Sulphuric acid ucukene kwimveliso mveliso

Impumelelo oshishino chemical ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo namhlanje namhlanje ukwenza izinto ezintsha kunye neemathiriyeli, esebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo iikhompawundi chemical. Omnye umzekelo kungenziwa ngokwendawo sulphuric acid, nto leyo eqhelekileyo kakhulu kwishishini kwemichiza le.

Sulphuric acid kokuba H2SO4 ifomula, i ulwelo ngaphandle umbala Pancake guquki, leyo akuba 10,4 ° C iguqulelwa ibe crystalline mass esiqinileyo. sulphuric acid wamandla iqulethe 96,4% SO4, nokuxinana layo eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye ifikelela 1,87 g / cm, nto leyo ilitha 1 ingaphithikezwanga sulphuric acid ubunzima malunga 2 kg. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba xa iasidi unyityilikiswa emanzini, iqondo wayo kakhulu linyuke, ekubeni indlela apho isixa esikhulu carbohydrate. Le propati ephawulekayo ngokubanzi zazisetyenziselwa ukwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yokunyuka lobushushu kwamanzi kuphela, kodwa kwezinye izinto ezimanzi.

Kanzulu sulphuric acid kwakhona kusetyenziselwa ekufunxeni iigesi, kuba unawo amandla okutsala iperi lulwelo ezahlukeneyo. Ipropati efanayo kubangelwa nokosa ezithile izinto eziphilayo, ingakumbi iikhabhohayidrethi, wadibana ne-acid. Isibakala sokuba carbohydrate ziqulathe hydrogen neoksijini kwi inxalenye elinganayo H2SO4, nto leyo qha ezi zinto sulphuric acid uqokelela kwi carbohydrate emanzini, carbon yona ikhutshwa carbon nothuli.

Xa imveliso isichumiso kwimiyezo ngokwendawo sulphuric acid, iipropati imichiza leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo njenge arhente elungileyo oxidizing, oko lukwasetyenziswa asuse nezinye ii-asidi eguqukayo evela iityuwa. Ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuvelisa izichumisi, ezifana superphosphate, ammonium sulfate kunye nabanye. Ngokusebenzisa kwiipropati oxidative, isetyenziselwa igcwala lwezinto ezenziwe ngesinyithi bemi emgceni phambi conjugation yesilivere ebandakanya wonke, ngaloo ndlela kusenziwa ngcelele ezimbini neetyuwa - sulfates (uhlobo medium) kunye hydrosulfates (uhlobo acid) ukuba ikheswa Ester.

Sulphuric acid - ulwelo abuhlungu kakhulu, nto leyo eye mphunga uyingozi. Bukhulu bomgama kuvumelekile of H2SO4 umphunga xi yi-1 mg / m3, apho bonke abasebenzi ajongene sulphuric acid, nezingubo ezikhutshiweyo kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela zobuqu. Ngokwendawo sulphuric acid, iimpawu zazo eziyingozi kakhulu abantu ngaphandle ukhuselo, isetyenziswa kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:

- ezwi industrial organic;

- imveliso ebeka iziyobisi;

- ukucocwa imveliso yeoli;

- isikhumba kunye noshishino metal-sabasebenzi;

- ukwenziwa iidayi, iiplastiki, iisepha njalo njalo.

Sulphuric acid iveliswa kwiindlela ezimbini industrial - nokusetyenziswa lwabafowunelwa eqinileyo (ehlanganisa), kunye nokusebenzisa oxides zenitrogen (indlela oxide). Okubonakalayo amaninzi izenzo isalfure, kodwa kwiintlobo ezithile ze-sulphuric acid zingasetyenziswa sulfides yesinyithi. Namuhla aveze sulphuric acid kanzulu, kwezi ndidi zilandelayo: zobugcisa, neoli vitriol, net (ibhetri), oleum (acetic) nenqaba ende.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufuneka kwakhona kugxininiswe ukuba sulphuric acid kukuba abuhlungu izinto eziyityhefu 2 iklasi ingozi. Xa lesitofu kurhawula inhalation acid umphunga ibunjwa ye phecana eliphezulu wokuphefumla, ephelekwa ukhohlokhohlo ugonyamelo, nto leyo eyaba iphika, tracheitis , kunye laryngitis. Yiyo loo nto xa usebenzisa sulphuric acid ingqalelo enkulu ihlawulwe iqondo eliphezulu ukukhusela abasebenzi kwimiphumo eyingozi engamanzi kunye icandelo kaEtere weli.