LNG lweBaltic: uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo

Kufutshane St. Petersburg, kufuphi kwizibuko Ust-Luga, oko uceba ukwakha isityalo ekuveliseni irhasi yohlobo lwepetroliyam. projekthi ezinkulu-scale kuqikelelwa kwi-1 ezigidi engange-mali.

Zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze kwakhiwe

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba igesi yombhobho ngexabiso eliphantsi kunokuba neGesi zaqala bokwenyuka isitali isicelo kwabathengi. Kulo mba, ubunkokheli "Gazprom" inkampani wenza isigqibo malunga nokwakhiwa kweendawo eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa izivumelwano ingeniso kwaye ukuze Akothusi ukufumanisa imarike wafuna imveliso. Lo mzi-mveliso ezicwangcisiweyo, Baltic LNG, ziya kuba kummandla iLeningrad, elileli, kummandla kufutshane kwizibuko Ust-Luga.

Ukongeza nembonakalo yoqoqosho olukhulu, ulwakhiwo kwiBaltic LNG ukusombulula iingxaki ezithile kummandla iLeningrad, uya kwakhiwa amasebe eziliqela kwemibhobho igesi kunye nezibonelelo processing. Ukongeza, ukuba uceba ukuqala ngokubonelela igesi yendalo ukuya kummandla eKaliningrad, wayakhela le izibonelelo eziyimfuneko.

imigomo

Ezona njongo ephambili yale projekthi "Baltic LNG" ebizwa izinto irhasi yohlobo lwepetroliyam eYurophu kwakunye India kunye Latin America. Injongo olongezelelweyo kwiinkampani zokwakha kukwandisa flow amancinci-yeetoni lobonelelo kuLwandle lweBaltic, kwakunye izitya zenkonzo emarikeni ziphembelela kunye amafutha (bunkering).

project

Umthamo yoyilo lufakwa kwinqanaba iitoni yezigidi ezilishumi igesi yepetroliyamu ngonyaka ngamnye, ngenjongo ukwandisa imveliso iitoni ukuya ku elinesihlanu yezigidi ngonyaka ngamnye. Isigqibo sokugqibela malunga inkampani tab, isaziso iinkokeli "Gazprom" ngo-Apreli 2015. Ukwakhiwa kwiBaltic LNG ucwangciselwe ukugqitywa ngo-2020. Kwikota yesine, ngokwesicwangciso, nebhetshi yokuqala iimveliso ezithunyelwa. Ngokutsho iimpapasho zakutshanje kwimidiya, ukugqitywa zokwakha ikhutshelwa ukuya kwiminyaka 2021-2022, kodwa akukho izimvo ezisemthethweni mbandela apho.

Le projekthi iquka iinxalenye ezintathu:

• Baltic LNG.
• Mome.
• EPort terminal yokuphatha kwizikhongozeli bamatanki igesi.

Ukwakha iindleko zokuqala elinganisela engange 460 billion, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwenzeka kuphela engange, kuba zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko eziza kuthengwa phesheya. Ngokomthetho dollar, ixabiso le projekthi iya kuhlala ingaguqukanga.

Ukwakhiwa iza kuphumeza umncedisi we "Gazprom" inkampani "Gazprom LNG St. Petersburg." Partners ekuphumezeni izicwangciso ekubhekiswe ombutho «Gazprom», Shell, thethwano kunye Mitsui, Mitsubishi. Malunga namawaka amathandathu abantu baya kwakha Baltic LNG. UMyili jikelele investment ukugwetyelwa - Design Institute JSC "Giprospetsgaz". Ngomhla ukwakhiwa mbhobho zibandakanya malunga namawaka amabini iingcali.

nxaxheba

Zimbalwa batyali-mali ziya umdla kwiprojekthi Baltic LNG. "Gazprom" yaye kuchazwa enye nxaxheba okhokelayo ekwakhiweni isityalo elizayo. Ngokwesakhelo soMgaqo-St Petersburg International Economic Forum, eyayibanjelwe e-June 2016, i-Corporation isayinwe imemorandam kunye nenkampani Royal Dutch Shell, nto leyo engqina injongo amaqela '.

Nangona le nkampani yaseJamani wavakalisa umnqweno ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kulwakhiwo, kunjalo, kufikelelwe esigqibeni ngalo akukhange zisayiniwe, umda kuphela ukuqinisekisa iminqweno. Iingcali ezininzi ukudibanisa ukungawathembi inkxalabo isiJamani izohlwayo yaseYurophu nxamnye neRashiya. Okwangoku,-thethwano malunga ubungakanani nesabelo kwinkampani kwiprojekthi Shell.

Ukuxhasa le projekthi sithetha malunga Ukuphandwa ngokufumaneka zabelo share jikelele ngo-49% ezabelo. Uthethwano luyaqhubeka, kodwa incoko backroom yaqinisekisa inkcazelo Shell ungafumana phantse isiqingatha kwisityalo. Isizathu soku sigqibo kukuba inkampani waseJamani ukulungele ukunika iteknoloji yokunyibilika igesi.

kwachazwa ukuba "Baltic LNG" isakhiwo nxaxheba kokwakhiwa kweprojekthi zingatshintsha ngoJulayi 2016. Banqwenela ukuvakalisa iinkampani Japanese ukuba abe namava kwimarike Russian ekuphumezeni iprojekthi i "Sakhalin-2".

Ukukhetha le umyili

Uluhlu ephambili "Gazprom" kwaye engena imisebenzi Baltic LNG. Eyila imbaxa kwinyathelo yokhetho ikontraka jikelele. Iingcali call iinkampani eziliqela ngayo "Gazprom" sele beneminyaka inkqubo yokusombulula ezinye iingxaki. Kolu ngcelele yintengo "VNIPIgazdobycha" - ngaphambili, ukuba umyili jikelele kwamashishini ezifanayo Primorye (iprojekthi ayenziwanga).

Kwakhona wabiza Research Institute of OJSC "Gazprom Promgaz", enye iinkampani ezindala shishino. Kodwa ithuba ifanelekileyo ukufumana umyalelo uhleli OAO "Giprospetsgaz" (St. Petersburg). Enye amaqela noshowo lenkampani iphatha LNG, yaye namava ekuphunyezweni kwemisebenzi, iiprojekthi ezifana "Baltic LNG" (sisityalo). Inxalenye ethile yomsebenzi nkampani sele ziphunyezwe - kuqhutywa nomqondo mali.

inkqubo supplementary

Ikamva kwiBaltic LNG liya ingabekwa iSebe lezoKhuselo kwamazwe ukusuka kummandla woshishino kwizibuko Ust-Luga ikhulu ambalwa leemitha. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ukuphunyezwa lonke uluhlu yokwakha wegesi. Uya kusolula ukusuka kwisixeko Volkhov kummandla Leningrad. Inkxaso-mali yabelwe inqaku elahlukileyo ithetha iyunithi mveliso kunye nezorhwebo ezizimeleyo. Yombhobho iza kunika izinto ekrwada ngqo izityalo kunye nezinye abathengi. Inkxaso-mali yokwakha iza kubanjwa ukusuka kwinkqubo abathengi gasification.

/ Unyaka LNG vala wokuqala ifuna 16.8 bn m ³ Le conduit amandla 34 kuthelekelelwe ^kwinqanaba-3 billion cubic ^metres. Kubathengi gas eseleyo kusekho kukwinqanam locwangciso. Kukho iprojekthi yokwakha izityalo ezimbini imveliso methanol. Isahlulo sesithathu yeprojekthi LNG elikhulu osakhasayo ukugcina zaselwandle.

aziqali

Iiprojekthi kuqala ukwakhiwa LNG babegqalwa "Gazprom" Corporation ngo-2004. Ekuqaleni ijoliswe ekwakheni isityalo Primorsk, umthamo walo uyilo 7 yezigidi m ³ / nyaka, siye izicwangciso ukuhambisa imveliso baseUnited States naseKhanada. Ngo-2007, ingcamango kwayekwa wakhetha LNG ixesha elide kwi Shtokman, nto leyo nayo okunkonkxiweyo, isigqibo kuphosa yonke imikhosi ekwakhiweni mbhobho "Nord Stream".

Ingcamango LNG postroist kwingingqi iLeningrad umva ngo-2013. Choice walala phakathi sites kwiinkalo Vyborg, Primorsk kunye Ust-Luga port. Isigqibo sokugqibela egameni uyezibuko wabanjwa ekuqaleni ngoJanuwari 2015. Izizathu ezo iingenelo eliqela lula wamanzi indlela iinqanawa, iimeko ice yokhuseleko. indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa kulawulo yommandla Leningrad uceba ukwakha indawo enkulu mveliso, nekufuneka ibandakanye malunga ezintandathu izicokisi kunye izakhiwo acid, kufuneka igesi kweemitha ukuya kwisigidi asixhenxe cubic.

impembelelo elindelekileyo

Ngokutsho iingcali zorhwebo amandla, ulwakhiwo kwiBaltic LNG liya kubonelela ithuba elimlungeleyo lokumnikela igesi Russian yendalo kuloo mazwe aseYurophu apho yombhobho alifikeleli. Ngokukodwa, ithi eSpeyin, apho amashishini-eneji olunzulu ephelisa kuphela amafutha engamanzi amazwe imithamo emikhulu. Akukho market kangako nathembisayo Portugal, unxweme isiFrentshi, kwaye kwimimandla esemazantsi eItali. Largest yabathengi izibonelelo engamanzi yendalo United Kingdom, nangona irhasi ngokusebenzisa yombhobho eziza kufundiswa livakale ngokwaneleyo.

Kodwa iingcali uthandabuzayo malunga imfuno yabathengi amazwe kwegesi igesi Russian yendalo. Le imarike inokhuphiswano kakhulu abadlali elide ndixakekile aphinde elicandelo ukunciphisa kuphela iindleko izinto. Njengokuba kude kangangoko kunokwenzeka - logama nje asikwazi sithi. Indima esihle ukwakhiwa kwiBaltic LNG liya kudlala kuba kummandla zasekuhlaleni, apho umngcipheko ishiywa ngaphandle irhasi emva kokukhutshwa ijikazi amandla olunye kumazwe eBaltic. Ukwakhiwa yombhobho igesi ishenxisa nje le ngxaki kodwa inika yokukhawulezisa kuphuhliso lwamashisini kummandla Leningrad.