Tszyan Tszemin, inkokeli iqela Chinese: Biography

Ts Zemin - intloko China iminyaka eli-13, ukususela ngo-1989 ukuya 2002. Waye uNobhala Jikelele CPC Committee Central. Intloko yeBhunga Military kunye Central China. Ukususela ngowe-1993 ukuya 2003. UMongameli Chinese.

usapho

Ts Zemin wazalwa Agasti 17, 1926 kwiPhondo Jiangsu, kwisixeko Yangzhou. Evela intsapho ofundileyo. Uyisemkhulu kwaba ugqirha elungileyo kunye amayeza abantu abathi Chinese emveli, awayezithanda kaligrafi nokupeyinta. Utata wam waye eyimbongi, iimagazini epapashwe, ebanjwe komhlaba Communist Party, kodwa wafa kule minyaka ingama-28 ubudala ngexesha umzabalazo wezigalo.

ukubunjwa

Tszyan Tszemin wafumana imfundo elungileyo. Yena wangena Shanghai Jiaotong University of Transport, kwi-Faculty of Electrical Engineering. Yena inxaxheba kwimisebenzi komhlaba. Yena isidanga kwiYunivesithi Shanghai ngowe-1947 A ngonyaka phambi kwesi siganeko, ngowe-1946, wajoyina i-Communist Party.

Experience umsebenzi

Xa wabumba ne-Peoples Republic of China, uJiang phantse emashumi uye wasebenza kwiSebe Machine Building. Apho, uye weza indlela ende ukusuka umqeshwa eziqhelekileyo kumlawuli we omnye kumaziko amakhulu uphando.

Practice, ngoxa omnye umfundi, yabanjwa e Moscow Automobile Plant ogama emva Likhachev. UJiang sengqondo esingenalusini ngayo leftism. Yaye ekupheleni 'revolution yenkcubeko "wathunyelwa iqela ukusebenza iKomiti Central eShanghai ukuphanda izenzo ezingekho mthethweni le" Gang of Four ".

Ekuqaleni-1980. Tszyan Tszemin wasebenza njengoMphathiswa kushishino umbane, Bulelani kuye, ubugcisa obutsha ezininzi ziye zaziswa. Wakwazi ukuseka abafowunelwa kunye namagosa ezininzi nempembelelo MIC. Uyakwazi ukwenza indlela imimandla ekhethekileyo entlalo-qoqosho kwaye bezimali angaphandle kweli lizwe.

Ngexesha lolawulo lwakhe waya iindawo zorhwebo ezamahala ezininzi kumazwe ubuncinane-10 ehlabathini lonke. Ukususela 1985 ukuya 1989. Wayesebenza sokuba umphathi Shanghai, ngoko uNobhala weKomiti Party. Kunye nezakhono abazifumene uJiang ezinabantu wahlala niche kwezopolitiko.

imisebenzi party

Tszyan Tszemin ngokwakhe kwi kwentloko CCP ngo-1989 Oku kwenzeka emva kokuba unobhala jikelele CPC Committee Central Isahluko Ziyang, wagxothwa post yakhe, wathumela endlwini abanjwe. Oku kubangelwa kule ihlazo yaba ukuxhasa abaqhankqalazi umfundi, lowo babefuna inkululeko yezopolitiko China.

A indima ebonakalayo ukuqeshwa kwizithuba abaphezulu uJiang yaba ingxelo yakhe ukuba uyasixhasa ngokupheleleyo izenzo yenkokheli lizwe, ngenxa yaba Olwa yokuqala indawo D. Xiaoping. UJiang wabizwa e Shanghai waza wamiselwa unobhala jikelele we-Chinese Communist Party.

Xa ndawo, weza uJiang Xiaoping, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba wamiselwa okwethutyana kwisikhundla sokuba yintloko iqela. Kodwa lo mbono ngokukhawuleza zatshintsha xa Zemin wathabatha ulawulo ngokuqinileyo kuphela iqela, kodwa urhulumente wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1993, Chinese uMongameli uJiang waba.

imbono Political bakholelwa ukuba China ufumbethe Zemin yayo impumelelo ngumkhinkqi umlinganiswa, kuquka enye ochazayo kunye nempumelelo kwinqanaba lezopolitiko. China kunjalo qinisa indawo yabo akapheleli nje uluvo kwimiba emininzi yehlabathi, kodwa othi anicacisele ekuhleni. Kwaye ngoku sele kuthathelwa ingqalelo luluntu jikelele.

umsebenzi wezopolitiko

Ekupheleni kwale 1960. Tszyan Tszemin, ogama engobomi ichazwe kweli nqaku, ufikile phantsi ukugxeka Olubomvu Guards. Noko ke, imiphumo kakhulu wakwazi ukubaleka, kodwa okwethutyana, umsebenzi wakhe ezopolitiko braked. Ekuqaleni-1970. waya eRomania, xa kutyelelo esebenzayo. Xa ebuyela ekhaya, wafudukela eBeijing ekubeni uthathe isigqibo uxanduva urhulumente.

Ukususela ngo-1980 ukuya 1982. Waye isekela ngumlungiseleli yeKomishoni kaRhulumente for Export no Rhweba ngaphakathi. Ukususela 1982 ukuya 1983. Wayesebenza njengoko lukaSekela Mphathiswa kushishino ngekhompyutha, kwaye kwisithuba ukususela 1983 ukuya 1985. sele ngqo nguMphathiswa Economy. Ngoxa e China, phezu phulo ngelo xesha intloko karhulumente Deng Xiaoping utshintsho baqalisa ukuba zenzeke. umsebenzi UJiang yanceda elibi oyingcaphephe oyaziyo imeko ehlabathini. Ngenxa yoko, waqalisa ukuya kukhwela ileli eliphezulu.

Ngowe-1985, xa Shanghai uSodolophu Wang Daohan ukushiya ofisi, wabakhuthaza endaweni yakhe uJiang Zemin. Xa icebiso lakhe, urhulumente wamphulaphula, kunye Chiang waba usodolophu entsha. Ngowe-1989, yena Ukongezelela wamiselwa USihlalo Military Central Commission. Yaye ngowe-1993, uJiang - Hu.

Xa kukho utshintsho nguNobhala-Jikelele of China, uJiang wakwazi ukwenza inzuzo yokwexeshana egameni labo. Kodwa ke, nangona ekulondolozweni kukho izithuba ezithile eziphezulu yethutyana, kwakusafuneka waba yinkokheli ongekho mthethweni, kwakunye ngexesha Deng Xiaoping.

yokusula Zemin

Ngowe-2002, uC Zemin, intloko China, esele ngelo xesha, ndineminyaka eyi-76 ubudala, umhlala-phantsi. Ukususela ngo-2002 ukuya ku-2005, Xa kwakukho utshintshelo lolawulo, yena waphulukana zonke izikhundla zakhe (uNobhala Jikelele CPC Central Committee, uMongameli weRiphabliki of China kunye nentloko yomphathi zomkhosi Hu Tszintao Council) ukuba angene ezihlangwini zakhe.

Kunjalo, UJiang, eshiya zonke iindawo eziphakamileyo, kuba igama lokugqibela xa kufikwa iingxaki zasekhaya yezopolitiko kunye nemiba ebuthathaka yezopolitiko. Hu u kandziyise wambonisa imbeko, isuka imitsi phambili kwiintlanganiso, nangona sele ngentla ofisi yakhe. Kule minyaka mithathu, ngoxa kwakukho utshintshelo lolawulo, Hu iye zayeka utshintsho kubasebenzi, kodwa ke yaqalisa ngcembe nabaxhasi nengcinezelo Zemin.

China: Utshintsho uJiang Zemin

Ngokutsho umgaqo-nkqubo wayo, uJiang nje baqhubeka yeenguqulelo sele iqaliswe phambi kokuba D. Xiaoping, kodwa wakwazi ukuqalisa ezintsha. China ngelo xesha baqala kuphela ukulwa indawo kwiimarike zehlabathi. Ngenxa yemigudu guqula uJiang, China:

• Kwaba phezu kwendawo 7 ehlabathini kwinkalo yoqoqosho;
• Waba lilungu le-WTO;
• Iba ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele yamajoni kunye amathuba ezoqoqosho;
• It udize iinjongo zakhe ukuba ube yinkokeli kwi kummandla Asia-Pacific (Asia Pacific) ;
• Wathabatha e Shanghai kwisikrini Summit;
• iphumelele ugqatso lwamaxabiso ukusingatha Imidlalo elandelayo Olimpiki (2008).

isenzo babebambelele CPC yenqaba iinguqulelo ezintsha, kodwa uJiang wakwazi 'ukulicudisa' imfundiso yakhe i "imela ezintathu" kwinkqubo Party. Le ezintsha alinganayo nezazi kunye abalimi kunye nabasebenzi kunye wavula indlela lweshishini zabucala.

China ebudeni bolawulo uJiang Zemin: ubuhlobo kunye USSR

Le ngobomi yezopolitiko C. Zemin Soviet Union ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo. Xa nenani-1950. UJiang yaba umqeqeshwa kwi isityalo imoto kuzo. Stalin eSoviet Union. Kungelo xesha awathi uJiang waseka sengqondo eSoviet. Yena ngokutyibilikayo in Russian, uyazi kukho imizekeliso emininzi kunye amazwi, uyacula kakuhle nezakudala Russian.

Xa nenani-1990. Yena watyelela eMoscow ngokwesikhundla uNobhala Jikelele we-Chinese Communist Party. Ngowe-1998, yena yabamba intlanganiso ozakuzo "ngaphandle amaqhina". Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwabanjwa okokuqala kwimbali China. Kodwa ngaphambi kwentlanganiso, Jiang wadibana yokuqala osebenza nabo, lowo wayesebenza kwi ZISe ngo-1955

Ngowe-1997, yena usayine isivumelwano ozakuzo kunye Yeltsin kwi kwihlabathi multipolar kwaye umyalelo zasehlabathini kwinkulungwane yama-21 (Moscow - China). Olu xwebhu obusekelwe ekubambisaneni ngokulinganayo. UJiang sele kudala ndiphupha ngokundwendwela kwiphandle umbhali oyintanda Lva Tolstogo kunye tyelelo wathabatha ixesha ukutyelela le ndawo. Yena wayeyoliswa kakhulu iziseko bulumko yomsebenzi wakhe. Kwaye imisebenzi Lva Tolstogo esazi yonke into.

impilo Personal

Tszyan Tszemin Utshate Van Epin, owayesebenza njengomqhubi ngoomatshini. umtshato wabo kwenzeka ngo-1948, umfazi uJiang kutshata naye inzalelwane kwiPhondo Jiangsu, Yangzhou City. Xa umtshato ke wazala abanye oonyana ababini kunye Mianheng Tszinkan.

ukuzenza

Ts Zemin is ngeempumlo IsiNgesi kunye iilwimi IsiRussian. wayeyoliswa kakhulu umculo noncwadi, ukubhala memoirs kunye neencwadi. Ngo-2006 kwafika ukupapashwa incwadi yakhe imisebenzi ekhethiweyo. intengiso Ekhaya ziye ngokubanzi ogqunywe kumabonwakude. Ngenxa omnye wootitshala Chinese, imibongo uJiang ziye zifakiwe kwikharityhulam yesikolo kwiincwadi zezifundo.

Wazama ukuphumelela kwabo basebaleni kwimibongo. Ngowe-1991 wapapasha umbongo banikezela yasebusika ezimaxongo zahlasela kummandla ntshonalanga China. Ke enye le mibongo yokugqibela wadalwa ngexesha nendawo enyukayo ngasendlwini Yellow Intaba - yenye eziphezulu ezingcwele Chinese. Ngowe-2001, uJiang wabhala imihobe ezithathu, esinye sazo sanikezelwa Fidel Castro.

Ts Zemin ucula kamnandi kwaye ngamanye ziimvuzemvuze ezivunywa kunye iimvumi Chinese ezaziwayo-kakuhle okanye oogxa babo amazwe. Umzekelo, Luciano eyindumasi iPavarotti wathi uJiang wayengase abe inkwenkwezi enkulu opera. Xa intloko China ummemileyo, Placido Domingo kunye Jose Carreras wonwabele isidlo emva ikonsathi, eyayibanjelwe eBeijing. Zonke ezine nxaxheba isigqibo ongeze nentwana bendalo idinala bacula. Eyindumasi iPavarotti yamangaliswa xa uMongameli of China ngokungalindelekanga eqeqeshelwayo kakhulu bacula duet kunye naye.