«Into 730». ITanki elinamandla iT-10. Itanki elinzima kangaka

Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili yaphela. Iinqwelo zokulwa ziqhankqalaza empini, amabanjwa emfazwe abuyele emakhaya abo, iJamani yahlawula izibonelelo, kwaye i-Soviet Union yayinomkhosi omkhulu kunazo zonke. Olu phawu luye lwabonakala kuyo nayiphi na ingcali yempi elandela iziphumo zeMfazwe waseSoviet-Japanese ka-1945.

NgoSeptemba 1945, kwaqhutyelwa umkhosi wezempi ohlangeneyo eBerlin. Amazwe ahlangeneyo akhombise amandla kunye nophuhliso lwabo komnye nomnye. Ngubani ophakamileyo kwiitanki, ibonakala kwiso iso. Ngokuthelekiswa ne-American M-24 Chaffi kunye neBritish Comet, itanki elinamandla IS-3 kwinani lamaqela angama-53 aBalindi abangama-71 abaphathi beTanki elinzima libukeka njengendoda yesinyithi yensimbi, ixhamle kwaye ingenabubele. Kodwa ukuphuhliswa kwamathangi awazange ayeke apho kwaye akazange akhuphe.

Imfuneko yokufunwa kweprojekthi ye "Object 730"

Emva kwemfazwe, ukuveliswa kwe-IS-3 kuqhubekile. Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweetanki zitshintshile, ngoku azingaphili iimfazwe eziliqela, kodwa kufuneka asebenze iminyaka emininzi. Iimanki zemfazwe zazingqina ukuba azifanelekanga kumsebenzi onjalo. Ithemba lokugqibela le-IS-3 laphahlazeka xa, ngexesha lemivavanyo, i-projectile ye-armor-piercing projectile yafika kwi-edge of the frontal part (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"pike ekhaleni"). Umzimba waqhekeka kwiindawo zokuhlala, kwaye imoto yaphuma ngaphandle komyalelo. Zonke iikopi ezikhutshwe zijoliswe ekupheliseni ukungaphumeleli, kwaye ukuveliswa kwe-serial ye-IS-3 kuphelile.

Ngoku, ekuqwalaseleni amava kunye nemisebenzi emitsha, abakhi bee-tanks baseSoviet kwafuneka bavelise imoto yokulwa. Kwintsimi yeNyunyana ngelo xesha, basebenze ezimbini iifanki zetanki - iLeningrad Kirov kunye neTransabinsk. KwiLeningrad, emva kokukhutshwa kwelokhu, icandelo leNzululwazi yeTank Plant No. 100 yahlelwa, umlawuli nguJoan Kotin. Nasi wazalwa "Into-260", okanye i-IS-7.

Yayiyityanki engcono yexesha layo, ephakamileyo kwimilinganiselo kumazwi angaphandle, kodwa yayinemiphumo emininzi. Uchungechunge lokungaphumeleli kwiimvavanyo ezidlalwa kwiTanki. Ngelo xesha, imishini enzima kakhulu iqalisa ukushiywa. Akwazanga ukuma amabhuloho kunye namaqonga oololiwe.

Ngomnyaka we-1948, umsebenzi wanikezelwa ukudala umatshini omtsha, onokungabibizi, onokwethenjelwa, ngobunzima beetoni ezingama-50.

I-IS-5 yesiBini

Kukho ukudideka ekubaleni kwamathangi aseSoviet. Iprojekthi "Into 730" ithathe inani le-IS-5. Kodwa i-IS-5 yayisele - "Into engu-248", kodwa uchungechunge aluzange luqaliswe. Kwisakhelo somsebenzi kwiprojekthi "Into ye-730", ukuphuculwa kwe-IS-4 kwathathwa. Inani leeyunithi kunye neendibano zazilungele ukutshintsha ubunzima bomshini.

Uphuhliso lwaqala ngalo ngo-1948 kwaye ngo-1950 alukagqitywanga. Iimvavanyo zityhila ezininzi iimpazamo. Ngaloo ndlela, inani linikezelwa ubomi bobabini, IS-5 - "Into 730".

Lo msebenzi wade ulibalelwa iminyaka emininzi, kwaye ngo-1953 itanki yamkelwa ngenkonzo phantsi kwegama elihlukile. I-IS-5 ayizange ingene kule chungechunge, kodwa iinjine ezintsha, ukuhanjiswa, izixhobo kunye nokunye okunjalo zenziwe.

Iinkcukacha zobugcisa

Icala elinesigxina elinamacwecwe angaphezulu kunye neentsimbi ezibophekileyo kunye ne "pike ekhaleni" kwakukho kwinguqu yokugqibela yeprojekthi ethi "Into 730". Itanki yayinombhobho oqingqiweyo wokuma. Njengezixhobo, iimpompo zombini zombini, enye ibandakanyeka nompu we-122mm D-25TA, okwesibini kufutshane nelayiti yokulayisha. Isisindo sokumelana sasilingana neetoni ezingama-50. Umatshini unakho ukunqoba ukuphakama kwamadireyi angama-32 kunye nokuwela emigodini e-2.7 metres. . Uvumelekile ukuba unqobe izindonga ngo-0.8 m kwaye uhlawule isantya ukuya kuma-43.1 km / h. I-crew kubantu abane abaqhelekileyo, iinqonga zembhobho e-250 mm zikhuselekile ngokuqinisekileyo. Indawo yokugcina amandla yayingu-180-200 km. Isibhamu sasineemitha ezingama-30, kunye nemichilo yemitshini-1000 i-cartridges.

Iimvavanyo zokuqala

Ngo-Epreli ngo-1949, imodeli yokhuni yanikelwa eMoscow. Uluhlu lwentuthuko lwenziwe. Le projekthi yavunywa ngoMeyi, kwaye ke ukulungiswa kwemidwebo yaqala. Ukulungiswa kwamaxwebhu kwagqitywa kuphela ekupheleni kukaJuni. Umsebenzi wawulibazisekile, kwaye ukuqokelela amathangi anamava kwiimvavanyo ezilungiselelwe u-Agasti, akazange abe nexesha. Kwagqitywa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-IS-4 kunye neeyunithi eziphakamileyo ezivela kwi-IS-5. "Into engu-730" yashiywa okwethutyana kwithuba elithile. Injini yamandla yayinganiselwe kuma-lititha angama-700. . Ezinye iiyunithi zavanywa kwakhona kwi-IS-7.

Ukungaphumeleli kunye nophuculo

NgoSeptemba kwakukho inyanga yokuhlolwa kwefektri. I-IS-5 yayikudlula i-2000 km, kodwa kwakukho iziphene ekuhanjisweni. Kuye kwagqitywa ukuba kuphuhliswe kwaye isebenzise ibhokisi yeegarari yeeplani ezili-8. I-VNII-100 ibandakanyeke ekuphuhlisweni kwamaxwebhu obugcisa, kwaye i-LKZ yanikezela iiprototypes ezintathu. Iimvavanyo zabonisa inzuzo yunithi entsha.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, itanki yayixhotywe nge-ejection yokupholisa inkqubo kunye nesicwangciso esitsha sokufakelwa kwesibhamu. Iinqununu ezintathu ezongezelelweyo zezixhobo zokuvavanywa zakhishwa ngo-Matshi 1953. Emva kokuvavanywa omnye wabo kwi-Rzhev yaqalisa olunye uvavanyo lwelizwe.

Ngoku, nangona ubunzima beendlela, iikhilomitha ezingama-200 zadlula. Iitanki ezimbini zagqitha ukuya kuma-200 km ngosuku, kunye neyesithathu ngaphezu kwe-280. Emva kweveki kunye nesiqingatha ikhomishini yenze ingxelo malunga nokuphumelela kweemvavanyo. "Into engu-730" yadibana neemfuno kwaye yagqithisa abazalwana bamazwe angaphandle. Nangona kukho konke ukuphucula kunye nokuguqulwa, ubuchule bokusasazwa kwexesha lushiywa.

Ukuphindukuzalwa kwakhona kwi-T-10

Ehlotyeni ka-1950, kwakhiwa ama-tank prototype 10. Bavavanywa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Akukona konke okugqityiweyo, kodwa ke umatshini wadibana neemfuno. Uludwe olutsha lwemisebenzi lwaqulunqwa, kwaye umba uphinde wachaswa kwakhona. Iprojekthi yasekuqaleni yayininzi utshintsho amaxesha amaninzi kwaye yatshintsha igama layo ibe yi-IS-8, IS-9 ne-IS-10.

Ngokomzekelo, kwakukho indlela ekhethekileyo yokuthumela i-projectile. Ndiyabulela kule mfuyo eyi-122-mm ye-D-25TA isibhamu eshicilelwe i-3-4 projectiles / min. Inkqubo yekhowudi yomshini womshini, kunye nompu, yayilawulwa ngokuncediswa kombane omnye we-TAEN-1. Ibhokisi yenziwe nge-8 isivinini, kwaye njengesityalo esisetyenziswayo i-V-12-5 kuma-litre angama-700. . Izibini ezibolekwe kwi-IS-4, uxinzelelo lomhlaba we-0.77 kg / m.

Iimvavanyo zokugqibela zomatshini zagqitywa ngoDisemba 1952. Ngo-Matshi 1953, kwenzeka isiganeko esibuhlungu ngelo xesha-ukufa kukaJV Stalin. Kodwa i-IP yesivumelwane yamkelwa ngozuko lwakhe - "uJoseph Stalin." Kwaye ngomyalelo weNgqongqoshe wezoKhuselo ukuseka itanki kwinqaku, imoto yayibizwa ngokuba yi-T-10.

Ukuveliswa kwaqala ngokukhawuleza, ngomnyaka ofanayo, iiyunithi ezili-10 zaveliswa, kunyaka ozayo - 50, kunye neeyunithi ezingama-90.

Ulungiso

Xa i-vertex enye ifikelelekile, kuyimfuneko ukufudukela kwelinye elilandelayo, ngokunjalo ngabayila. Inkqubo yeendlela ezimbini zokuzinza kweempahla zenziwe kwinqanaba loyilo lwe-Leningrad. Ukuba ukunyuswa kwangaphambili kwahlawulelwa, ngoku ngoku kunqamle. Umbono omtsha we-T-2S waveliswa waza wafakwa. Yayibekwa kwimveliso ngo-1956, kwaye ngo-1957 iT-10B yaqaliswa.

Ngonyaka kamva kuvele ukuguqulwa okutsha. Kwi-serial production, watshintshwa nguT-10M. Le tank yayinesixhobo esinamandla ngakumbi M-62T2S (2A17). Izixhobo zokubhoboza izixhobo zakhula ngokukhawuleza zifike kwi-950 m / s kwaye zahlaselwa i-225 mm yezixhobo ezivela kwi-1000 m.

Zonke iziphuculo zobugcisa zenza itanki engcono kakhulu ngexesha lakhe, malunga neminyaka engamashumi amane "Into yesi-730" yayisenkonzweni kwaye iguquliwe ngokwemiqathango. Le yona itanki enkulu eRashiya, mhlawumbi nehlabathi. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe akuzange kudalwe, imfazwe yodwa yempi eyathatha inxaxheba - ukungena kwemikhosi yaseParsaw Pact kumazwe aseCzechoslovakia.

I-tank enkulu yokugqibela yeSoviet Union

Ngoko, kwii-50 zama-tanki esiphezulu saseSoviet yamukelwa, ilandelwa ukuguqulwa kwayo. Oku kwakuyindalo ebaluleke kunazo zonke kwishishini lemikhosi, elithatha zonke iziphumo zobugcisa bexesha layo. Wasuswa kwi-arsenal emva kokuwa kwe-Union, ngo-1993.