Imvula eneasidi - imvula eneasidi ngu ...: izizathu. Ingxaki imvula eneasidi

imvula eneasidi ... Oku ibinzana kule mihla ubomi, ingakumbi ezidolophini iye yaba zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Rhoqo begadi isikhalazo ukuba emva ezinjalo izityalo imvula krakra baqala kubuna, kunye izadunge kuvela ukutyabeka ezimhlophe okanye elityheli.

Yintoni le

Science na impendulo ecacileyo umbuzo malunga yintoni na imvula eneasidi. Oku zonke ezaziwayo iintlobo kwezulu, ogama zolwelo (pH) isibonisi ngaphantsi kunesiqhelo. Ummiselo le-pH 7. Ukuba phando lubonisa nje siphantsi eli nani kule neetyuwa, ziyashukuxwa asidi. Kwimeko yokufumana amandla okuzimela ngalo lonke boom industrial asidi imvula, ikhephu, inkungu kunye nesichotho amakhulu amaxesha ngaphezulu kwe kumanqanaba eziqhelekileyo.

izizathu

Ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ulahle imvula eneasidi. Izizathu kulala ukukhutshwa enetyhefu kwizityalo mveliso, zeemoto imoto, ukuba isiXhosa kakhulu - kweli kuwohloka izinto zendalo. Emoyeni lisuke isalfure nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride kunye nezinye kusitsha fomu acid. Umphumela kuba imvula eneasidi.

Kukho imvula kunye nomxholo kwealkali. Bona qaphela ubukho ion calcium okanye ammonia. elithi "imvula eneasidi" sibe esiza kuye. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukungena emanzini, okanye emhlabeni, loo kwemvula kuchaphazela ukutshintsha eseleyo yamanzi-base.

Yintoni ebangela imvula asidi

Akukho igcwala ezilungileyo Okusingqongileyo kwendalo, Kakade ke, iBhayibhile ithetha. imvula acid Extremely yingozi. Izinto ezibangela ukufa nezityalo ngenxa yokuphulukana kwezulu bubuxoki into yokuba ilizwe asidi ukuba leached izinto ezininzi luncedo, ukongeza, kukho ungcoliseko kunye zesinyithi eziyingozi: aluminiyamu, Yisa kunye nabanye. neetyuwa ezingcolisekileyo abe ngunobangela kuguquka kunye nokufa nentlanzi amachibi, uphuhliso okungaqhelekanga kwezityalo emilanjeni kunye namachibi. Indawo njengesiqhelo, nayo iba nefuthe elibi: ubukhulu becala igalelo kokutshatyalaliswa ngeo zendalo, ube unobangela okukhawulezileyo umhlwa izakhiwo yesinyithi.

Emva kokuhlolisisa iimpawu oqhelekileyo lo mhlola esesibhakabhakeni, sinokugqiba ukuba ingxaki lemvula acid yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo xa uthathela ingqalelo okusingqongileyo ngayo.

uphando lwezenzululwazi

Kubalulekile ukubacacisela ukuba inkqubo umchiza longcoliseko wendalo. imvula eneasidi - unobangela ukuphazamiseka ezininzi kokusingqongileyo. Lanikwa yayidodobala onjalo kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX, xa yemichiza R. Smith of Great Britain kutyhilwa kunyuka elingumsi izinto eyingozi, ezo kakhulu iikhemikhali ukutshintsha ipateni imvula. Ukongeza, imvula eneasidi - into leyo ibandakanya indawo enkulu, nokuba loo nto ibibangela ungcoliso. Le sisazinzulu esaziwayo nentshabalalo kuqulathe neetyuwa zingcoliswe: izifo zezityalo, ilahleko umbala laphu, nokukhawulezisa ukusasazeka irusi kunye nabanye.

Iingcali ngakumbi efanele nokuzimisela ukuba iimvula acid ezinjalo. Ngenxa enyanisweni ikhephu, inkungu, ngamafu kunye nesichotho. Dry yokunqongophala kwemvula ukufuma komoya iwela negesi nothuli.

ifuthe Anthropogenic on nature

Ukubhubha ichibi, kunciphise inani kwezixa zeentlanzi, amahlathi zinyamalale - zonke ezi imiphumo ebuhlungu ngenxa igcwala zendalo. Imihlaba emahlathini azivumelani inengxaki yokuziphulaphula Ukuba muncu, njengoko emachibini, kodwa ngenxa yeenguqu iasidi izityalo ezimbi kakhulu. Like kutshizwe neetyuwa eziyingozi basongela amagqabi neenaliti pine, zemithi buzane zingene umhlaba. Le uhlaza ufumana ukutsha indalo imichiza, ngokuthe ngcembe buthathaka kunye nokulahlekelwa ubuchule ukuze asinde. Umhlaba ulahlekelwa wenzala kuwanelisa nesiko elikhulayo iikhompawundi ezinetyhefu.

izibonelelo zebhayoloji

Olunye uhlolisiso amachibi eJamani, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kwamachibi apho izinga amanzi siphambukile kakhulu kwisiqhelo, intlanzi wanyamalala. Kuphela kwiimeko ekwanti ezimbalwa amachibi ayabanjwa.

umlando

Anihlasele izidalwa, zibonakala yabantu bahlupheke imvula eneasidi. Acropolis Ancient, ibekwe Greece, owaziwa emhlabeni ukuze imisele zayo ezinamandla eqingqiweyo ezenziwe ibhastile. Century angawaconganga awasemvelweni izinto zendalo: uhlobo amanene kutshatyalaliswa umoya nemvula, imvula eneasidi siphindi siqinise nangakumbi le nkqubo. Ukubuyisela yobuciko yembali ngcungela mihla akazange athathe amanyathelo okukhusela unxulumano metal nxamnye irusi. Umphumo waba kukuba imvula eneasidi, oxide intsimbi, abe iintanda kukho isizathu ezinkulu eqingqiweyo, naziiperile ukuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo nomhlwa.

ezikhumbuzo zenkcubeko

IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo liqalise ukufunda isiphumo imvula eneasidi kumafa enkcubeko. Ekuhambeni ezi sele kubonakele impembelelo engalunganga yintshukumo imvula phezu ezintle iifestile iglasi nebala kwizixeko Western yaseYurophu. Amawaka anemibala emngciphekweni ukutshona zisabonakala. Kufuneka ukukholisa abantu zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kuba amandla aso oluyintsusa, kodwa kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo, ubone imvula eneasidi, basabisa kutshabalalisa Imizobo nebala-glass yinzwakazi. Uthuli, isalfure ifumile, bonakalisa kwakudala ngesikhumba nephepha. imveliso yaMandulo phantsi kwempembelelo sulphur dioxide banokulahlekelwa kukuba nako kwabo ukumelana yemozulu, kuba ethe-ethe kwaye ivuthu- eluthulini kungekudala.

ecocatastrophe

imvula acid - oku kuyingxaki enkulu ukuze ukhuseleke uluntu. Ngelishwa, izinto ezenzeka kubomi banamhlanje ifuna ukwanda manyundululu kwemveliso yoshishino, nto leyo eyandisa ubungakanani zinetyhefu ezikhutshwayo emoyeni. Ihlabathi ukunyuka kwenani labemi, umgangatho zokuphakama eziphilileyo, iimoto baba ngakumbi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla lugqithe ngaphaya umda. Kulo mzekelo kuphela TPP ka Russian Federation kunyaka ngamnye ukungcolisa million tons acetic equlethe nesalfure.

imvula acid kunye mngxuma ozone

Ozone hole ayikho ngaphantsi eziqhelekileyo zibangele inkxalabo kakhulu. Echaza umongo kule meko, kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba oku a real umsantsa imvulophu esesibhakabhakeni, nokunyhashwa Ebubanzini-ozone, nto leyo isendaweni ngo-8-15 km ukusuka komHlaba stratosphere kwaye xhaxhe ku-50 km. ozone Cluster kakhulu ethintela yingozi ultraviolet radiation kwelanga, akhusele umhlaba kwimitha elinamandla. Kungenxa yoko le nto umngxuma ozone kunye nemvula asidi - bahlaselwa ubomi obuqhelekileyo le planethi, efuna ingqalelo ungxamisekileyo.

Ingqibelelo-ozone

Ukuqala zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, uzibandakanya uluhlu lwezinto zabantu chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). peculiarity yabo uzinzo ezizodwa, ukunqongophala ivumba, Ukungabinakutsha, akukho isiphumo ityhefu. CFC laya ngokubanzi kuphunyezwa ekuvelisweni kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo Ukupholisa (ukusuka iimoto izibonelelo zonyango), zokucima umlilo, iinjongo zasekhaya zetoti.

Kuphela ekupheleni kwesiqingatha sesibini ekhemisi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini Sherwood Rowland no Mario Molina, kwacetyiswa ukuba ubuncwane ummangaliso, nelaziwa ngokuba Freon, elinamandla kwi-ozone. Kulo mzekelo, i-CFC unako 'hambisa' emoyeni eminyaka. Ngcembe ukuvuka ukusuka emhlabeni, bafike stratosphere apho imitha yelanga utshabalalisa iikhompawundi Freon ukukhupha atom chlorine. Ngenxa yale nkqubo, ozone iguqulelwa mpilo kakhulu ngokukhawuleza kunokuba phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusingqongileyo.

Eyoyikekayo ukuba zonke iiyunithi kufuneka ukuba ukuguqula athom iklorin amakhulu amawaka iimolekyuli ozone. Ukongeza, ii-CFC zithathwa ngeegesi ukudala ifuthe gases kwaye inxaxheba kwinkqubo yobushushu bomhlaba. Kuyinto elungileyo ukongeza ukuba igalelo kokutshatyalaliswa-ozone kwaye unegalelo ngokwemvelo. Ngenxa yoko, iigesi mlilo anokuqulatha ukuya nekhulu iikhompawundi, kuquka hydrocarbon. Ii-CFC Natural igalelo thinning of umaleko esebenzayo ozone aqulethe phezu izibonda kulo mhlaba.

Yintoni enokwenziwa?

Nokuhlanganisa ingozi imvula eneasidi, awungeni ndawo. Ngoku kwi-ajenda kuzo zonke zikarhulumente, kuzo zonke izityalo mveliso kuqala kufuneka kubekho amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukusulungeka zezulu voice.

Xa izityalo ezinkulu Rossi kaThixo, ezifana "RUSAL", waba indlela onoxanduva kakhulu lo mba kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Abayi nanceba izixhobo ufakelo okucoca mihla ethembekileyo kunye nezibonelelo zokucoca ukuthintela ukungena le oxides emoyeni kunye nesinyithi enzima.

Bathi ke liya kusetyenziswa iindlela ezizezinye ukufumana amandla ngaphandle esizakukhokelela nemiphumo eyingozi. Umoya kunye namandla elanga (umzekelo, ekhaya kunye nemoto) - oko akusekho njengephupha, kodwa wabanjwa yimpumelelo inceda ukwehlisa imali ezikhutshwayo eziyingozi.

Ukwandiswa yamahlathi ndatyala, ukucocwa imilambo namachibi, processing echanekileyo izibi - zonke iindlela ezisebenzayo ekulweni ungcoliseko.