Cave city Bopha eCrimea: kwimbali neefoto

History of eCrimea ibamba iimfihlelo ezininzi iimfihlelo. Izazinzulu nangoku ukufunda oko, ukufumana ubungqina ngakumbi nangakumbi iziganeko yakudala. Cave city Bopha - enye zakhiwo, ibekwe kwi usingasiqithi leyo ebangela umdla omkhulu abaphandi.

Uphi na umzi?

zokuhlala Mysterious ibekwe kufuphi kwilali Rocky, Bakhchisaray kummandla eCrimea. Kukho kwakhona Mars sedikeni kuchaphazela ubuhle ekuseni ngokwenene.

Cave city Bopha: Imbali

Le lesikhumbuzo umlando isixeko mqolomba yomntla eCrimea - kuba kuphela emathafeni. Le ndawo idlale indima ekhethekileyo Isiphelo sakhe. Esi sixeko yasekwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane III, ngo VIII-IX eminyaka iye yaqinisa umgca wayo wokuqala yokuzikhusela. Ngexesha izibonelelo, ukuba abe licandelo elinye kunye lali, kwicala elingasezantsi apho ibekwe izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo njongo kwezoqoqosho, kuquka complex iwayini-wokwenza.

Ngenkulungwane VI, le nqaba yakhiwa endaweni yayo. zokuzikhusela zakhe zazenziwe iibhloko lekalika enkulu. Phantsi inxenye esentshona imitha-amabini phantsi emiqolombeni eweni kwinqaba iShushan wagcinwa umlo. Kwezinye kubo izivingco kwezinye - kwizinyuko oqingqiweyo waya engxondorheni. Kukho ababekhonza kwaye ukwakha bayirhawula abasawuli umlilo yabatoli.

Castle wasivuna sisihogo esinzulu. Ezikufutshane ulwakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nokuhlaliswa iindonga esemaphandleni kukhuseleka, nto leyo ehambisana neenkqubo feudal ngelo xesha. Igama yeendawo zokuhlala evela ulwimi lohlanga. Igama elithi "baklak" lithetha "isitya ngamanzi." Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iphambili umzi - sisigingqi okuziinkozo ezimise nezitya kunye nentamo elimxinwa.

Cave city Bopha (eCrimea) okokuqala waqalisa ukufunda abasebenzi Local Lore Museum lonke elo lizwe ngo-1929. Ngowe-1961, lo msebenzi bajoyine izazinzulu Museum Historical eMoscow. Kweli xesha post-eSoviet isixeko emqolombeni Buckley, kwakunye amangcwaba eziwangqongileyo baphanga "archeologists abamnyama".

labantu

Abemi kwisixeko samandulo baba Sarmatian-Alans kunye ngamaGoth, ngubani Sizibandakanye izilwanyana, ezolimo kunye nemveliso iwayini. Izazinzulu kuqinisekisa olu guqulelo sisigingqi ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini okuziinkozo abasindayo.

Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, umqolomba isixeko Bakla ixesha wasebenzisa amaByzantine - bahlawulwa bendawo kubuKristu wabeka amabutho zabo. Ezininzi ngabembi iye yavumela ukuba ngelithi xa umzi usengozini onokufa, abahlali wemka Buckley yaye bafumana ikhusi emva kweendonga komnye umzi - Calais, ngubani belikufuphi.

Cave city Bopha, photo kabani thina kuthunyelwe eli nqaku, waze ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIII. Ngeli xesha ayehlasela imikhosi anayo kwi usingasiqithi, eyayikhokelwa Nogai Khan. Oku kuhlaselwa imfazwe yokugqibela kunye mbuya, nto leyo ekhokelele mzi mqolomba bawa. Lidla a bit khange ibanjelwe phezulu Bopha eminyaka kwasekusekweni kwehlabathi. Sagcina iinkulungwane eziliqela kumbindi kwezenkcubeko nakwimfundo yonqulo yamandulo, kodwa ukuqala ukususela ngenkulungwane XIV, abantu apha andihlalanga.

Inkcazelo yokuhlala

Cave city Bopha ibonakala ngokucacileyo ukususela kude - ukusuka kwintlambo emazantsi yeendawo zokuhlala. Ukunyuka kufutshane ithafa entabeni ukuya emqolombeni, ngokwabo, ngoko nangoko ungabona imingxuma ezininzi lekalika rock ethambileyo. Xa uhlobo ziyafana pithoi yamandulo Greek - iinqanawa ezinkulu ukugcina iwayini. Kodwa ezi neendebe amatye bagcinwa kakhulu ingqolowa.

Zonke izinto zakudala zibonisa ukuba kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi okuziinkozo abadala, ingakumbi ingqolowa. Kukho uguqulelo ukuba isivuno ingeniswe evela kwimimandla lasemantla ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, lo mzi Bopha isetyenziswa isiphambuka urhwebo phakathi unxweme kunye nenkunkuma.

amanzi

Kwisixeko samandulo ubunzima ngamanzi ekho-. Xa ubomi lali kunzima ukulondoloza amanzi axabisekileyo ahlala indawo ebalulekileyo. Ukuze wenze oku, umisele ezahlukeneyo izixhobo, nto leyo kungabonwa namhlanje kwi ematyeni.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sele wahlala kwi phezulu lehewu source lwangoku, ngesiqhelo ekwi owomileyo phakathi-ehlotyeni. Imizila yeenyawo kwi emaweni zibonisa ukuba kumaxesha amandulo ngayo abafumileyo ngakumbi, yaye wayengomnye imithombo yamanzi kubantu basekuhlaleni. Kwezinye iindawo, ebizwa njalo-herringbone ebonakalayo - an isibotho kwi ilitye, evumela ukuba ukuqokelela amanzi emvula.

izakhiwo zenkolo

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, Buckley yaba liziko ebalulekileyo okuqala zamaKristu zonqulo. Oku kungqinwa iziseko izakhiwo ezininzi zetempile. Oku abaphandi isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba kule minyaka loshushiso ubuKristu kuBukhosi baseByzantium, abaxhasi ezininzi ukholo ubalekile apha yintshutshiso, apho indlela aba kancinci othambileyo. Oku kucacisa ubukho iicawa ezininzi, nto leyo ezazakhiwe phakathi komzi.

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba emqolombeni isixeko Bakla ngakumbi esetyenziswa yi amaByzantine njengoko inkampu of Christianity, hayi njengenqaba yasemkhosini. Kwi ngaphandle yasentshona isixeko ungabona iintsalela yecawe ubungakanani kakhulu umxhelo, yaye crypts ngohlobo quadrangles, leyo oqingqiweyo waya engxondorheni. Kuyabonakala ukuba, oko eMonastri. Emaweni iiseli ezikufutshane omise kunqunyulwa kwimijelo ephantsi elimxinwa. Neendonga oqingqiweyo yayigcinwa ngokuba izibane kunye luminaires.

Kukho kwakhona GROTTO ezindongeni abathwele amanani: iminqamlezo, amanani ukholo ezingcwele, iinqanawa silhouettes, intlanzi kunye neetempile. Ngaphezu kwesi sakhiwo ecaweni kukho ibandla elincinane kakhulu, sime kwinqwanqwa. Hayi kude, kancinane emazantsi lomlambo elincinane Cuba, lwafumaneka 1970, i necropolis (V -. Kwiinkulungwane IX). Ngexesha yokwemba, izazinzulu zahlola izakhiwo ngaphezulu kwama-800, njengokuba umthetho, i crypts. iingcali indalo bathi ukuya IV - XI eminyaka BC. e. I-museum Bakhchisaray ekhoyo kunye nezinto ezixabisekileyo. kuvezwa khona: isongo aseByzantium nebhanti bopha, bezisa izacholo, eqwalasele ikhonkco esifubeni, iqabele, namakhonkco, amacwecwe zeglasi kunye neseramikhi.

Ngokwahlukileyo Buckley, entilini, wafumana iintsalela ezinye iitempile abathathu. Mdala kubo yakhiwa kwi VIII - kwiinkulungwane IX. In X - XI eminyaka. kulo mhlaba kwabakho itempile cross-candelo. Ukuze imihla yethu ngaye Bagciniwe kuphela siyinxalenye yeyona owawukuDonga kunye iingceba kwinqugwala portal lohlobo lamaByzantine.

Cave city Bopha (eCrimea): indlela apho?

Ukusuka Simferopol ukuya kwilali Rocky likwaqhuba ibhasi yeshatile phakathi izitishi ze 'Western "kunye" Simferopol-Science ". Kubhaliwe ibekwe kumgama ozikilometa elinesibhozo. ixesha ezinika - malunga namashumi amabini imizuzu.

Namhlanje, abakhenkethi abaninzi banomdla Buckley (Cave City). Njani apha ngemoto, abaqhubi beemoto abaninzi banomdla. Kufuneka uye emendweni "Simferopol-Sevastopol 'uze uqhube ukuguqula isalathisi" Science ", Ekuveleni ecaleni kwilali Rocky.

Unako ukusebenzisa uloliwe yombane. Uthabatha ukuba i "yeposi" ikampu Simferopol. Ngenxa yoko, iikhilomitha ababini ukuhamba ngeenyawo ukuya Novopavlovka, kwaye bafumane ibhasi, ecaleni izikhululo "yenzululwazi".

ukuhlala phi?

Ekubeni endaweni ekufutshane isixeko emqolombeni - kwilali Rocky, yima kakhulu apha. Nangona kunjalo, akukho iihotele okanye neehostele, kodwa abahlali bayakuvuyela ukuba unganikisi kuwe ukuba ukuqesha igumbi. Iindleko zokuphila - 500-600 engange ngosuku.

Cycling has a Campsite e Trudolyubovka kunye ihotele "Skif" ku Novopavlovka. Apha izinga igumbi yahluka ukusuka 1100 ukuya 1800 engange.