Isibonakaliso sobutywala ngotywala kunye nonyango ekhaya

Iimpawu emva kokutywala utywala ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Siza kubachaza ngezantsi. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba izibonakaliso ezinjalo zokungaxhatshazi zichazwe ngokucacileyo. Ungazibonisi nzima.

Ulwazi jikelele

Utywala obunxilisayo (iimpawu, unyango ekhaya luya kuchazwa ngokuqhubekayo) kuthatha indawo ehamba phambili kwilizwe lethu phakathi kwazo zonke izifo zetyhefu zasekhaya. Kwiimeko ezingaphezu kwama-60%, le meko ibangela ukufa. Uninzi lwabo (malunga nama-95-98%) lwenzeka ngaphambi kokubonelelwa ngononophelo lwonyango.

Ukususela ekuqapheliseni iimpawu zesifo esinxilisayo esinxilisayo kunye nawaphi amanyathelo okufuneka athathe ukuze uphephe iziphumo ezimbi? Uya kufunda ngale nto kwinqaku elichazwe.

Yintoni utywala?

Utywala lubhekisela kwiingxube eziqukethe i-ethanol (iwayini okanye i-ethyl alcohol). Le yintlobo yeekhemikhali engenambala kunye neyantlupheko yomsebenzi onobuthi onomlinganiselo, otshabalala lula. I-Ethanol inokuxutywa kunye namanzi aqhelekileyo kunanoma yimaphi amaninzi. Iyanqamuka kalula kumafutha, kwaye iphinda ifikelele kwiimbumba ze-biological kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ukuxiliswa, ukutyhefuza, ukudakwa

Utywala obunxilisayo bubonisa imeko ekhethekileyo ye-HC yabantu evela ekuthandeni iziyoyo ezinokusetyenziswa kwe-ethanol.

Kukho amadidi amane okuxilisa:

• KuKhanya;
• Umyinge;
• Lukhulu;
• Coma.

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, eli rhulumente libonakalisa njengolonwabo olungenangqiqo, kunye nokunyamekela (okokuthi, ukunyuka). Ukuqaphela ukuxilwa kuqhubeka (kunokukho ukuphazamiseka okuncinci). Emva kwexeshana, iinkqubo zokucinga zinciphisa. Ukongezelela, umsebenzi womzimba kunye nomzimba womntu uyancipha, ukunyanzelwa kwengqondo yakhe kwenzeka, kwaye uyaba luvila, uvila kwaye ulele.

Ngokuphuhliswa kwe-coma, bathi batyhefu obunxilisayo.

Ngokuphathelele utywala obukhulu, le meko ihambelana nomphumo onobungozi weemveliso zokuchithwa kwe-ethanol emzimbeni womntu.

Ziziphi iimpawu zetyhefu yotywala?

Ukuthetha malunga neempawu zokutywala utywala, asinakukwazi ukuphawula ukuba banokuzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeke kwisixa siselo kunye nomgangatho wezonxila. Ukongezelela, uphawu lobutywala obunxilisayo lunxulumene kakhulu naluphi na inkqubo okanye umzimba wabantu oye wabonakala kwiziphumo ezinobungozi.

GIT

Kwisistim esisisiseko senkqubo yokugaya inyama, umntu ufumana iintlungu zesisu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, kunye nesicefe. Yintoni ehambelana naso nawuphi na uphawu olubhaliweyo lobutyhefu obunxilisayo?

Ubuhlungu esiswini bubangelwa yingozi echaphazelekayo ye-ethanol kwi-mucosa yesisu esincinci nesisu.

I-diarrhea yenzeka ngenxa yokuphulwa kwamanzi amaminerali, amanzi kunye namafutha, kunye nokusilela ngokukhawuleza kwe-enzyme, okuyimfuneko yokufaniswa kwe-lactose.

I-nausea uphawu lotywala.

Ngokuphathelele ukuhlanza, ngokuqhelekileyo kunomdla ophakathi. Ngamanye amagama, idibene nefuthe eliyingozi lotywala kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi.

CNS

Ekunqothulweni kwenkqubo yeentlanzi, umntu uyabonwa: injabulo yengqondo, i-delirium, i-euphoria, ukulungelelanisa ukuhambelana nokunyakaza, ukunyakaza, ukunyuka ukujuluka, ukuthinteka, ukushisa komzimba ophantsi, ukunyuka komfundi, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuguquka kwamagama kunye nokuthetha kunye nokuqonda.

Uphawu ngalunye olukhankanywe ngotywala oludityanisiweyo ludibaniswa nokuphulwa kweetel cell cells, oksijeni yindlala, umonakalo kwisenzo se-ethanol kwiiseli ze-CNS kunye nomphumo onobungozi weemveliso eziphambili zokwehla kotywala (i-acetate, i-acetaldehyde, i- bodyone ye-ketone).

CAS

Iimpawu zokuqala zokutywala utywala entliziyweni zi:

• Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi;
• Iintliziyo zentliziyo;
• Utywala;
• Ubomvu buso;
• Ubuthakathaka jikelele;
• I-Pallor yolusu;
• Malaise.

Ukubonakala kweempawu ezinjalo kubangelwa ukuba isigulane silahlekelwa ngumthamo omkhulu ngexesha lokurhuqa okanye ukuhlanza. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokwandisa udonga lwe-vascular ukuphelela, umbane ovela kwisitya se-vascular uwela kwindawo phakathi kweeseli. Ukuhlawulela umthamo wegazi (ukujikeleza), umzimba womntu uquka iindlela ezilandelayo zokuhlawula: ukunciphisa iinqanawa zomhlaba kunye nokunyuka kwentliziyo. Ngenxa yoko, igazi liphinde lenziwe kwakhona kwaye lizalise izitho ezibalulekileyo.

Iphetshana lokuphefumula

Utywala obunxilisayo buchaphazela njani inkqubo yokuphefumula? Izibonakaliso ezinjalo zesilonda ziboniswa kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuphumelela okuphefumulayo;
• Umsindo kunye nokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza.

Impawu ezidwelisweyo zivela ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuphefumula, ukuphuhliswa kwe-edema ye-cerebral kunye nokuphazanyiswa komzimba. Ukuvela kokungaphumeleli kokuphefumula kuhambelana nolwimi lwentshona, ukungenisa umhlanzi kwindawo yokuphefumula kunye ne-reflex spasm ye-bronchi, i-larynx.

I-Renal system

Ngomonakalo womonakalo, isiguli siye sanda ukwanda okanye, ngokuthe ngqo, kuncipha ukuchama (ngamanye amaxesha kude kubekho ngokupheleleyo).

Iimeko ezinjalo zibangelwa ukuba ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe -hormone ye - antidiuretic (hypothalamus, ephuzisa amanzi emzimbeni), i-ethanol yandisa inkqubo yokucoca. Ukongezelela, utywala lubangela ukususwa kwe-calcium, i-potassium, i-magnesium ukusuka emzimbeni womntu, ukuphazamisa ukuxhamla kwabo emathunjini. Ngaloo ndlela, kukho ukunqongophala kwezi zinto.

Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-ethanol yonakalisa isakhiwo sezintso.

Ukulimala kwesibindi

Iimpawu zobutywala obunxilisayo zibizwa kwakhona. Ezi ziquka ubuhlungu obukhulu kwi-quadrant ephezulu, kunye nokuqhwala kwesikhumba kunye ne-sclera. Impawu ezinjalo zivela ngenxa yeempembelelo ze-ethanol kwiiseli zesibindi kunye ne-intracellular metabolism.

Utywala obunxilisayo: iimpawu

Xa kunesifo esinetyhefu, isigulane sinokungena kwi-coma. Ngexesha elifanayo, ulahlekelwa ingqalelo, kwaye akaphendulanga naluphi na umxholo ongaphandle (umzekelo, izandi ezivakalayo, ukukhangela izihlathi, ukubetha, kunye nabanye).

Ukuxinwa kotywala kwi-systemic circulation, elingana no-3 g / l nangaphezulu, kubangela umntu. Okwangoku, iinqanaba ezimbini ziyaziwa: zingenangqiqo kwaye zinzulu. Cinga iimpawu zabo ngokubanzi.

• I-coma ephezulu.

Umbuso onjalo ubonakaliswe ngu: ukulahleka kwengqondo, ukunyuka kweentloko zamehlo, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bentlungu, ukuphuphuma ngokweqile, abafundi abahlukeneyo (abancinciweyo), ukuphendula ngokucaphukisa ngokunyamezela okanye ukuguquka kwintetho ebusweni, ukubethelwa kwesikhumba, ukukhishwa kwesikhumba kunye namehlo, i-dyspnoea .

• I-coma ephantsi.

Iimpawu zobutyhefu kunye nezidakwa zotywala zihlala zihamba kunye nokulahlekelwa kwintlungu, ukuhla kwezinga lokushisa komzimba, ukungabikho kwamathambo e-tendon, ukutshatyalaliswa kwegazi, ukulahleka kwethambo lomzimba, ukunciphisa kwixinzelelo legazi, i-pale okanye i-cyanotic isikhumba, ukunciphisa ubunzulu kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo, ukunyuka kwentliziyo.

Ubunzima bokuxilisa utywala

Isibonakaliso sobutywala obunxilisayo sinokuba buhlungu okanye bunzima. Yintoni kuxhomekeke kuyo? Siza kunika impendulo kulo mbuzo ngoku.

• Isixa esinxilisayo. Xa inani elikhulu le-ethanol lingena emzimbeni womntu, ingakumbi ngexesha elinye, isibindi asinaso ixesha sokwenza. Ngaloo ndlela, iimveliso zokuphelisa utshatyalali ezingaphelelanga ziqokelela egazini, emva koko umonakalo ezinjalo ezibalulekileyo njengeengqondo, isibindi, iintso, intliziyo kunye nabanye.
• Ubudala. Ukwenziwa kwiselo yotywala, ininzi kakhulu inabantwana kunye nabadala. Oku kubangelwa kukuba i-adolescents ayinakumba zonke iindlela ezifunekayo zokungathathi i-neutralizing, kwaye kuba badala bayagcwalisekisa umsebenzi wabo ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukunyamezela komntu. Ukunyamezela komntu kwi-ethanol kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuphuculwa ngokukhawuleza kokuxiliswa kudla ngokuqhelekileyo kwintambo yamaMongoloid. Oku kubangelwa ukuba baye bancitshisa umsebenzi we-enzyme ekhethekileyo, okuyimfuneko yokucoca ngokutsha kokusela kotywala.
• Ukukhulelwa, ukungondleki, ukuqhubela phambili, i-pancreas, isibindi nesifo sikashukela. Iimeko ezinjalo zinciphisa umsebenzi kunye nomsebenzi wokucoca ukucoceka okuyinhloko (isibindi).
• Ukudibaniswa kotywala kunye neyeza. Umphumo onobungozi otywala maxesha amaninzi ephakamileyo kunye nokufumana ngokufanayo kunye nezidakamizwa ezinjengezoxilongo, i-hypnotics, i-anti-depressants, ii-NSAID kunye nabanye.
• Izongezo kunye nokungcola. Umphumo onobungozi obutywala ukhula ngenxa yokongezwa okunjalo kunye nokungcola njenge-methyl alcohol, i-aldehydes, i-alcohol ephezulu, i-ethylene glycol, i-furfural kunye nabanye.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Ethanol kwisisu esingenanto. Xa uthatha utywala kwisisu esingenalutho, ungena kwigazi kwisiqingatha se-dose, esingakhokelela kwisifo esinetyhefu.

Yintoni enokuyenza ngokuxhatshazwa?

Ngoku uyazi ukuba kutheni ukutyhelwa kotywala kwenzeka. Iimpawu kunye nokunyangwa kwale meko zichazwe kweli nqaku.

Ukuba uqaphele ukuba emva kokusela utywala umhlobo wakho ugula, ngoko ngokukhawuleza ubize i-ambulensi. Oku kubangelwa ngamanqaku alandelayo:

• Isimo esinzima sisifo, esibangelwa ukuxiliswa kotywala, ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela ekufeni.
• Ugqirha onamava kuphela onokuvavanya imeko yexhoba kunye nokunika unyango.
• Ukutyhefuza unyango kufuna ukusebenzisa inani lamachiza.
• Kwiimeko ezininzi, utywala obunxilisayo bulawulwa kwiyunithi yokunyamekela kakhulu okanye inyunithi yonyango.

Uncedo lokuqala ekhaya

Ubunetyhefu obunxilisayo kufuneka uphathwe njani (iimpawu kunye nokunyangwa kwalo mqathango kuchazwe kweli nqaku)? Okokuqala, kufuneka ubizele ingcali. Ngoxa ugqirha usele ndlela, uncedo lokuqala lufuneka ukuba lunikwe ixhoba. Yintoni na?

• Ukubonelela ngeendlela zokuhamba ngomoya. Ukwenza oku, kuyadingeka ukususa ulwimi lwesigulane (kunye nentshona yayo), kwaye ucoce umlomo womlomo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kufuneka kusetshenziswe italbhu yerabha. Ngokugqithisa ngokweqile, isigulane kufuneka senziwe nge-1.0-0.1% kwi-atropine. Ezi nyathelo ziyimfuneko ukwenzela ukondla okwaneleyo kwe-oxygen kunye nokuthintela ukukhutshwa kwendlela yokuphefumula.
• Nika ixhoba indawo efanelekileyo (ecaleni lakhe) kwaye ulungise ulwimi lwakhe (umzekelo, cinezela ngomunwe okanye i-spoon).
• Yenza ukuphefumla okufakelwayo kunye nokusila komzimba (kunye nokuphefumula kunye nokuphelelwa kwentliziyo). Ezi nkqubo kufuneka zenziwe ngaphambi kokubonakala kwe-palpitation nokuphefumula.
• Yenza ixhoba liqonde ukuba ilahlekile. Ukwenza oku, kwimpumlo yesigulane kuyimfuneko ukuzisa uboya bekotoni kunye ne-ammonia.
• Ukuxuba ukuhlanza (kuphela ukuba umntu uyazi). Ukwenza oku, kufuneka unike isisombululo se-saline okanye isisombululo esikhethekileyo esibangela ukuhlanza. Le nkqubo isebenza kuphela kwiiyure zokuqala emva kokusela i-ethanol.

Ukuba iindlela ezidwelisweyo azincedi, ke zenze oku kulandelayo:

• Ukugcoba isisu. Ixhoba linikezelwa ubuninzi bamanzi, uze ucinezele kwingcambu yolwimi.
• Ukufudumala isigulane. Umntu ufakwa ebhedeni elifudumeleyo kwaye efakwe ngengubo.
• Ukungena kwe-adsorbent. Ixhoba linikezelwa ngamatye angakwazi ukuthoba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeesxibisi. Bakhawuleza ukukhawuleza nokususwa kotywala kumzimba.

Amachiza kunyango lotywala obunxilisayo

Esibhedlele, ixhoba lingabelwa ezi zilandelayo mali:

• Isilwanyana "Metadoxil" sinomlomo. Liliyeza elenziwe ngokukodwa ukuphatha utyhefu. Yandisa umsebenzi wee-enzyme, ojongene nokusetyenziswa kwe-ethanol. Ngaloo ndlela, i-arhente ejongene nokukhawuleza iqhubela phambili ukucocwa nokupheliswa kotywala. Ukongezelela, ubuyisela iiseli zesibindi kwaye kuphucula isimo sengqondo sexhoba.
• IiVithamini kunye ne-glucose, zixutywe kwisirinji enye. I-cocktail enjalo iphucula inkqubo ye-metabolic, kwaye iphinda iqhube ukunyuswa kwe-ethanol. Ukongeza, kunciphisa umngcipheko weengqondo zengxwaba yobunxila.
• Abaxhamli bemali yamanzi. Bathucula ukujikelezwa kwegazi kwiinqanawa, kunye negalelo ekubuyiselweni kwamanzi afanelekileyo kunye nokulinganiswa kwamaminerali.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba iimpawu zobunxila obunxilisayo lwepascreas nesibindi zifuna ukusebenzisa i-hepatoprotectors. Amayeza anjalo athuthukisa umsebenzi walezi ziko, abuyisele iiseli ezilimele kwaye ukhawuleze ukuhlaziywa kwe-ethanol.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuxiliswa kotywala, oogqirha basebenzisa iziyobisi "iProrozole" kunye ne "Fomepizol". Ezi zi-antidotes ezitsha, ezisetyenziselwa utyhefu nge-ethylene glycol kunye ne-methyl alcohol. Banciphisa umsebenzi we-enzyme ye-hepatic kunye nokuphazamisa ukubunjwa kwezinto ezinobuthi.