Umbra: umbala wendalo kunye nemibala yayo

Umbra ngumbala abantu abawufumana kwimvelo ngokwawo. Umhlaba ofudumalayo, iinqwelo zemithi, iziqholo ezinqabileyo, ukuhlanjululwa kwemifula, iifutha ezifudumayo zezilwanyana - ezinxulumano ezinjalo zenza le mibala efudumeleyo, kwaye imifanekiso yabo isetyenziswa rhoqo. Kodwa ulawulo oluphambili lwesicelo sayo kukusetyenziswa kwezithunzi ezinzulu kunye ezithambileyo xa udweba umzimba womntu.

Izixhobo zombala

I-umber yemvelo ngumbala owenzela iintlobo ze-ocher, kodwa iquka ne-manganese. Eli candelo lidala ubukho bomthunzi oluhlaza.

Efunyenwe ngendlela yendalo, le peyinti ayimelana kwaye idla ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha umda obuncinci we-umber wendalo usetyenziswa ukwenzela ukuba zonke ezinye ipeyinti ezisetyenziswe phezu kwalo zime ngokukhawuleza.

Umbhobho ovuthayo

Iziphumo ezininzi zemvelo zitholakala kumthunzi wemvelo. Ngokomzekelo, ngenxa yokubala kwiqondo lokushisa lama-400-600 ° C, umber okwemvelo ufumana obomvu obunobomvu obunobomvu. Lo ngumbingelelo obushushu, umbala wokusetyenziswa kwezitena izakhiwo, izithunzi ezisesikhumbeni, imida.

Iimpawu ezimnyama ze-umber

Xa ezinye izakhi zongezwa, iifom zendalo eziluhlaza zifumaneka. Ezi zongeziweyo ziyi-green spinel, i-chromium oxide eluhlaza, i-hydrates yensimbi kunye ne-manganese oxides, i-aluminosilicates. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza kunye nobumnyama obumnyama bunemibala efanayo kunye nokukwazi ukuma ngokukhawuleza, okwemvelo, ngenxa yokuba ezi peyinti ziqukethe i-manganese. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba xa kuhlanganiswe neoli, umthunzi wepeyinti yangaphambili ingaba mnyama.

Sebenzisa kwiPainting

Abaculi basebenzisa umbra ngokudweba izithunzi xa bekrazula isikhumba, ukutshintsha i-greeny emhlabeni. I-Umbra ene-greenish tint ixabiseke kakhulu ngabapapa. Ngokomzekelo, u-Rembrandt noRubens bakholelwa ukuba umber ngumbala ongapheliyo kwimifanekiso.

Yaye ukuba ipeyinti ixutywe kunye nomhlophe, unokufumana uhlaza kunye nobumnyama. I-Vermeer ixutywe nabamhlophe be-umber kwiingqungquthela zokuqala. Le peyinti itholakala kwimisebenzi yakhe nakwi-primer. Ukubonakaliswa kwezithunzi ezicacileyo kwiindonga ezihlambulukileyo, uVermeer wasebenzisa umber ngomxube obomvu kunye nomhlophe. Ezinye iicwecwe zalo xesha nazo zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kule nhlanganisela.

Ukufumana uboya obumdaka, umgca ocacileyo okanye obuncitshisiweyo we-umber uyasetyenziswa kwiitoni zokukhanya zomhlaba. Umbala uphenduka ulula, kodwa awuyi kukhanya.

Ungayifumana njani idayi yomdaka?

Ngokuqhelekileyo kwimimiselo yemibala lo mthunzi useburhulumenteni, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukufumana eminye imibala, kwaye kungekhona impela. Kodwa ukuba ayifakiwe kwiikiti okanye ipayipi idlulile, kunokufuneka ukuba udibanise.

Umbumba wemvelo ngumbala ofunyenwe kwipende eluhlaza kunye ne-cadmium ebomvu ukukhanya, kunye nokudibanisa kwe-ultramarine kunye nomhlophe. Umthunzi unobunzulu obunzulu.

Ukuxuba obomvu obomvu kunye nohlaza oluhlaza, ungayifumana umthunzi omhle wombumba wokutshiswa. Ukuze umbala umxube ubonakale bhetele, kongeza umhlophe omhlophe.

Umber obomvu ufunyenwe ngokufaka umbala wendalo obandayo okanye obushushu obufudumele, kuxhomekeke kwisiphumo esifunileyo.