Ixesha liya kuxela! Ukwakha utshintshi eSt. Petersburg

I-St. Petersburg ayiyona kuphela inkunzi yenkcubeko yaseRashiya. Yimyuziyam yezixeko apho izikhumbuzo kunye nezakhiwo zakhiwo ziqokelelwa ngayo, kugcinwa imemori yelifa lemveli leenkcubeko kunye nabantu. Enye yezi zakhiwo zakhiwo zakhiwa iSakhiwo saseSt. Petersburg, esimele esithombeni. Kwintlabathi esenyakatho, oku mhlawumbi isakhiwo esifanayo nesakhiwo sangaphambili.

Buyela kwixesha elidlulileyo. Uvavanyo lokuqala

Imbali yeSakhiwo seSashishini eSt. Petersburg sinokwahlukana ngamaxesha amaninzi.

Isakhiwo sokuqala sakhiwe nge-1730s kwaye sahlulwa emthini. Oku kwaba yimfuneko malunga nokudluliselwa kwiSpit yaseVasilievsky Island ukusuka kwisiqithi saseTroitskaya Square.

Kancinci, ngenxa yemisebenzi kaPetros I, isixeko saqala ukuvuselelwa kwaye sakhiwa ngamatye, kwaye indawo yokuqala "yamatye" yayiza kuba sisiqithi saseVasilievsky njengeziko elicwangcisiweyo le sixeko esitsha. Nangona kunjalo, isakhiwo sokuqala samatye sokuShintshana kwakuza kwakhiwa apha emva koko - kuphela kuma-1780. UGiacomo Quarenghi wamiselwa ukuba abe ngumakhi weziko lokubaluleka ebalulekileyo. Isakhiwo sokutshintshiselwa eSt. Petersburg kwakuza kuba yindawo ebalulekileyo yokwakha izakhiwo. Kodwa akuzange, ekubeni ukwakhiwa, okwaqala ngo-1783, kwavalwa ngo-1788 ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwiprojekthi. Akuzange nje kuphela ukuba i-joint ayifaki ukujikeleza isakhiwo esitsha. Leyo ndlela yokuTshintshiselwa kwaphakamisa ezinye iintandabuzo. UQearenghi ucebise ukuba enze i-oval.

Buyela kwixesha elidlulileyo. Inzame yesibini

Isakhiwo esilandelayo sakhiwo saseState saseSt. Petersburg sasiyinkosi yaseFransi uJean Francois Tom de Tomon.

Ukusebenza kwiprojekthi entsha, wenza izinto ezine. Enyanisweni, zonke iiprojekthi zazifana kakhulu. Kuphela ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu bezohlukeneyo. Abakhi bezakhiwo ezimbini abadumileyo baseSt. Petersburg, uAndrian Zakharov kunye noAndrei Voronikhin bathatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kweendlela ezimbini. Isigaba sokudalwa kweprojekthi entsha yeSash Exchange sathatha malunga neminyaka emithathu kwaye saqhubeka ukususela ngo-1781 ukuya ku-1784.

Ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esitsha seSash yaseSt. Petersburg saqala ngokuhambelana nenye yezinto ezahlukileyo zeprojekthi ngo-1784 kwaye zaphela ngo-1816. UTom de Thomon akaqhelanga nje indlela yokwakha isakhiwo esitsha kwiziseko ezindala kunye neengxande zeendonga zakhiwo zeQuarenghiev, kodwa kwakhona wacwangcisa ukubonakala kwe-Strelka yeSiqithi saseVasilyevsky ngokupheleleyo. Ukumema iikhephethi phantsi kolawulo lukaSamson Sukhanov, wabonisa uhlobo olumangalisayo lomgca we-cape yesiqithi, wayigubungela njengesaphetha, ngaphandle kwe-Neva, kunye nesakhiwo seSchange kunye neentsika ezimbini ze-Rostral. Ngendlela, kwindlela yokwakhiwa kwamakholamu kwathatha inxaxheba kuSamson Sukhanov - yenzelwe imihlobiso emangalisayo yemifanekiso.

Isakhiwo esasisondeleyo sasendulo

Ukuba ukhangele ngokukhawuleza, kuyacaca ukuba isakhiwo sokutshintshiselwa eSt. Petersburg sifana kakhulu netempile yaseGrike yasendulo. Eyakhelwe kwi-stylobate ephakamileyo, ejikelezwe ngumyalelo wenkqubo, ukwakhiwa kwamatye amhlophe kubonakala yindawo apho oothixo base-Olympus bahlala khona. Kodwa khangela! Ngaphezulu kwe-Attic Exchange, ii-Olympians - iPoseidon (Neptune) ezivela kwi-Neva neHermes (i-Mercury) - ukusuka kwicala leSchange Square likhoyo. I-Neptune ilawula ngokugqithiseleyo amahashe olwandle - i-hippocampus, ehleli enqwelweni yakhe. Iya ngqo kuMlambo waseNvava kwaye ukhangele umlambo ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, uze ulandele amahashe ukuya emlonyeni we-Neva - kwiLwandle laseBaltic, ukuya kwiindawo zawo zomthonyama. Enyanisweni, ngokungafani namanzi afudumele aseAegean, iMeditera, uLigurian okanye i-Adriatic Sea, amanzi oku kubanda kakhulu kwaye akabi. Kwaye kude kakhulu kwilizwe lakubo. Kodwa endleleni, imimoya yasekuhlaleni iya kumnceda. Ngokwezinye zeenguqulelo, uNeva noVolkhov.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlobisa isakhiwo seSashishini sinomxholo othile webhishini: uMthunywa wezithixo kunye nomphathi wezorhwebo kunye nokuhamba, ukukopela kunye nesela uHermes, ukhusela imigangatho yokurhweba kwi-Exchange Square. Kwaye akukho ndawo ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko, ininzi yokuhamba, kwaye ngoko ixesha elaneleyo lokuba nexesha lokufumanisa iimpahla ezifakiwe kunye nokufumana inzuzo efanelekileyo. Kubuhlungu bubuhlungu kule mimandla yemozulu.

Ithempeli laseMuz izolo namhlanje

"Kutheni i tempile yeMuses?" - uyabuza. Ngenxa yokuba kuvela kule nhlanganisela yegama ukuba igama elithi "iminyuziyamu" (i-museum) lenzeke. Kwaye ukususela ngowe-1939 ekwakhiweni kweSchange kwiVasilievsky Isiqithi i-Naval Museum, eyayikho phakathi kweendonga iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe, kwaye ngo-2011 kuphela yafudukela kwindawo entsha "yokuhlala." Ngokomxholo wokuqala, endaweni yemyuziyam, i-exchange exchange must be located here. Kodwa esi sicwangciso asizange senziwe.

Ngo-2011, urhulumente waseSt. Petersburg wenza isigqibo sokutshintshela i-Exchange kwi-Hermitage, kodwa emva kokutshintsha kobunkokeli, le cwangciso yayiyi-fiasco.

Ngokweprojekthi yesithathu, ecetywayo ngo-2012, iNkundla yezoBulungisa yayiza kufakwa kwisakhiwo seSashishini. Kodwa akukho nto yenzeke.

Ngo-2013, imeko yeso sakhiwo eside esingenalutho yaqala ukubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Umlawuli weHermitage M. Piotrovsky uye wachaza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba isakhiwo sembali kufuneka sisebenze njengembali - kufuneka senze imali yemyuziyam. Ngenxa yeengxoxo zomshushu, kwagqitywa ukuba idlulise isakhiwo seSashishini eSt. Petersburg ukuya kwiHermitage phantsi kweofisi yesebe-iMyuziyam yoLondolozo kunye neHeralaldry.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba nethemba lokuba isabelo seSchange siphendululwe? Ixesha liya kuxela!

Isakhiwo sokuShintshana eSt. Petersburg sise-Birzhevaya Ploshchad, 4.