Intlangano engcono yemibala. Ivili lombala. Picker Color

Umyili wexesha ledijithali, okwenyani, akudingeki ukuba azithintele kwiintyatyambo ezinokufumaneka kwiipayipi, ii-inks okanye ezinye iigigments, nangona zininzi zingafundwa ukusuka kwindlela eya kumbala kwimisebenzi yobugcisa. Iliso lomntu linokuhlukanisa izigidi zeempawu ezahlukileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibala emibili kunokuba ngumngeni.

Impawu zoMbala ezimangalisayo

Oku kungenxa yokuba ukhetho lwee-shades zoyilo lugqibeleleyo kwaye lufuna ulwazi oluthile. Ngoko yintoni abayilimbi abayenzayo abafuna ukudala ipakile enemibala enhle eyenza umthengi ujabule? Ingaba uyayithanda okanye awukho, umgca obalaseleyo wemibala uhamba ngaphezu kwezinto ozikhethayo, kuba banamandla amangalisayo okuchaphazela isimo sengqondo, iimvakalelo kunye nokuqonda, ukufumana inkcubeko kunye nokubaluleka kobuntu, nokutsala ingqwalasela-kokubili ngokungazi kwaye engazi.

Umsebenzi woyila kunye nabathengisi ukulinganisa imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yee-hues ukudala i-palette ekhangayo kwaye ephumelelayo yokudibanisa imibala. Yilapho ukuqonda okusemgangathweni kwimibala yombalo kuza ngokufanelekileyo. Inokukunceda ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi iifoni ezihambelana kakuhle (okanye akunjalo) kwaye yintoni umphumo odibeneyo oza kudala ngaphakathi kwesi sikhokelo soyilo.

Ivili lombala : inhlanganisela yombala

Esikolweni kwizifundo zokudweba abantwana abadlula esi sihloko, yingakho wonke umntu, mhlawumbi, eyaziwayo kwifom yakhe eyancitshisiwe: amathoni abomvu, aphuzi kunye ne-blue. Umbuthano wombala wendabuko uqukethe iitoni ezili-12 kwaye udla ngokusetyenziswa ngabaculi. Le ndlela ebonakalayo elula yokuqonda ubudlelwane bombala.

Umsebenzi oyintloko owenza umbala wemibala udibanisa imibala. Ukuqokelela izinto ezisisiseko okanye ezisisiseko (ophuzi, obomvu nebomvu) ifom yeeklasi: eluhlaza, i-violet kunye ne-orange. Ukudibanisa kunye neetoni eziphambili kukuvumela ukuba ube nesithathu lesangqa - imibala ephakamileyo. Oku kubandakanya i-red-orange, i-yellow-yellow, i-yellow-green, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-blue-violet kunye nobomvu obomvu. Iitoni zaseprayimari nezisekondari ziyinxalenye yembonakalo ebonakalayo, okanye imibala yobuninzi. Umyalelo wabo kulula ukukhumbula ngokuncediswa kwegama elithi mnemon "Bonke abazingeli bafuna ukwazi apho i-pheasant ihleli": obomvu, i-orange, eluhlaza, eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nangomfusa.

Le ndlela yokuqonda umbala iyaziwa njengemodeli yokukhupha, equka ukuxuba iingubo, ezifana nopende okanye ii-inki, kwaye isetyenziselwa kokubili kwimiqulu yembala yendalo kunye neenkqubo ze-CMYK ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokuprinta. Ihlukile kumzekelo ongezelelweyo, oqulethe ukuxuba ukukhanya kweendlela ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, kwikhompyutheni yekhompyutheni okanye kwiTV yeTV), equkethe esinye isethi yemibala ephambili: obomvu, obuluhlaza, obuluhlaza (RGB).

Kwi-graphics editors, enye inguqu yesondo lombala isetyenziswa. Nayiphi na i-hue inokukhethwa ngokusebenzisa ikhowudi yayo ye-hexadecimal.

I sigama

Ngaphambi kokuba udwebe iipelletti, kufuneka ufunde isigama esiza kukunceda uqonde iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-shades:

• Itheyibhile yombala isichazamagama sombala kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisela kwimbala ye-12;
• Ubumhlophe: umlinganiselo wokudeka kombala webala kumnyama;
• Ukukhanya: ukusondela kwetoni kumhlophe;
• Ukuxhamla - ubungqina okanye ukuhlanzeka kombala (ngokusondeleyo komthunzi ufikelela kwi-gray, ngaphantsi koko kuzaliswe).

Intlangano engcono yemibala

Ukususela kumbuthano wemibala ungabonwa inani lamapelletta aseklasini, asetyenziswa ngabaculi ngeenkulungwane ezininzi. Kwiindlela ezininzi zokwenza izicwangciso, enye yemibala ebalulekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe kulezi zicwangciso - ngenani lokusetyenziswa kwayo okanye ngokwabiwo lwayo kwamanye amathoni - enye okanye ngaphezulu:

Inkqubo ye-Monochrome: ukusetyenziswa kobuqhetseba obuhlukeneyo, ukukhanya okanye ukuzaliswa kweetoni zombala ofanayo kwinqanaba ukusuka ekukhanyeni kuya kumnyama. Umzekelo wenkampani ye-monochrome ephumelelayo ibomvu kunye nomnyama nomhlophe. Eli cwangciso linikeza isakhiwo esincinci nesilondolozo. I-Blue and white - idibansi yeklasi ye- porcelain ye- IX yenkulungwane. Neengubo zaseFransi zeXVIII inkulungwane.

Isikimu esifanayo: imibala ihlangene ecaleni kwinqwelo yombala. Kusemhlabeni wonke, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa xa uphuhliso lweeprojekthi. Umzekelo udibaniso lwe-violet kunye ne-blue-violet.

Iskimu esisisigxina: isebenzisa amathoni asekupheleni kwevili lesiganeko. Umzekelo, uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nolwabomvu, obomvu nokuluhlaza Imibala epheleleyo inexabiso eliphezulu kunye nokungafani, kodwa kunzima ukusebenzisa ngokuvisisanayo nangendlela elinganisiweyo kwimo yabo ecocekileyo, kuba iyakwazi ukudibanisa kwi-design.

Iskimu esongezelelweyo-senkcazo: nayiphi na ithoni yesondo lombala kunye nemibala emibili ecaleni kwayo. Ngokomzekelo, ophuzi obomvu kunye nobomvu obomvu. Esi sicwangciso sinesimo esibonakalayo esinamandla, nangona sinobuthathaka kunaphambili. Inikeza umxube obalaseleyo wemibala yabaqalayo ekwakhiweni, njengoko kunzima ukuphazamisa.

Isikimu seTriadic: nayiphi na itoni emithathu, isatshalaliswa ngokufanayo kwivili elinobala. Inikeza inhlanganisela ebanzi kakhulu, nangona iitoni ziluhlaza kwaye zingabonakali. Ukusetyenziswa ngokuphumelelayo, kufuneka ufezekise ibhalansi epheleleyo - umbala omnye kufuneka ube ngongoma, kunye nezinye izandi.

6. I-Tetradar, okanye idibeneyo ephindwe kabini: iqulethwe ezimbini ezimbini. Eli cwangciso likhangeleka kakhulu, kodwa luyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi ukuyisebenzisa ngaphezu kweyibini yimibala eyongezelelweyo, ekubeni amathoni amaninzi kunzima ukulinganisela. Xa usebenzisa le cwangciso, kufuneka ukhethe umbala omnye njengomntu obalaseleyo kwaye ulungele ukuhlalisa, ukukhanya kunye nokukhanya kwe-hue yezinye okanye zonke iitoni, ukwenzela ukuba banike umxube obalaseleyo kumbala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuyila.

Ukuphefumlelwa

Ukongeza kwintlangano yeembotyi, umgangatho unikezela izisombululo ezininzi ezenziwe ngokulungelelanisa izicwangciso zombala.

Uhlobo lokudibanisa umbala lubandakanya ukurekhoda iqondo lokushisa (ukutshisa okanye ukubandisa), ukutshatyalaliswa (amathoni aqaqambileyo ahlala ebonakala eselula, ngelixa i-vintage-grape)), imixholo (eqaqambileyo kwaye evuyayo, emnyama kunye nzulu), imixholo (indawo, ixesha, ieholide) kunye Ezinye iimpawu.

Enye indlela ebalulekileyo yokufumana umbala ingaba isibheno sokuphefumlelwa kwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zembali kunye neendlela zobugcisa: ezifudumeleyo, ezikhanyayo ze-Impressionists; Ubumhlophe, inzululwazi engalindelekanga ye-post-impressionists; Imibala ehlambulukileyo, yomhlaba yesitayela samanje; I-bright, shades eneenkalipho zobugcisa be pop.

Psychology yombala

Umbala usijikelezile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba siyayiqonda okanye ayikho, idlala indima enkulu ebomini bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ngaba ubonile uphawu lweloli okanye oluphuzi kwindlela namhlanje? Wakhangela ingqalelo ngaphandle kokusilela. Umbala unxibelelwano olumangalisayo kunye neemeko zethu neemvakalelo.

Kodwa akubona wonke umntu ovakalelwa ngumbala ofanayo. Intsingiselo kunye nesimbolo esidibanisa ngayo kunye neetoni ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimpembelelo yamacandelo kunye noluntu esikulo. Nazi ezinye iintetho eziqhelekileyo ezihambelana nemibala engundoqo kwiNkcubeko yeNtshona.

Ebomvu

Lo mmbala uhambisa iingcamango ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kumongo. Ukudibanisa nomlilo, unokubonakalisa ukushisa okanye ingozi. Ngenxa yokuba obomvu ngumbala wegazi, kuthathwa njengento enamandla, ithandekayo, ngoko ihambelana nemicimbi yeengqondo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nobudlova.

Iintsingiselo ezihlukile: kwezinye iindawo zaseMpumalanga, iibomvu zifanekisela inhlanhla kunye nokuchuma kunye nombala abagxa banxiba ngosuku lomtshato. Kulo lonke ihlabathi, obomvu ludibaniswa neentlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zezopolitiko kwaye zibonakalisa ukuguqulwa.

Ngokufaka uphawu lokutshatyalaliswa kwegama: kaninzi kuthetha amandla, ukuzithemba kunye namandla kwaye ibonakala kakhulu.

Orange

Kwakhona, ukuba ngumbala womlilo, i-orange idibanisa imfudumalo ebomvu kunye namandla amakhulu aphuzi kwaye ifanekisela umsebenzi, amandla kunye nethemba. Ukongezelela, idibene nokuvuna okanye ukuwa.

Iintsingiselo ezihlukile: e-India itafroni, ene-yellow tinge ye-orange, ibonwa njengeyingcwele. EJapan, umbala ubonisa uthando.

Ngokutshatyalaliswa kwegama: ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa ulutsha kunye nobuchule. Igolide, eyona mthunzi we-orange okanye ophuzi, ifanekisela i-luxury kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.

Ephuzi

Njengombala welanga, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakalisa ulonwabo, uvuyo, ubuhlobo kunye nokutsha kwentwasahlobo. Ukongezelela, kwiimeko ezithile, inokuthumela isilumkiso sesilumkiso okanye isilumkiso sokulumkisa. Ezinye iinguqu (ngokukodwa ezingenayo i-insaturated kunye ne-tint greenish) zibukeka zibuhlungu okanye zingamangalisi, nto engamangalisi, ekubeni ngezinye i-yellow njll ihlotshaniswa nokugula kunye nokutyunjwa.

Amanani athile: kwezinye iindawo zaseMpumalanga naseAsia, uluphuzi luhambelana nomvelaphi ophezulu okanye isimo. Kwezinye iindawo ze-Afrika kunye ne-Latin America, le ithoni ngumbala wesintu wokulila.

Ngokufaka uphawu lokutshiza: ityhiphu ebomvu okanye ephuzi ithatha ingqwalasela, kodwa ingabangela uxhalaba okanye mhlawumbi ingabonakali kakuhle (umzekelo, umbhalo obomhlophe kumgca ophuzi obomvu okanye ngokuphambeneyo) ukuba isetyenziswe ngokungazi.

Oluhlaza

Umbala wendalo, izityalo kunye nokukhula. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakalisa impilo, ukutsha, okanye iimpawu zendalo. Ubumnyama obumnyama bungabonakalisa ubutyebi nokuzinza.

Intsingiselo enye: phakathi kweenkcubeko ezibiza ngokuba yiSilamsi, ukuluhlaza ngumbala ongcwele. Udibaniswa neIreland, uSt. Patrick's Day kunye nomntu onamaqabunga amane.

Ngokutshatyalaliswa kweempawu: iimveliso okanye iimveliso ezinikezwa njenge "eluhlaza" (ezendalo, ezempilo, eziphilayo, eziphilayo, njl.) Zihlala zisebenzisa imibala yemvelo, njengoluhlaza kunye nomdaka.

EliBlue

Umbala wolwandle nesibhakabhaka, ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa ukuthula nokucocwa. Ngokungafani namaninzi amaninzi kunye nemfudumalo, i-blue ibonwa njengokuncipha. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokubonisa ubuhlungu okanye ukudandatheka.

Iintsingiselo ezihlukile: kwiinkcubeko zaseMpuma Mpuma, i-blue ekhusela ebubini. Ngenxa yokubambisana nesibhakabhaka, kwiindawo ezininzi zemibala zifanekisela ukungafi nokuphila okungokomoya.

Ngokufaka uphawu lokubhankqalaza: i-blue isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwaye yenye yeyona ndlela imibala eninzi kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa ukunyaniseka, ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza. Itheyibhile iyathandwa ngokukodwa kwimimiselo yenkampani, kuba ibonwa ngokuba neempawu ezinzulu, ezinokuzimela kunye nezobugcisa.

Ezimhlophe

Ngokwesiko, inxulumene nobuhle, ubukhulu okanye udumo. Ngaloo ndlela, unokomoya, inkolelo okanye inkolo.

Iintsingiselo ezihlukile: kwiintlanga ezininzi emhlabeni jikelele ukuhlanganiswa kwe-violet kufanekisela ulwazi okanye ubutyebi, kodwa eThailand nakwiindawo zaseMzantsi Melika zidibana nokulila.

Ngokufaka uphawu lokutshatyalaliswa kwempawu: i-dark shades ebomvu idla ngokuba ngumqondiso wezinto zokunethezeka, ngoxa i-brighter and more clear is popular among women and children.

Omnyama

Njengomvu obomvu, lo mbala uninzi (ngezinye iphikisanayo) zexabiso. Iyakwazi ukumela amandla, ukunethezeka, ubuchule kunye nokuphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, omnyama ubonisa ukufa, ububi okanye imfihlelo. Kwiingubo zibonakalisa ukusemthethweni okanye ukulila kunye nentlungu (njengokuba isijwili sisidla emangcwabeni).

Amanani athile: kwamanye amazwe aseAsia naseLatin America, abamnyama babonwa njengombala wendoda. EYiputa, kuthetha ukuzalwa kwakhona. Kwiinkcubeko ezininzi, umbala uhlotshaniswa nomlingo, inkolelo-ze okanye inhlanhla, kunye nokungachazi okanye ukungaziwa.

Ngokufaka uphawu lokutshiza: umnyama usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kangangokuba sele ungathathi hlangothi, nangona ungabonakalisa oku ngasentla kuxhomekeke kumongo. Uninzi lwezinto ezicwangcisiweyo zimnyama kunye nomhlophe (ngokuqaphelayo okanye ukugcina nje ngokushicilela umbala).

Mhlophe

Njengombala wokukhanya kunye nekhephu, umhlophe uvame ukubonakalisa ubumsulwa, ukungabi nasecaleni, ukulunga okanye ukufezeka (ngokuqhelekileyo kugqweswa ngabafazi), kodwa kuthethwa ngokugqithiseleyo.

Iintsingiselo ezihlukile: eChina, umhlophe ngumbala wokulila. Kwiinkcubeko ezininzi, kubonisa uxolo - ifulegi elimhlophe liwuphawu lokuphela kwempahla okanye ukuzinikela.

Ngokufaka uphawu lokubhenca: umhlophe udla ukuthetha ngokulula, ubunyulu okanye ubunamhlanje. Abaqulunqi abafuna i-esesthetic ye-minimalism bavame ukusebenzisa ezininzi ezimhlophe.

Faka umbala ekwakheni

Ukuthabatha umdibaniso wembala kungaphezulu kokhetho ezimbini okanye ezintathu kunye nokusabalalisa ngokulingana ngokulinganayo kwiplani. Isicelo sabo sisebenza ngokufanayo kunye nokulinganisela, kunye neetoni ezininzi ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunzima kakhulu ukufezekisa.

Indlela elula ukuyiqonda le ngcamango ngokuhlula imibala ekhethiweyo ibe yinto ephezulu kunye neyokuvakalisa. Ithoni ephezulu iya kubonakala kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekuyiyileni, ngelixa elinye okanye ngaphezulu ukuvakalisa kuzakuzalisa nokulilinganisela. Ukuqwalasela ekusebenzisaneni kwemibala - ubukho okanye ukungabikho kokuhlukana, indlela ikhonkco elisondeleyo libukeka ngayo, yintoni imizwelo eyenza ukudibanisa imibala kunye nemibala, njl. - iya kunceda ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo ipalalet efanelekileyo ngenjongo yokuyila.

Umgaqo oqhelekileyo owamkelekileyo wokusebenzisa ipalayini emithathu embala wemibala ngumgaqo "60-30-10". Le ndlela isetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-design yangaphakathi, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa ngempumelelo kwi-web design okanye ukuprinta. Kwanele ukunika u-60% kumbala ophezulu, kwaye unike i-30% eseleyo kunye ne-10% kwiimbali ezimbini. Umzekelo omhle, uchaza lo mgaqo, ngumntu wesilisa: i-jacket kunye neebhulukwe nge-60% yombala weengubo, ihembe liphethe i-30%, kunye ne-tie-i-10% esele. Bonke bebonke banikeza ukubonakala okulinganiselayo, okuhle.

Enye indlela yokugcina ukulula kunye nokulinganisela kwipalayini kukusebenzisa ukukhanya kunye nokukhanya (okanye ezinye iinguqu ezikhanyayo kunye ezimnyama zeetoni ezikhethiweyo). Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ukhetho lombala ngaphandle koyilo olukhulu lokungavumelani.

Faka umbala ekuthengiseni nasekutshekeni

Ukuqaphela kweBhanki kuxhomekeka kakhulu kumbala. Kwanele ukucinga ngeCoca-Cola, i-Facebook okanye i-Starbucks, kwaye kuya kuba lula ukukhumbula ithoni apho ezi zinto zidibene khona.

Uphando oluqhutywe kwiYunivesithi yaseWinipeg lubonise ukuba izigwebo zokuqala zabantu malunga nemveliso zixhomekeke kumbala (60-90% wokuqikelela). Oku kuthetha ukuba ithoni ekwilweni ayikho kuphela ukhetho lobugcisa, kodwa nesigqibo soshishino esibalulekileyo esichaphazela yonke into evela kumbono womthengi ukufezekiswa kwemveliso.

Nangona kunjalo, xa ukhetha iskimu sombala we logo, akukho imfuneko ukunamathela kwizithethe, iimpawu okanye izibhengezo. Akukho khuselo kwiintsiphu okanye kwimithetho ekhawulezayo. Kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba ithoni isetyenziswe njani kwindlela yokuyila kunye nokuvisisana nemeko yemarike kunye nomlinganisi wayo.

RGB kunye ne-CMYK

Xa usebenza kwi projekthi eprintiweyo computer monitor akakwazi ukubonisa imibala njengoko ziya kuvela ephepheni. Into oyibona akukho nto wena, ngokuba liso digital nabashicileli basebenzise iinkqubo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: RGB and CMYK. Eyokuqala iphathelene amachaphaza amancinane ukukhanya ebomvu, eluhlaza kunye nezuba, leyo ziyadibana zenze umbala ibonakale kwikhusi; okwesibini intsingiselo umbala oluhlaza, magenta, omthubi kunye imibala emnyama ukuyila imizila umbala. Ekubeni RGB usebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi kwe CMYK, ezinye abayili ekuqaleni wadala kwiprojekthi yoshicilelo RGB ukugcina inani elikhulu color nokuguqula uyilo ogqityiweyo ukuba CMYK phambi kokuba uziprinte.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kufuneka sisixhobo ukuba inikezela umbala esitalini xa usebenza zombini iinkqubo - umzekelo, xa uyile ilogo website uze uprinte kwikhadi lakho ishishini. Onjalo nkqubo yinto Pantone Ukutshatisa System (PMS). It kocingo enokungqanyaniswa website kunye woshicilelo (kwakunye naluphi na uhlobo imiphezulu eziprintiweyo), ukunika uhlobo olufanayo.

Umbala: ukuqonda, ukuhlola kunye ukuyithanda!

Abayili ukugxininisa sifundo kwethiyori umbala, psychology okanye neurobiology - izifundo ezintsonkothileyo ukuba ekuhlanganeni kweendlela zobugcisa kunye nenzululwazi. Kodwa le yinxalenye yintoni eyenza lo msebenzi kangaka umdla yaye iluncedo obunjalo emarikeni. Nangona esi sikhokelo sichaza kuphela imiyalelo esisiseko, kukho ithemba lokuba iya kukunceda ukuba wenze ukhetho olunolwazi kunye ngempumelelo ngakumbi umbala ukwenzela iiprojekthi zobuqu okanye umsebenzi.