Oblomov and Stolz: uthelekiso lwemifanekiso

Kwiincwadi zamabali ababhali basoloko ukusebenzisa indlela uchasaniso. Yena abenza abalinganiswa njengoko ngabathwali izimvo ezithile kunye neengcamango zobomi. Amaninzi, umbhali okanye imbongi oko imele inqubo yayo, Babaqhathanisele ibhekisela ukuya umfundi uvelwano lwabo ngokunxulumene kule okanye loo mlinganiswa.

Abamelene kunye aku-

ababhali Modern badla ngqo kwifomati yamkelwe ngokubanzi, apho hero nganye HIV (protagonist) ububonakalisa isibuko okubi kobuso yokuqala. Le lula yenza umsebenzi ifikeleleke ukuqondwa umfundi ngokubanzi, kodwa schematization yesiphako ebalulekileyo: embi ngokupheleleyo okanye mnandi kuzo zonke, abantu ebomini zinqabile kakhulu, kwaye xa ujonga ngenyameko, awusoze. Kakhulu ngakumbi nzima, ngoko ezinomdla kakhulu kunjalo kwinoveli I. A. Goncharova. Thelekisa Oblomov and Stolz kwi kukhokelela emehlweni kuqala ngokukhatywa engagungqiyo sobuvila engenamsebenzi nzulu, kodwa njengoko ukuvezwa imifanekiso ngokwandileyo onyanzelisa umfundi ukuba bacinge malunga isiphelo kunye zobuqu iimpawu abalinganiswa ababini. Kwaye kwenzeka ukuba izinto babungelulanga.

Stolz njengommeli capitalism progressive

Njengoko kuqondwe igama, Andryusha Shtolts wazalelwa kwintsapho Russified baseJamani. Walatha kuyo, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov uvakalisa ubulumko eqhelekileyo (imbono eqhelekileyo, endleleni, unanamhla) ukuba indima eendaba, zobugcisa, zefilosofi kunye nezinye inkqubela kwilizwe lethu udlalwa ngolwasemzini, kwaye ukusuka eYurophu.

Ekuqaleni amaJamani Russian wamema bonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaluphi na uhlanga, kunye neendwendwe Western. Kodwa ke kucacile ukuba uAndreya ookhokho ababevela kumazwe German. Unina phantse nto iyaziwa, ngaphandle ukuba kukho noblewoman Russian. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, ubomi yahlukile zamakhwenkwe. Oblomov and Stolz ukufundisa eyahlukileyo. Uyise-German ithande ukuba yokutyala shift endilisekileyo. Ufuna unyana ukufana naye. Le umnqweno eqhelekileyo phantse zonke zezindlu zooyise, akukho nto akumangalisi apho. Wafundisa ukuba impumelelo kuyafikelelwa umsebenzi. Le nto ibalulekile umgaqo ubomi (eyaziwa, ngokuzenzekelayo, hayi baseJamani kuphela) imikhosi abe ngqongqo kwaye ngenkani. UYise uyamthanda kuphela unyana wakhe, wabafundisa konke uyazi yaye uyazazi. Oko kuyabuleleka, omnye umzali ukuba abe ngumzekelo jikelele, kodwa ngongoma kukuba kukho izinto textbooks hayi zibhalelwe ukuqonda. Ke ngoku kukho antipodes ezimbini, Oblomov kunye Stolz. Uthelekiso German esebenzayo Russian lazy - isihloko owuthandayo iziqhulo, kwaye omabini la mazwe. Sithanda ukuba isigqebelo malunga baziziyatha lakhe, yaye eJamani ngenkoliseko igxininise iimpawu ezintle lomlinganiswa yesizwe.

Oblomov

Thelekisa Stolz and Oblomov ayikho le njongo, ukuba athathele ingqalelo awohluke yemfundo yomntwana amakhwenkwe amabini. Ukuba Andriusha uyise zigcinwe yaye wafundisa yonke yintoni, ngoko kulya, kwelinye icala, wachitha iminyaka yakhe kwangethuba kuthanjiswa bolonwabo. Le nto nje iyodwa igalelo kakhulu kwithiyori ngempumelelo ekhethekileyo isiJamani, njengoko yethu "abaseNtshona" ahloniphekileyo yonke iminyaka yobudala. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba indalo yemfuza, nizuzane isandla ephezulu, kodwa amathuba iphezulu ukuba, ebamkele imfundo enjalo, noAndreya wayeza kuvuswa a lahle. Umnqweno umsetyenzana generated kwiimeko buhlungu, ngaba iyaziwa yonke ngengqondo. Ngoko ke, utitshala osisilumko nkqu ebuntwaneni esingenamafu kudala "uqeqesho" iimeko ingxabano ukuze kuphuhliswe uphawu olomeleleyo abameli isizukulwana abaselula. Ukuba yonke into elungileyo, ngoko kwenza imigudu ukuba zingabi nto, yaye uya yome. Kunjalo, kulya Ilyich Oblomov, kakhulu, babe nesimilo esihle. Yena enobubele kunye usisilumko ngendlela yakhe, yayintsha kuye ingamampunge nekratshi, nje ukuba ukuqonda ngokucacileyo endaweni yawo ebomini, elo lilungelo nokuzixabisa.

ubuhlobo

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ebomini bethu. Umzekeliso le mbono kwinoveli Goncharov kunokuba abe nobuhlobo Stolz kunye Oblomov. Izichasi umdla ophathekayo, kunye neemeko. Nganye abalinganiswa kwembaliso ufuna into yakhe comrade loo nto kuye. Ngokuphelele Ile Ilichu into Ndingathanda ukufana Andrei Ivanovich, phofu zonke. Kwaye Stolz ziimvakalelo pretty zothando (ngokuzenzekelayo, omnye iimpawu wesizwe waseJamani) comrade bakhe. Realist, iphupha owoyikayo nokucinga njengomntu umgca ngqo, yaye ngokukodwa, ngamanye amaxesha azinazo nomfanekiso- ngokwaneleyo ukuze impumelelo yokwenene. Ngaphezu koko, uyaphumelela kwezoshishino, kuza iwonga ophezulu ekuhlaleni, loo mntu ufumana ngokwakhe ndakucinga ukuba ulonwabo zange wafunyanwa. Kodwa ke apho intsingiselo yobomi nganye. Yenza Oblomov wonwabile? Thelekisa Stolz and Oblomov ucebisa ukuba ngamnye abalinganiswa babe neengxaki ezinkulu ebomini, apho bona ngokwabo ngamanye amaxesha ayicingi.

ubuchule ukuziphatha

Umntu uyazi xa uye kuvela iingxaki ezinzulu. Ngokupheleleyo sisabela ngendlela eyahlukileyo ukuya utshintsho phantsi kweemeko ebomini Oblomov kunye Stolz. Ukuthelekiswa indlela yokuziphatha Comrades ezimbini ukuvavanya iqondo unonophelo yooyise kuboniswe yi-German Ivan (uJohann?) Ukuze unyana wakhe ngexesha akhuliswe ngayo. Xa elivisayo lo mfana wafumana eninzi kolwazi luncedo ngehlabathi. Kodwa ke, nangona yenkqubo zabo, zazimele kunokuba iqela leenketho zenyathelo, ezikhethwe ezikhalini kanye njengoko igumbi eyifumana isitshixo kwi qela. Xa ubudala iziganeko ezichazwe, mhlawumbi, indlela enjalo ugwetyelwa ngokwaso, njengoko Stolz wakwazi ukuba ngusomashishini ophumeleleyo nempumelelo. Ukongeza, inzala kunye nohlobo ubudlelwane athe anxulunyaniswa Oblomov kunye Stolz. ubuhlobo babo ukususela ebuntwaneni yayisekelwe ukuqatshelwa nokubaluleka Andrew.

Ngokuphathelele Oblomov, indlela yokuziphatha algorithm kaThixo lancitshiswa ukunciphisa ixhala nezidubedube. Akazange afune ukuba afundise, kodwa akazange afune ukufunda nto. Ukuba indoda zizifundiswa, akakholelwa ukuba lulutho ngolwazi abalufumene kuyo, bekholelwa ukuba ukuba nantoni na indlela yalo yokuphila.

Women namaqhawe

Ukulala esofeni, kunzima ukuba impumelelo kunye amanenekazi. Le ngxelo Akuthandabuzeki, kodwa isiphelo nethuba kunye Ile Ilichu, kukuchitha ogama endimthandayo kanye lo msebenzi. Olga Ilinskaya, abatsha, ezintle, nangona absurdities ezininzi yokuziphatha Oblomov (okanye mhlawumbi ngenxa yabo, ngubani uyayiqonda umphefumlo female?) Wamthanda kunye hero ombhabhamo obutsha. akabi nanzuzo umnyangi Young efana kunye Andrei Ivanovich, owathi ekuqaleni abangazange baqhoboshele nayiphi ukubaluleka kule nangokusukuzana, kodwa, aze aphawule ubunyani yakhe, wakwazi ukuba bakuthembe emagemeni abo. Thelekisa Oblomov kunye Stolz kwimeko ezibonisa ubuntu engavumi ngokunceda yokugqibela, kodwa uthando, njengoko emfazweni, zonke iindlela ezilungileyo. Ngoko ke, ubuncinane, zithi baseYurophu, ingakumbi isiFrentshi. Nazigqibo Ivana Ilicha, njengesiqhelo, babesebenza naye. Oblomov wafumana ulonwabo kunye nomnye umfazi, mhlawumbi kangangoko enkulu kufanelekile, Agafia Pshenitsyn, nangona nje eqaqambileyo njengoko Olga, kodwa ezolileyo nenkathalo.

Umahluko nokufana

Kukho uluvo onamandla ukuba ukumithisa ubuso Oblomov Goncharov iyayigweba uhlobo iintloni sobuvila, inertia kunye inertia ungunyana wabanumzana Russian. Ukuba silandela eli logic, ngoko ke umfanekiso Stolz ubungcwele iminqweno ngcembe ezikhulayo capital yasekhaya (emva koko, ekugqibeleni, oko kukuthi, nangona igama eJamani, indoda Russian yaba kakhulu). Kubonakala ngathi, ke, ukuba Potters bafuna ukuxelela into yakhe ngakumbi inoveli, waza waphumelela. izichasi ezo Oblomov kunye Stolz. Abalinganiswa ngayo lo Iley Ilichom "yokuchitha wempangelo" bako kakhulu kwaye iilebhile. Akazange afune ukuba ahlale etafileni ikhadi, bencokola nto, abanomdla kuloo ngaphezu nantoni na. Yena ukuphika sengqondo nzulu malunga ehlabathini yayingesosidenge. Ukufana of Oblomov kunye Stolz banqwenela zombini kulala. Nje iphupha yokuqala kubo ezithile kakhulu, ngokwasemzimbeni, kwaye yesibini - le yokuziphatha. Kwangaxeshanye, kulya Ilyich wazi harmfulness zabo zobubi, uthi ngayo nomhlobo wakhe, ukuqonda namandla yakhe ekulweni lobuvila. Andrey on self-nokugxekwa akakwazi.

Oblomov phi ukuya?

Kwaye yintoni eyona ezahlukeneyo Oblomov and Stolz? Uthelekiso ingabonakala ilula. Omnye isoloko ilele kunye nezinye sihamba rhoqo. Oblomov akafuni ukuba sive nokuva malunga namabango amatyala, ufuna ukubhala ezinye uhlobo isicwangciso ngokutsha ngamafa zabo, esiza ukuhla, kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha walala ubuthongo, yaye akazange aqale le sifundo. Stolz njalo endleleni, ubukhulu becala phesheya. Ubiza efanayo kunye namanye, enethemba lokuba umoya kumazwe akude, ziya zivuse lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo. Iikulya Ilyich ke Musa ukungxama ukuya kwenye, yena ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe kakuhle, ingakumbi ngexesha xa ebomini bam ukuba ekuqaleni ukutshintsha. Ngendlela, ukuba abahlobo zimbini abaselula, bona ezingamashumi amathathu (umzekelo, "umntu omdala" Karenina Tolstoy wayeneminyaka ngaphantsi kwama-50). Mhlawumbi ilungelo akafuni zinani Oblomov ebudaleni bakhe ...

Ngubani na luncedo ngakumbi?

Ukuba sicinga inoveli xa umsebenzi sengqiqo Goncharova, ngokwenene kungancitshiswa ukuya kokuphikisa typecasting ezifana Oblomov kunye Stolz. Ukuthelekisa nabo ngokwemiqathango yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko ibonisa inzuzo ecacileyo yomgaqo esebenzayo phezu yokuphila entsha obemi. Enye lonke ixesha imisebenzi, wenza oosinga ezilungileyo "umntu etyheli, 'wayevuka ngentsimbi yesithandathu emalithathwe ngokwakho imithambo zisempilweni. Elesibini ubuxoki limply axoxe iingxaki bulumko ngaphandle sizixhalabise elizayo. Luncedo kuluntu Stolz. Kodwa bonke babe naye? Yaye ngaba kuyimfuneko?

on inkululeko

I baphinda ukufunda inoveli ongenakufa ngu I. A. Goncharova nokuhlola ngokwengqiqo zefashoni kwezinye izahluko zomphakathi namhlanje izimvo silinene, kuza kwisigqibo ngamazwi ukuba Oblomov kungaphezu kukho ibinzana elithi "ixabiso free". "AbaseNtshona" Stolz yaye ehlonelwa kubo "Abantu mthubi" umsebenzi ukomeleza uqoqosho lizwe ekhaya, kodwa Oblomov ohlala ngokwawo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa nabani, ngaphandle ofuna ukuthatha unonophelo okulungileyo nemibutho. Kaloku, akazange azalwe ukulwa, yintoni onokuyenza ... Musa ungathanda xa tormoshat yakhe, nokuba oko kwenziwa ngenxa yeentshukumisa ubuhlobo. Le yinto inkululeko, yaye wonk 'ubomi indlela afuna.

Wabhubha eselula, ngokwendlela okubhaliweyo yenoveli, phambi kwabo wokuzalwa amane. Wonakalise I. I. Oblomova yokuphila ngokucacileyo mpilweni, uyalwa akhethwe nguye emva ngokwaphula kunye Olga. Oku kwakhona lokuzikhethela, nangona ngokwabantu nosizi ngaye.