Izizathu eziphambili ezibangela ukupheliswa serfdom eRashiya

Kanye ngo ngo1856, yaphela iMfazwe iCrimea, ababhali-mbali abaninzi bathi xesha inkululeko nenguqulo eRashiya. Kodwa nkqu kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo emva kwexesha, izazinzulu ezininzi, iinkcuba kunye namanani oluntu baye bafumana izizathu ukupheliswa serfdom. A base ngempela, ubuncinane, elite xesha wayecinga ukuba serfdom - iba okubi ubuncinane. Nokuba wadala indawo efihlakeleyo kubavukeli serfdom, kodwa zonke lilize.

Ngowe-1855, waya amandla ukumkani omtsha. Alexander II ukususela ebuntwaneni babeqhele ukuya unyango enobuntu zabantu, ukuba ongaphumiyo naluphi na uhlobo ubume ekuhlaleni. Noko ke, umlawuli omtsha ayikho ingakumbi ungxamile kwanawokuqhuba nayiphi na iinguqu, nangona bazi kakuhle ukuba backwardness yobugcisa ka-Russia, kunye serfdom - izizathu na ukuba kuthiwe engundoqo, ethe yalahleka imfazwe. Nantoni na, kodwa ekugqibeleni, Alexander II ukungena kwisigqibo sokuba iinguqulelo eziyimfuneko ngokwenene, yaye kufuneka wenziwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ngoko ke, le ndawo esisiseko nokupheliswa serfdom, oku kulandelayo: loo kuqhokrwa kakhulu ukukhula kushishino, eyinkunzi eza ngokucothayo kakhulu, kwaye ke kusenokwenzeka ukuba iRussia uya kuba urhulumente yesibini.

Esinye isizathu yinto yokuba zonke iifama abalimi nako ukumelana size wonakele, kwaye konke kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba abaqeshisi kaninzi kakhulu anda serfdom, kunye irente ohlawula amafama ukuba enze nto ngaphezu ukuya njani ukusebenza kwi mveliso.

I sengxoxo wesithathu kukuba serfdom le sizathu siphambili imfazwe iCrimea ebilahlekile. Phezu kobuso yaba kukuba Russia ine kakhulu eliphezulu-zobugcisa zomkhosi ubuthathaka xa kuthelekiswa namanye amagunya emikhulu. Ukongeza, amafama zonakala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngenxa imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo neerhafu, abalimi abaninzi babaleka kude benani.

Esinye isizathu - a ukukhula Sasungulwa yokuvukela. Bona, enyanisweni, singenanto ukulahlekelwa, ngoko uqale ukuphazamiseka. Urhulumente woyika kakhulu, ukuba ukuqala i "Pugachevshchina" yesibini.

Isizathu yesihlanu ukupheliswa serfdom kukuba ezo abalawuli ngokwabo bazi kakuhle ukuba le miba, bona, ngokungathi kwi nomgqomo lomgubo, yaye simele senze ntoni ukuze benze iinguqu, kodwa kungenjalo akukho nto intle ayiyi kuphela.

Ekugqibeleni, isizathu yesithandathu serfdom kwafuneka ukurhoxisa ngakumbi kwaye kwathathwa ngabaninzi njengoko ubukhoboka wokwenene phantse onke amacandelo oluntu wagxeka le miba.

Oku zonke izizathu ukupheliswa serfdom, kodwa ezi zinto zifuneka kuqala ezintandathu urhulumente kakhulu ziinkathazo.

Kwakunjalo kwiminyaka yokuqala wokulawula yokumkani omtsha watyikitywa umthetho uxolelo. Phantsi kwemiqathango emininzi Decembrists, kwakunye namalungu nezinye neziphithiphithi uxwebhu yafumana inkululeko yabo, ukuphelisa ezinye iindawo zokuhlala zomkhosi ukuhluza, nangona wahlala, kodwa kakhulu buthathaka, kwaye baye phesheya kuye ukhululekile.

Urhulumente omtsha sele zize zibubone zonke izizathu ukupheliswa serfdom, kodwa isicwangciso ecacileyo inyathelo abazange. Kodwa kuluntu ngelo xesha kwakukho kakade amanqaku ezahlukeneyo inkcubeko, imbali kunye noncwadi, banyusa yoyilo zabo kuphuculo elitsha. Eyona yodumo inqaku Kavelina mbali, ngubani babekholelwa ukuba ngexesha kuphuculo umlimi kufuneka athathe ingqalelo kungekuphela umdla kwabanini, kodwa abalimi. Ngokwembono yakhe, aba bantu kufuneka ufumene umhlaba ukusetyenziswa, kwaye abaqeshisi - umvuzo kuyo.

Kwakhona, lo mntu uchazwe kakhulu ngokucacileyo zonke izizathu ukupheliswa serfdom, nyhani ke abo bantu bayiphulaphula kuye. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba urhulumente uncoma ke ntliziyo wayengekho, nto nokuba emsebenzini kwindawo yabo emsebenzini, kodwa ubulungisa ke kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele le yokuba ukuba ingcamango yakhe waza wachaza ukuba izibonelelo eziphambili ngokutsha elizayo.