Amaxwebhu Technical - uluhlu lwe design and yomhombiso

Ngokuba iinjineli kulo naliphi na inqanaba kunye nayiphi na kwishishini ingcamango "amaxwebhu olumisiweyo-technical" linxulunyaniswa imiqulu amanqaku achazayo kunye nemizobo leekhilomitha. Le townsfolk nalo kunye namaxwebhu yobugcisa ekhaya. Yonke imiyalelo esebenzayo, iimanyuwali umsebenzisi kunye nezinye isikhokelo axabisekileyo usetyenziso oluchanekileyo ezikhuselekileyo izixhobo zombane zasekhaya - oko kwakhona amaxwebhu zobugcisa.

Kodwa ke uninzi amaxwebhu projekthi ukuze asetyenziswe ekwakheni okanye uyilo mveliso.

imiba ngokubanzi

Njengoko izichazi kuchazwa, amaxwebhu zobugcisa - iseti itekisi, imizobo, kwaye libonwa (imifuziselo, imizobo) kokujonga ezichaza izisombululo ukusebenza, ubuchwepheshe, ubunjineli kunye noyilo zokuqonda zemveliso nayiphi na impahla okanye ukwakhiwa ngokutsha.

Nokuphepha intandabuzo onke amaxwebhu badalwe ngokomfuziselo lusekiwe. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhlanganiswa ngamazwe ngokwandileyo lisibeka imiqathango iinjineli zonke amasebe. Amaxwebhu projekthi lwale mihla iyaqulunqwa ukwenzela ukuba iingcali ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwavela nokungangqinelani.

Kule negalelo kakhulu kuphuhliso lwesicwangciso amaxwebhu ezenzekelayo zobugcisa. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo computer zisetyenziswa ehlabathini lonke.

Security - ngaphezu kwabo bonke

Nawuphi projekthi isebenza, kwaye ingakumbi - ukwakhiwa okanye ngokutsha ingakhokelela kwiingozi ezingeyomfuneko kubasebenzisi abahlala apho-zokungathotyelwa nokhuseleko.

Sithetha ngokhuseleko nje kuphela esenza imisebenzi ethile, kodwa kukusebenza kwipropati okanye yunithi. Ngoko uyilo kakubi-ayiqondwa efrijini kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu womniniyo, kwaye umatshini wokuhlamba isiseko ihlwempu kuphela ukuba isekethi emfutshane, kodwa kungabangela umlilo. Yintoni ukuba uthini "akwanelanga ngqo" iikona ekwakheni lwezakhiwo.

Ngoko ke, amaxwebhu projekthi eyenziwe kunye nelo sebe zokhuseleko. Nayiphi na ingcamango ezintsha kuyilo kufuneka phantsi ukugxekwa okanye okunempilo avavanywa practice kufuneka.

Service Safety

Ukongeza ukusetyenziswa lokugqibela ezikhuselekileyo zolawulo eyenziweyo inkonzo ukhuseleko imveliso kanye ikhondo lomsebenzi. Ngokukodwa, iimpawu zokhuseleko weli sebe:

• ulawulo phezu kugcinwe ukhuseleko emsebenzini,
• umsebenzi lombutho kwi amanyathelo yococeko kunye nococeko,
• yokuthintela iingozi emsebenzini emsebenzini,
• umsebenzi yesondlo ekuthinteleni izifo emsebenzini,
• ukulawula ukusetyenziswa ezikhusela umsebenzi ebimiselwe (ukuba kuyimfuneko),
• Ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko emsebenzini kunye ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yokwakha.

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, onke amaxwebhu yobugcisa makancinwe iingcali lisebe wokhuseleko yabasebenzi. Inyaniso ukuba umsebenzi onjalo wenziwa, uthe uphawu kudityaniso kwisihloko kumaphepha imizobo okanye inqaku echazayo.

Uyilo esidityanisiweyo - norm lwangoku

Uphuhliso yeprojekthi, ingakumbi ekwakhiweni, kufuna umsebenzi odibeneyo zonke iingcali. Ngapha koko, ingcamango umakhi azinakusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi. Economist kwiSebe lezoKhuseleko liya kuba nako ukufumana isisombululo zifanelekileyo. Intlanganiso ehlanganyelwayo bonke abo bathatha inxaxheba neengcali kuyilo uya khetha ukhetho okusemandleni ukusombulula le ngxaki.

Ukuququzelela isigqibo sokuqala kusetyenziswa olumisiweyo - amaxwebhu zobugcisa. Olu luluhlu lwemithetho kunye neemfuno zokuphunyezwa imisebenzi engundoqo ngokwemfundo kwanancedisayo, ezo zifanayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe kungakhathaliseki nkcukacha zale projekthi. Le migangatho neendidi iindwendwe kunye nemigangatho, imigaqo kunye neengcebiso ekhutshwe imo imibutho yenzululwazi kunye nezenziwayo kunye nemibutho.

I Regulatory Framework of amaxwebhu eprojekti

Enyanisweni, imizobo ibe ifundwe nguye nawuphi na umakhi onamava okanye locksmith. Ekubeni wayesebenza kwinkampani ixesha elide, inkosi inkosi ulwimi amaxwebhu project yaye bakhululekile ukuyisebenzisa. Kodwa ngokwesiseko engalunganga.

Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho womsebenzi kunye nokuhambelana nemithetho yokhuseleko kuyimfuneko ukuba bonke abasebenzi babe ngasemva ubuncinane emfundo aphakamileyo yobugcisa. Oku kususa iimpazamo ukufunda imizobo kunye nemimiselo nokukhawulezisa inkqubo yemveliso.

Iinjongo ezifanayo kunye namaxwebhu zobugcisa zale nkqubo. yasebenza eyenzelwe iimfuno ezisisiseko, imithetho kunye metric ukuba kube lula ukuyila; ukuba ezithile ukuzenza echazwe ngokuma nokumelana kunye ezinxaxhileyo; ukuze uphephe ukufunda lesiphoso amaxwebhu umzobo liqulunqe imigaqo eqhelekileyo kunye neemfuno.

GOST kunye ASAP (amaxwebhu seprojekthi ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo) ziya kusetyenziselwa kuphela kwiimarike zasekhaya karhulumente, kodwa nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoko sele sibonile, oku kubangelwe ukuhlanganiswa yehlabathi kwimveliso kunye umkhuba ekutsaleni iingcali ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

ukuqala Indlela design

Nayiphi na iprojekthi ayikwazi ukuqala ayinasihlahla. Isiseko uyilo idla imiqathango yokubhekisa, idatha yoqobo kunye neminqweno isicombululo yokwakha le projekthi. On nesiseko sayo lenze iphakheji kwamaxwebhu abayili lwamacandelo ezinxulumene - nabayili bezakhiwo, nabayili, prochnistov (ngubani imisela amandla ukuqina kwezakhiwo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo), abezoqoqosho, njl

Zonke iingcali emxinwa baye emsebenzini ngolandelelwano ethile. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba belufezile inxalenye yabo projekthi, ingcali bakhohlwe ngayo. Kwelinye icala, kunye ukufika umyili nganye elandelayo iqala iqela yoyilo ngokusondeleyo. Kusenokubakho iimeko xa izigqibo ezithathwayo phambi olunye ulawulo kuyilo. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba umva kwaye ufumane ezinye iindlela.

Umthamo amaxwebhu eprojekti

Kakade ke, akukho nenkcazelo ecacileyo inani lamaphepha kumanqaku achazayo okanye imizobo ukuba zinike umfanekiso opheleleyo le projekthi. Kodwa ke imisebenzi eluncedo kummandla yoyilo icebisa ukuba iinkcukacha kakhulu njengoko kakubi eziphumo zokuphela konyaka, kwakunye inani elincinane imizobo, imifanekiso kunye nemizobo.

Kuba Ukuhlanganisa epheleleyo ukuchaneka yokwenza imisebenzi ngokutsho amaxwebhu eprojekti ASAP echazwe uluhlu amaxwebhu zobugcisa. UMthetho macandelo mandatory ekufuneka nayenza kuyilo.

Umxholo amaxwebhu zobugcisa zale projekthi

1. Qaphela lencazelo - uxwebhu lokubhaliweyo equlathe inkcazelo eyimfuneko kunye izibalo.
2. Uyilo yesekethe sebali - ukumisela ilungiselelo sobabini izinto kwisiqwenga ekhethiweyo.
3. izisombululo yezakhiwo - definition legqwetha yefacade izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo.
4. Design isithuba-ucwangciso izigqibo - kujongwa ukwenzeka yezakhiwo kunye nokukhethwa ngeepani.
5. Uluhlu lwemisebenzi zobunjineli - ocacisa uqhagamshelwano kunokwenzeka into uthungelwano eluncedo (umbane, amanzi kunye nothungelwano lwemijelo, ukufudumeza kunye umoya, ukuba kuyimfuneko - igesi kunye nonikezelo zonxibelelwano); ukuyila uthungelwano zangaphakathi.
6. Lo mbutho projekthi kwesibonelelo - kwenkcazo ukusebenzisa ubengo izixhobo zokwakha kunye nezibonelelo zabantu.
7. Amanyathelo ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo - izicwangciso zokulondolozwa ubuninzi kwindawo engqongileyo kunye nokuphuculwa kwayo.
8. ukhuseleko Fire - amanyathelo okuthintela ukwenzeka kunye nemililo zokucima.
9. Uqikelelo ukwenzela iprojekthi - isiphumo zizonke iindleko zolwakhiwo into.

Kwezinye iimeko, amaxwebhu lobugcisa kumana namacandelo egubungela projekthi okukhethekileyo kwamandla alingeneyo. Kunqabile kuvela imihlathi ngokuphathelele ukufikelela kwi nto (ezifana zokwakha okanye sele ugqibile) ikhubaziwe, ukuchitha, okanye ukudilizwa Ngeeprojekthi ezikhoyo kwi izibonelelo esakhiweni njalo njalo. N.

Ukwenza amaxwebhu technical kufuneka athobele iimfuno kunye neziphakamiso GOST.

Innovation and design namaxwebhu

Amaninzi ngexesha ulwakhiwo lwendawo kufuneka izicelo ezintsha ezahlukeneyo. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu xa kuthiwa-izinto enye-sifuba. Kwiiprojekthi izinga Izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo zoshishino kunqabile ukuba nantoni na ukutshintsha okanye isicelo ubuchwepheshe phambili. Kodwa iiprojekthi yombhali kufuna izisombululo ezintsha uyilo ukuze kuphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo izimvo womzobi ngayo.

Kule meko, kukho amaxwebhu lwenzululwazi nobugcisa, nto leyo ukongezelela onke amacandelo ngasentla, kukho kwakhona iqela isahluko eyahlulelwe ukuba ngumgaqo yenzululwazi kunye yingcaciso undoqo ezintsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukusetyenziswa izinto ezingaqhelekanga, okanye ukusetyenziswa izibalo zobunjineli non-ezingenamsebenzi.

Ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi kunye nokubhalisa

Ngexesha ukubulawa imisebenzi kule projekthi kuyimfuneko ukulungisa ezinye izenzo kunye parameters - umzekelo, inani kwezivalo ezifakwe ezindongeni isakhiwo monolithic. Khangela oku kuphela ngexesha lomsebenzi wemveliso. Emva kokugqitywa kweprojekthi yokwakha xa eziphathekayo lukhuni, khangela kwemithambo ubukho ngqo iya kuba nzima.

Ngoko ke, isenzo ngasinye inyathela esilawulayo kunye namaxwebhu zobugcisa - iziphumo ngokwemilinganiso geodetic, izatifikethi ze lokuthobela kunye nomgangatho izinto, izenzo imisebenzi ezifihlakeleyo, .. ingxelo amaxwebhu kophando kunye neemvavanyo, njl ziya ezincomekayo ngokusekelwe onke la maxwebhu ngexesha iziko isigqibo.

uvavanyo Ingcaphephe yeprojekthi

Ngaphandle okumbalwa, zonke iiprojekthi zokwakha kufuneka baye ngokutsha peer. Kulindeleke ukuba iingcali bazakuyivuyela projekthi ezingeniselwe ukuthobela imimiselo nemigangatho ezikhoyo kwaye uya kunika linenzuzo (kwimeko kungqinelwano) okanye embi (Ukungafani imimiselo efanelekileyo) sigqibo.

Kwiimeko ezizodwa kakhulu apho kungadingeki ukuba uvavanyo ingcali linokuchazwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo: ukwakhiwa izinto ezincinane bengabalulekanga lweeprojekthi modeli.