Inkqubo wolawulo zehlabathi; umgangatho igolide kwi imeko yangoku bemicimbi

inkqubo wolawulo zehlabathi luhlobo yentlangano unxulumano emali, ezithe zabakho kweli nqanaba ophuhliso kwimakethi. ukuvela yayo linxulunyaniswa ukuvela imali kokuqalisa ukusebenza kwabo njengendlela sentlawulo kweentengiselwano intlawulo ngamazwe.

Ukufika kwe-nkqubo wolawulo iye kwizimanga kakhulu zendalo, ngaphandle apho uphuhliso loqoqosho ihlabathi ukuba kunokwenzeka. Njengoko intshayelelo, kwaye ulahliwe asemgangathweni yegolide - yimpendulo kwiimfuno xesha, kwakunye isiqinisekiso ukwenzeka kwimbali yoluntu kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Amanqanaba ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo ngamazwe emali kunye neempawu zazo

1. Inkqubo standard yegolide (1821-1939) ngokungqinelana nayo nayiphi na imali ekufuneka zibonelelwe ngegolide. Banks kwilizwe ngalinye, eganelwe ukunika convertibility simahla imali yabo metal amanene ngokwesicelo. inkqubo lawulo wemali kuzakuthathwa amazinga otshintshiselwano fixed ezisisigxina ngemali ngamnye ngamnye. Kakade ke, oku niya kuchaphazela uphuhliso urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe kunye notyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa imeko yezoqoqosho omeleza. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo lawulo yaye inani lokusilela leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kwi olwandulela yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi ukuba ishiywe. Phakathi kwabo lelo qula-ntle yabemi abaxhomekeke hayi kuphuhliso loqoqosho, kodwa ukwanda okanye ukuncipha kwemveliso ngegolide, kwakunye ukungakwazi amazwe-nkqubo ezimeleyo lawulo wemali. 2. I-eBretton Woods system (1944-1976). Le nkqubo wemali busenza ukuba ezidadayo amazinga otshintshiselwano, ebavumela ukuba ukusabela ukutshintsha iimeko zemarike. Ikhosi zonke iimali ndakutywina akwiidola, kwaye urhulumente US wayeza ukuqinisekisa ukutshintsha imali yabo negolide. Oko ngeli xesha sele imiselwe anempembelelo enjalo kumazwe ngamazwe umbutho njengoko IMF, injongo ephambili yomsebenzi apho kanye uphuhliso urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe amabini kunye nentsebenziswano yazo entsimini yonxulumano emali. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwabonakala ukuba urhulumente wayengenamdla ukuzivumelanisa amazinga okunanisa imali yayo kunye nomgangatho efanelekileyo amatyala ayikwazi kuqinisekile. Ukongeza, ubuhlobo wayengekho mnandi kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi ukususela eUnited States. 3. Ngo-1976, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuya kwinkqubo currency Jamaica, njengoko apho umgangatho wonaniselwano nayiphi ikharensi ezimiselwe ngumthetho yonikezelo kunye nemfuno. inkqubo yemali Modern kufuna inkcazelo eyahlukileyo ye-Central Bank izinga lotshintshiselwano ulawulo karhulumente, eqinisekisa bhetyebhetye kunye elifutshane uzinzo zayo zexesha elide, nto leyo kakuhle echaphazela uphuhliso lorhwebo kunye nezemali. Bobubi kwenkqubo currency Jamaica ziquka: phezulu emali, utshintsho ezibukhali kumazinga exchange kunye ukungabikho kozinzo imeko yezoqoqosho kwi emarikeni. Kulo mba, iinkokheli zelizwe ngalinye kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kakhulu ngakumbi isicwangciso-qhinga yokusebenza, kuba ngoku, kuphela isenzo sabo yamxhel'omnye kuxhomekeke-ntle yabemi.