Iyintoni intsingiselo yamandla amabini? 1917

Kwimbali, kukho amaxesha amaninzi xa kukho umbuso ombini kwilizwe. Izizathu zingahlukahluka kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Iyintoni intsingiselo yamandla amabini eRashiya ngo-1917-1918?

Iimeko zolawulo lwaseRashiya zingabonwa njengeyodwa.

Ukuphonswa kwe-tsarism

Ngo-1917 eRashiya yatshintsha imbali yombuso kwiingcambu. UMbusi waseRashiya uNiclaslas II wasuka ePetrograd ngoFebruwari 22, 1917. Inani labaphangi ezitalatweni zeso sixeko laqhubeka likhula. Ngomhla kaFebruwari 24, bekusele 90,000.

NgoFebruwari 25, inani labaphangi sele lidlulile kumawaka angama-250, eyayiyinto eyingqayizivele kwimbali yolawulo lwaseRashiya ngelo xesha. Ngowe-1917 eRashiya uya kutshabalalisa ngonaphakade amandla okumkani.

Kwisihlwele kwakukho ukukhwela phakathi kwabaphangi, okufudumala ngakumbi nangomsindo kunye noMongameli uNiclas II. Ngomso olandelayo, i-tsar yaqeda imisebenzi ye-State Duma de ngo-Ephreli 1918. Kwisixeko kwakukho ukuxabana phakathi kwezempi kunye namapolisa, okukhokelela ekuvukeleni kwebutho lezempi lasePetrograd. Umkhosi waqalisa ukuthatha inxalenye yabalweli kunye nabaqhankqalazi. Iimbangela kunye nentsholongwane yamandla amabini alala ekulawulweni kolawulo lwe-tsarist.

Ukuqala kwamandla amabini

Ngenxa yokuchithwa kwe-tsarism kunye nobukumkani kwiBukhosi baseRashiya, kwakuqala ixesha elinamandla.

Iyintoni intsingiselo yamandla amabini? Yintoni na? Amandla aphindwe kabini xa oorhulumente babini basebenza ngokufanayo kunye ngokuzimela. Ngoko bekuphakathi kwithuba phakathi kweenguqulelo zikaFebhuwari no- Oktobha. Ngosizo lweNguqulelo kaFebhuwari, kwakunokwenzeka ukugumbuqela isigwebo sikaNicholas II ngelo xesha.

Kwaye kwaqulunqwa amabhunga amabhunga amabini: uRhulumente oNgezelelweyo kunye nenkqubo yeeSoviet. Ngokwemvelo, ezimbini iinkqubo zikaRhulumente zazingenakulingana ngokuthula kwelinye ilizwe, kwaye kwakukho imfuneko yokuxabana. Ukuze uhlolisise kwaye uqondisise intsingiselo yamandla amabini aseRussia ngo-1917, kuyimfuneko ukuphendukela kwiingxaki. Amagunya amabini abangela umzabalazo wabantu.

Ulwabala kunye neengxaki

Emva kweNguqulelo kaFebruwari, iipolitiki zatshintsha ngokupheleleyo eRashiya. Ukuqonda ubunzulu bamandla amabini ngeli xesha leemeko, umntu kufuneka aphendule kwimibono yezopolitiko.

Isikhundla seMensheviks sichasene nesimo seBolsheviks kunye nenkqubo yamabhunga. I-Mensheviks zizityebi kwaye zihloniphekile zaseRashiya ezingafuni ukutshintsha okukhulu kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho. Baye badala uRhulumente wexesha elijongene noKerensky kwaye bakholelwa ukuba ngoku ayikho ixesha lokuguqulwa kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho. Ukumkani uhambe, ngoku kufuneka uhlalise kwaye ucinge malunga nokwenza ntoni ngokulandelayo. Bebengengabancedisi bokuba iRussia yayilungele ukutshintshwa kwenkqubo yentlalo yoluntu. Bathi oku akunakwenzeka kweli nqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwalo kwaye kuya kuthatha ixesha.

I-Bolsheviks, kwakhona, yayinezentshabalali ebantwini kwaye iphikisana neengcamango zabo kwimbono yoRhulumente wexesha elihle. Bekholelwa ukuba iRashiya yayilungele kwaye ingenza uguquko lwentlalo-ntsapho oluya kubaxhamla abasebenzi nabasebenzi.

Emva koko kulandelelwano lwe-Epreli, kaJuni noJulayi. Kwiintlobo zokuqala ezimbini , uRhulumente oPhezulu kunye namaSoviet bazama ukufumana ingxaki kunye nokuvuma. NgoJulayi, xa kwacaca ukuba akukho nto iza kuvela kuyo, ukubonakaliswa kwabasebenzi kunye nabasekeli beBolsheviks kwaqala ePetrograd.

Revolution!

I-Bolsheviks yayingayihoyi ngokucacileyo iMensheviks kwaye ayiyiqondi into ebalulekileyo yamandla amabini. Okwangoku, i-revolution yesibili yayiphunga kuluntu. Kwacaca ukuba ukungqinelana kwezopolitiko phakathi kwabameli boRhulumente kunye noSoviets kwakungenakwenzeka. IiSoviet kunye neBolsheviks zinyathelo elilodwa phambi koRhulumente wexesha elizeleyo kwaye ziqale ukubonakalisa kwiPetrograd ngoJulayi 4 phantsi kwezivakalisi "Wonke amandla kumaSoviet!", "Umhlaba ukuya kubahlali". Iyintoni intsingiselo yamandla amabini ngeli xesha? Amandla aphindwe kabini.

I-Bolsheviks, ekhokelwa nguVladimir Lenin, yenze ngokuphumelelayo kwibala lokudubulana nokuthandabuza. Baye bathabatha ngokucacileyo izibhengezo abantu abafuna ukuziphulaphula.

Nangona amandla asemibini eRussia, umbuzo wezilwanyana ongezantsi wawusombululwanga. Abasimili, ngokuyinxalenye, bahlala bengenamhlaba wabo. ULenin wathembisa umhlaba.

Abasebenzi bezixeko basebenze phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kwaye akukho mntu wayefuna ukujongana nemibuzo yabo. ULenin wathembisa ukuba umhla wokusebenza wabasebenzi uza kuncitshiswa kwaye imivuzo iya kuphakanyiswa.

URhulumente oNgezelelweyo unxusa inkxaso kwi-General Kornilov, owayengumkhosi wamkhosi. Uthe uthe uya kunceda, kwaye abaqhankqalazi abayi kufeza nantoni na. UKorlolov wayeyindoda yemibono yobukhosi kwaye akazange amkele utshintsho lwezenhlalakahle nezezopolitiko. Isikhundla esinyanisekileyo nesincinci seMensheviks kwakukuthanda kwakhe.

Nangona kunjalo, uLenin kunye neBolsheviks bafumana inkxaso eninzi kubantu babantu abadumile kwaye banakho ukugqiba umkhankaso wabo wokuguqulwa kokugqibela, ngokuphumelela uRhulumente oPhezulu. Ngethuba lovuko, umkhosi we-General Kornilov wajoyina abaqhankqalazi kwicala lamaBolsheviks.

Ukuphela kweNguqulelo

Emva kokuba umkhosi uthathe uhlangothi lweBolsheviks, amaMensheviks alahlekelwa ithuba lokugqibela nethemba. Kwakuyisoyisa lokugqibela.

AmaBolshevik aqala ukudala amabhunga abo kunye namaziko karhulumente. Nangona uLenin wathembisa umhlaba kubahlali, umbuzo wabo wawungasombululwa. Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha lobomi bukaLenin akaxazululwa.

Umbuzo kunye nabasebenzi, nawo, awusombululwanga. Oku kubangele ukuthukuthela phakathi kwabasebenzi, kodwa akuzange kuholele ekuhlaseleni, ukuphazamiseka nokuguquka.

Kwixesha elizayo, emva kweenguqulelo, izenzo zeBolsheviks zijoliswe ekuhlaziyweni kwecandelo lezoqoqosho laseRashiya.