa isebenza ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekileyo, oko nayo kohlwaywa ngokomthetho (inqaku 171 of Code Criminal).

Iintlobo ushishino, nto leyo ngokuyimfuneko udinga ilayisenisi zichaziwe umthetho ekhethekileyo yamkelwa kule nkalo. Umzekelo, imvume eyodwa iyafuneka ekuqhutyweni kwemisebenzi zebhanki, ukuphunyezwa kwe turnover kwamafutha kunye zokuthambisa kunye nezinye iintlobo zamashishini. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze kukhuselwe imarike kwishishini kwezinto njenge umsebenzi onemvume ibandakanya ulawulo eyodwa phezu imisebenzi zezi kwamashishini.

ulwaphulo-mthetho

Ngoko ke, ukuba ngummi lenze isigqibo sokuba aqale ishishini (umsebenzi, okubonisa indlela ukufumana nayiphi na ingeniso), kufuneka ibhaliswe kulawulo serhafu kwi indawo lweshishini kunye / okanye ufumane ilayisensi.

Xa kunjalo, ukuba uqinisekile ukuba akukho enye okanye omnye akakho, umsebenzi iwela ngaphakathi nenkcazelo equlathe inqaku 171 of the Code Criminal - ushishino mthethweni. Kuxhomekeka ukuba bangaphi abantu ababandakanyeka noko umda yenzuzo sele wakwazi ukufumana isigwebo usomashishini ibekwa.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya: inqaku 171, inxalenye 1 Code Criminal.

Inxalenye 1 indawo ithi xa loo msebenzi ngokuqinileyo kuqulathe umonakalo omkhulu okanye ezinxulumene ngokufumana ingeniso kwi imali enjalo, ezi zohlwayo zilandelayo kanga:

- ahlawuliswe ukuya ku 300 lamawaka engange;..

- efunekayo umsebenzi iiyure 480;

- kokubanjwa kwiinyanga ukuya ku-6.

okuyingxenye 2

Ukongeza, inqaku 171 of Code zoLwaphulo kwakhona ibonelela enetyala lokwaphul 'umthetho ngabantu eziliqela kwisicwangciso kwangaphambili okanye hayi, kodwa ebangela umonakalo ingakumbi enkulu. Isohlwayo olu hlobo msebenzi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- ahlawuliswe ukuya ku 500 lamawaka engange;..

- ngabafakwa uviko kwiminyaka ukuya ku-5;

- ejele ukuya kwiminyaka-5 kunye omhle ukuya ku-80 amawaka engange ..

Ezi izohlwayo iqulathe inqaku 171, inxenye 2 Code Criminal.

kokulungiswa

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba nawuphi na umsebenzi enxulumene ekufumaneni ingeniso esisigxina, nokuba loo mntu unetyala likwazile ukwenza ukuthenga enye kuphela mthethweni. Noko ke, Inqaku 171 lomGaqo yoLwaphulo kuhlelo olutsha uye walungiselela zokuxolelwa kubutyala mthetho, ukuba ukwaphulwa komthetho okwenzeke okokuqala, lo ummi akukho rekhodi kulwaphulo-mthetho, benze imali njengembuyekezo wonke umonakalo obangelwe mhlawumbi bahlawulwe umvuzo kurhulumente ngokuzithandela.

Iinguqu abachaphazelekayo amanqaku ezininzi, kodwa yintoni ekhathaza khululo, kodwa ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho ubume elula, ngaphandle mandundu iimeko (ezifana inqaku 171, h. 1 of Code Criminal).

Malunga ubungakanani umonakalo okanye inzuzo kunokuthiwa ukuba ulawulo iya kuba imali usomashishini osakhasayo sele ifunyenwe. Oku kuquka ezo iindleko ezenziwe yi-usomashishini kwi nokucwangciswa ishishini.

Umzekelo, ukuba umnini Filling Station Nahlawulelwa isixa esithile, uze amafutha zithengwe kwaye ihlawulwe abasebenzi umvuzo, inani ekuthini imali debit kwiintengiselwano.

ukudla

Ukongeza zolwaphulo elibhalisileyo kubonelelwe kwiSiqendu 171 soMthetho i-Criminal Code (ishishini mthethweni), ingakumbi "phambili" noosomashishini musani ukuyeka apho. Oko kukuthi, kukho olunye uhlobo lweshishini mthethweni, apho lo mbutho ubhalisiwe okanye abe nephepha-mvume, kodwa kukho ingxaki kunye nempahla.

Inqaku 171,1 of Code Criminal ngokucacileyo ithi xa umntu ngokwasemthethweni okanye yendalo (Akukhathaliseki) ohambisa, ayithenge okanye ifumana noovimba okanye athengise impahla ngaphandle ukumakisha, oko kuthathwa ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Njengoko eminye imisebenzi phantsi mvume, kunye nempahla eninzi yabathengi zixhomekeke kuqinisekiso kunye nokufaka okhethekileyo.

Ngokwahlukeneyo, malunga neemveliso revolution ukutya, utywala necuba okhankanywe kwiSiqendu 171,1, izahlulo 3-6.

Xa kunjalo, ukuba usomashishini wenza kwimarike imveliso ngaphandle ingcaciso efunekayo imveliso okanye hayi ukuncamathisela isohlwayo iya kuba nezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

1. ubukhulu ezinkulu:

- ahlawuliswe ukuya ku-400 lamawaka engange;..

- ngenkani imisebenzi yabasebenzi ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3;

. - ubomi entolongweni kunye emi-3 dibanisa 'a' entle ukuya ku-80 amawaka Thambisani;.

2. nobukhulu ingakumbi enkulu:

- ahlawuliswe ukuya ku-700 lamawaka engange;..

- ngabafakwa uviko kwiminyaka ukuya ku-5;

- xa kuhanjiswa njengenyathelo lokuthintela kwi butho ukuya kwiminyaka emi-6 kunye isohlwayo semali engange ukuya kwizigidi 1.

Kwi-Code, kumanqaku ukuya inqaku 171,1, banikwe ukwalathelwa ubungakanani ngokwemiqathango imali ngezavenge. Kuba 3 kunye namalungu ezinkulu 4 - .. 250 amawaka engange, ingakumbi enkulu - million 1 engange.

iimveliso ezithile

Ngokubhekiselele utywala necuba mthetho ubonelela isohlwayo ukurhweba mpahla ngaphandle zokuphawula ekhethekileyo ngohlobo izitampu ekhaya. Xa oku yobukhulu enkulu iza sele kuba umda we-100 lamawaka miri, ingakumbi enkulu - .. 1 mln.

Ukuba usomashishini, wazi imfuneko iimveliso ileyibhile iziselo ezinxilisayo yaye mveliso icuba, musa ukuyenza loo nto, yena ijongene isivakalisi:

- ahlawuliswe ukuya ku 500 lamawaka engange .. (800 Hlikihla th at omkhulu ..);

- ngabafakwa uviko ukuya kwiminyaka-3 (ukuya kwiminyaka eli-6, ngokulandelelana);

- koloni, lo gama - ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3 kunye omhle ukuya ku-120 lamawaka engange .. (Iminyaka 6 no-1 million kwi kwisikali enkulu).

ishishini longcakazo

Imali umntu ngamnye efuna. Umntu uya ukusebenza kunye umntu inxaxheba kwimisebenzi mthethweni kunye nethemba inzuzo enkulu.

Ngokuphathelele umthetho wokuvalwa imibutho ukungcakaza kumazwe amaninzi, kwaye kananjalo eRashiya, oosomashishini mbekile nabo baye baqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo phantsi komhlaba okanye ukwenza isithuba esitsha midlalo. Kuyinto ezisitheleyo ingeniso ukusuka kolu hlobo lweshishini ibaluleke kakhulu, nangona kakhulu kuyingozi.

Kunye yokuvalwa waba inqaku ololo inika isohlwayo ethile ukuze kuphunyezwe izinto ezingekho mthethweni enjalo - 171,2. Le meko ngakumbi ingqalelo kophulwa esuka kwiSiqendu 171 of Code Criminal. Lo mthetho ayikho yahluke kakhulu, kukho uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi ibalulekile.

Xa sengqondo (inkcazelo isenzo) kubhaliwe kwathiwa ukuba lo mthetho msebenzi ishishini, olusekelwe phezu umbutho kunye / okanye nokuphunyezwa ukungcakaza. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umdlalo enokwenziwa usebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa, i-Internet, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwazo naziphi na iindlela zonxibelelwano. Ukuba usomashishini ulungelelanise imisebenzi efanayo kwindawo yokudlala kuvunyelwe, kodwa akazange afumane le mvume, oko kuya kuba criminally noxanduva.

Xa usebenza Kwiimeko ezinjalo kufuneka wathi zizenzo ngusomashishini zixhomekeke inkcazo oluqulathe inqaku 171, h. 1 Code Criminal, Noko ke, lo mthetho uye wagxininisa ngqo lo msebenzi ilungiselelo eyahlukileyo.

lweMelika

172,1 isohlwayo kakhulu, kodwa ngaphezu:

- ahlawuliswe ukuya ku 500 lamawaka engange;..

- efunekayo zabasebenzi ukuba iiyure 240;

- kobudala wenkululeko ukuya kwiminyaka-4 siswele - ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2.

Njengoko ukuba imimandla yokudlala eRashiya ezimbini kuphela, asinguye wonk 'Andinamali yaneleyo inxaxheba kungcakazo. Enye zone ibekwe kwingingqi Krasnodar ( "Azov-Isixeko"), okwesibini - in zeAltai ( "YaseSiberia Coin").

Isohlwayo amaqela ezizinzileyo kunye namagosa

Xa ityala lizibophelele ngabantu eziliqela zoqoqo, okanye usomashishini ngokwakhe inzuzo ngesixa enkulu kangangoko, inqaku 171,2 soMthetho i-Criminal Code Part 2 ukubonelela ukwayo zilandelayo:

- isohlwayo semali engange ukuya kwizigidi 1;.

- ubomi entolongweni ukuya kwiminyaka-4 kunye omhle ukuya ku 500 lamawaka engange ..

Ukuba kukho iimeko ingakumbi mandundu (iqela ihlelwe, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sikhundla okanye ubungakanani enkulu kakhulu), ubonelela makakhalaze ngenxa isohlwayo semali ukuya ku 1.5 million engange, kwakunye okhonzayo lwezivakalisi entolongweni iminyaka ukuya ku-6 kunye isohlwayo semali engange ukuya kwizigidi 1.

Ukongeza, ukuba isenzo lizibophelele yi ligosa okanye umntu phezulu (okanye hayi) isibonelelo umlomo umenzi wobubi uya inxaxheba elizayo imisebenzi yabo kwindawo efanelekileyo iminyaka ukuya ku-5. Le nxalenye sivakalisi iyaphunyezwa ngokudibeneyo kunye entolongweni kunye ecikizekileyo, nangona izohlwayo kungaba nje ngohlobo ukuvalelwa kwi kuyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiSiqendu 171 of Code Criminal aliqulathanga iinkcukacha ezinjalo.

nezenzo ezinxulumene

Ngoko ke, ngokubhekisele osomashishini ukwenza ishishini mthethweni (ngaphandle sokubhalisa okanye ngaphandle mvume kwimisebenzi ethile), kukho amanqaku amaninzi apho umsebenzi wahlulwe yi uhlobo imveliso okanye imveliso.

Umzekelo, inqaku 172 of the Code Criminal baqatshelwa ngokwahlukileyo isohlwayo kwimisebenzi zebhanki mthethweni, kunye Inqaku 222 - ngenxa iingalo ukurhweba, obenziwe iqela labantu (Inxalenye 2 nele-3).

ukubhalisa

Kwezinye iimeko, uyakwazi ukuthetha malunga nokusekwa mthethweni (ukudalwa) yequmrhu elisemthethweni. isigwebo mthethweni kwaye ziya kuqwalaselwa kuphela sobhaliso eso, apho kusetyenziswa amaxwebhu lwenkohliso okanye kweziqu.

Kulo mzekelo, nokuba isiseko esiluqilima kwaye uphumeza imisebenzi ezisemthethweni, besaphula imithetho ukubhalisa wohlwaywe phantsi Inqaku 173,1 ye-Code Criminal.

isakhiwo

Njengoko nawuphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho, isenzo, obonelela kwiSiqendu 171 of the Code Criminal, kufuneka kwakhona ibe yinxalenye, okanye izenzo akayi kuba umsebenzi mthethweni.

Ukuqwalasela ishishini mthethweni ngokoMthetho kwithiyori umthetho lolwaphulo-mthetho, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekwakhiweni enye indlela, izinto kunye ngokusesikweni, kwaye kokufaneleka ingakumbi elivumelekileyo imiqondiso leyo echaza ngokupheleleyo Inqaku 171 of Code Criminal.

Iindlela uphando

Ukuchongwa lamacala ukuba ajonge iimpawu ukuba uya kubalisa umsebenzi kwizifungo iphunyezwe nje ngokungekho mthethweni.

Kwakhona unalo bokuqonda yayo. Lo mcuphi kufuneka ufumanise ukuba kanye kanye iinkcukacha kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, kwaye xa lonke ishishini inye kuthathelwa ingqalelo mthethweni. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ngeniso kunye acatshulwe kwishishini ngokwesini.

Ukuba le mali ngomlinganiselo omkhulu (kuquka impahla), ukusuka kwi 1.5 million engange., Ulwaphulo-mthetho uyakufanelekela phantsi Part 1 weSiqendu 171, ukuba isikali elikhulu (6 mln.), Applied Inqaku 171 , h. 2 Code Criminal.

Okokuqala kufuneka ukuchaza, ngokubanzi, nawuphi na nqaku sifaneleke ulwaphulo-mthetho, ze emva koko ukuqokelela ubungqina, ngokusekelwe kumxholo ukubambana.

Umzekelo, ukuba umrhwebi na ubhaliso kunye negunya irhafu kwaye kukho imvume naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi, kodwa enyanisweni usomashishini yenza okwenziwe kwifomu osecaleni okanye efanayo, ngoko ke kufuneka ulinganiswa ukwenza ushishino ngaphandle kwephepha-mvume.

Kutheni le nto isenzeka? Oku kungenxa yokuba umsebenzi ngalunye imithetho yayo kunye neemfuno, ukusukela abasebenzi ziphethe isakhiwo apho sibekwe khona inkampani. Ngoko ke, ukuze siphephe iingxaki nomthetho ekuphumezeni iintlobo ezininzi ezinxulumene nomsebenzi (iinkonzo, imveliso) kuyimfuneko ukuze ufumane ilayisensi ngasinye.

Ukongeza, ukuba imvume enjalo sele apho, kodwa sele liphelile kwaye umnini iyaqhubeka ukwenza lo msebenzi, nto leyo iye yaqwalasela ukugxojwa (kwiSiqendu 171 soMthetho i-Criminal Code of the Russian Federation kunye nezimvo).

iimpawu amacala

Ndiqinisekile ukuba kubalulekile ukuphawula indawo iNkundla Ephakamileyo ngokuphathelele mvume kwishishini esinye isifundo. Ngokutsho uMthetho Federal "On mvume ... 'wihi lwengingqi mvume azifani, kunokwenzeka ukuba aququzelele ishishini kwenye indawo, kwaye ufumane ilayisensi kwelinye (ukuba, umzekelo, namasebe kwilizwe ngokubanzi).

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho ummandla uthabathe besenza okuchasene emisiweyo ukuba kwemithetho Federation okanye enxulumene kwisakhono la maqumrhu, kunye usomashishini Esayama isenzo, ifumene mvume, oko akuthethi ethwele uxanduva mthetho okanye zezolawulo.

Amaninzi kunye emfundo ye-mthetho, nto leyo ichaza Inqaku 171 of the Code Criminal, icala umthetho ibonisa iintlobo ezininzi izenzo ezingekho mthethweni ezifana imali ngokungekho semthethweni (kwiSiqendu 174), ukusetyenziswa mark nokomnye trade (kwiSiqendu 180-I) kunye like.

Ubunzima ku afanelekele

Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo ka-, eyapapashwa ngoNovemba 17, 2004, malunga nezenzo ezinxulumene amatyala ishishini mthethweni, uzinikele zonke iinzima amaxesha nobuchule kunye nokugwetywa. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho xwebhu, kunzima indawo elandelayo:

- Ingcaciso ye sifundo;

- zithako ezinxulumene umahluko;

- ingqikelelo yengeniso - umahluko phakathi ngexesha elinye-intengiselwano kunye ishishini actual.

Ngokubhekiselele kwingeniso ngasentla kuye bathi phantsi ezinjalo kufuneka iqondwe yonke imali enikwa iindleko ukuphunyezwa. Ukuba ityala ababandakanyekayo ngaphezu komntu omnye, ingeniso kuthathelwa ingqalelo kumanqaku ewonke afunyenwe ngumviwa.

Umahluko phakathi ingeniso-namashishini ngexesha elinye-eyona njongo. Ukuba umntu yentengo, umzekelo, ifowuni ephathwayo eTshayina, waza wathengisa ngayo eRashiya iyabiza ngakumbi, oko akujongwa hayi ishishini kunye nomthetho zohlwaywe.

Le deal, leyo ijolise ekwenzeni inzuzo, utyalo ngakumbi imali kuthengwe imveliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo uthathwa ukuba abe imisebenzi usomashishini.

Njengoko ISiqendu 171 inophawu ingubo, ucacise yintoni na ishishini ngqo, kusenokwenzeka kwinqaku 2 Code Civil.

nokudala ezinxulumene Malunga bathi xa zolwaphulo-mthetho ukuya kuhlobo olufanayo (kulo mzekelo, ukuze komda wemisebenzi yoqoqosho), kunye namanqaku benobubele ibonisa izenzo ezifanayo.

ehlobene

Njengoko umzekelo nezibonelelo Code Criminal 171 no 159. Kwaye ungabona ukuba zombini ezi meko umoni wophula, enyanisweni, ubusela. Kuphela kwinqaku lokuqala esithetha ngqo malunga ishishini, ejolise ingeniso, nto leyo eya kuba character qho, kwaye inqaku lesibini - irisithi (ngokusebenzisa mthethweni) impahla, enokususwa okanye engenakususwa, kubandakanywa imali. Ngaloo ndlela ubuqhetseba isenokuba uhlobene kwishishini, uze ube ngenxa yezenzo ezingekho mthethweni lwe ngummi zesiqhelo.

nokuzimisela ityala

Umbuzo ezinxulumene kumxholo ulwaphulo ngazo isigqibo kakhulu ngokungaqhutywa luluvo. It ayikuvumeli Izichasi nokucaciswa iinketho lomyalezo ukuba isohlwayo kufuneka isicelo ngummi ngamnye.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuba nobutyala ngenxa izinto ezingekho mthethweni, kuqukwa nokwenziwa ezinxulumene, ethwele umntu ngendlela enye okanye omnye iye abaqeshwe ngokusisigxina okanye ngokungesosigxina, intloko kwishishini, kuquka amasebe kunye ofisi nommeli (inqaku 171 soMthetho i-Criminal Code of the Russian Federation kunye nezimvo). Ngamagama alula, oku kuthetha ukuba ummangalelwa kuphela ibalulekileyo.

Abaqeshwa abasebenza kwishishini ze enze imiyalelo yakhe sahluko akayi kuba naxanduva umsebenzi okungekho mthethweni entloko.

Isigqibo senkundla

A enetyala phantsi kwiSiqendu 171 of Code yoLwaphulo kufuneka siqulathe inxalenye ezichazayo nenkuthazo yezizathu apho kwagqitywa ukuba umsebenzi othile ungummi waba zoshishino.

Malunga ulwaphulo-mthetho, ngenxa ziye imali nje kuphela ezifunyenweyo kodwa ke ixabiso okanye ipropati, wabeka isivakalisi enjalo, apho inxalenye ezichazayo nenkuthazo sezizathu ukujika imali efana kurhulumente.

Indawo ummi wamangalelwa njenge ummangalelwa, wayengazi ngemfuneko ukubhalisa okanye ufumane ilayisensi, akunamsebenzi: ngokungazi yomthetho akukho sizathu. Ingakumbi xa kuziwa kwi kwisigqibo ngokumalunga nokuphunyezwa kwezinye izinto, uluhlu abambalwa kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba kulahleke nje. Akuthandeki ukuba umenzi imisebenzi xa kuthe kwakho imbabala, umzekelo, wayengazi ukuba oko kuyimfuneko ukuze ufumane ilayisensi.

Ukongeza, nayiphi na inkampani enkulu, apho uceba ukusebenza usomashishini kwi intsebenziswano zokwakha njengentsimi mvume compulsorily zifuna olu xwebhu.