Ukungcola ezingcolisayo

Uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kunye noqoqosho kunye, njengoko umthetho, ukwandisa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Uninzi imizi emikhulu luphawulwa enamandla ebonakalayo izibonelelo kwezemveliso kwintsimi encinane kakhulu, nto leyo eyingozi empilweni yoluntu.

Omnye wemiba zokusingqongileyo banayo nefuthe kakhulu iqapheleka impilo yabantu umgangatho womoya. A ngozi okwangoku zimele ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba toxicants ufake umzimba womntu ingakumbi iphecana sokuphefumla.

ezikhutshwayo Air: imithombo

Ukwahlula phakathi imithombo yendalo anthropogenic zizingcolisi engena umoya. Nezingcoliso eziziintloko eziqulathe ezikhutshwayo ezivela kwimithombo yendalo siluthuli engaphandle, imvelaphi mlilo kunye nemifuno, iigesi kunye nomsi okubangelwa ehlathini kunye nemililo emathafeni, kobutyobo kunye yemozulu amatye nemihlaba njalo njalo.

izinga longcoliseko lomoya evela kwimithombo yemvelo unobumba yangasemva. Yokuba utshintsho ezincinane ngokwaneleyo kunye nexesha. Eyona mithombo iphambili yengeniso waya izingcolisi zomoya kwi langoku sigaba zezi eyenziwe ngumntu - oko kukuthi, ushishino (amashishini ahlukeneyo), ezolimo kunye nezithuthi.

Ezikhutshwayo ezivela emoyeni

I 'ababoneleli' inkulu ezingcolisayo ezahlukeneyo emoyeni ke iinkampani metallurgical namandla, ishishini lwekhemikhali, ishishini lokwakha, ubunjineli ngoomatshini.

Kwinkqubo amafutha yokutsha izakhiwo amandla iintlobo ezahlukeneyo emoyeni, isixa esikhulu sulphur dioxide, icarbon kunye nitrogen oxides, carbon emnyama. Kwakhona, ezikhutshwayo (kancinci) kunika iqela kwezinye izinto, xa hydrocarbon ethile.

Eyona mithombo iphambili sukube kunye ezikhutshwayo kwamaqondo eparticulate kwimveliso metallurgical -. Ufakelo eyahlulayo neziko onyibilikayo, pickling ukungcola umatshini sinter izixhobo drobilnorazmolnoe, kulayishwa kunye nokothula materials, njl Umlinganiselo inkulu ubuninzi obupheleleyo kwezinto ekhutshelwa kwi-atmosfera kunye carbon monoxide, uthuli, sulphur acetic, -nitric oxide. Xa mali noko encinane betekisi manganese, iarseniki, ilothe, phosphorus, nesigidi njalo njalo. Kwakhona, kwinkqubo ezikhutshwayo steelmaking ziquka umxube umphunga-gas. Bathi ziqulathe phenol, benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia kunye nezinye izinto eziliqela eyingozi.

nemisi enobungozi evela amashishini kushishino kwemichiza, nangona imiqulu ezincinane, ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo kunye oluntu, njengoko ebonakala yetyhefu aphezulu, ingqondo kunye neyantlukwano omkhulu. umoya engenayo kule mxube ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo imveliso wakhiwe oxides sulphur, organic compounds, iikhompawundi fluorine, iigesi oxide, okuqinileyo, iikhompawundi ikhlorini, emanzini njalo njalo.

Xa imveliso zokwakha kunye nemisi zesamente ziqulathe ubeka imali ebonakalayo ezahlukeneyo uthuli. Iinkqubo zolawulo ezisisiseko zobugcisa ezikhokelela nokudaleka, ukuba besila, obrabatyvaniya mix izinto, intermediates kunye nemveliso kumsinga zegesi ezishushu njalo njalo. Around izityalo ezivelisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zokwakha unako kuyilwa zone ukungcoliseka radius ukuya ku-2000 m. Bona luphawulwa enamandla eliphezulu uthuli esibhakabhakeni, elibandakanya amasuntswana of gypsum, isamente, zwi, kwakunye nezinye ezingcolisayo.

ezikhutshwayo ezivela iimoto

Kwizixeko ezikhulu, isixa esikhulu ukungcola e emoyeni uvela izithuthi. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukeneyo, bona akhawunti 80 ukuya 95%. Ezi gesi exhaust kubandakanya inani elikhulu iikhompawundi ezinobungozi ezifana nitrogen kunye carbon oxides, aldehydes, hydrocarbon, njalo njalo. (Iikhompawundi Malunga 200).

Bokukhutshwa kakhulu kuvandlakanywa kwiindawo imiqondiso yezithuthi, kunye nakumbindi indawo apho iimoto ihamba ngesantya ephantsi esigangeni. Ukubalwa ezikhutshwayo emoyeni ibonisa ukuba iinkalo eziphambili zeemoto kulo mzekelo zezi carbon monoxide kunye hydrocarbon.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa kwimithombo zokubhala, ukusebenza izithuthi negalelo ungcoliseko lomoya ezitalatweni lweedolophu ukuphakama entloko. Ngenxa yoko iziphumo ezinobungozi ezingcolisa indalo zixhomekeke ngeenyawo, abahlali ezindlwini ingabekwa endleleni, batyala izityalo zomthonyama kwiindawo ezingqonge.

ezolimo

Lokukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ubukhulu becala ziziphumo imisebenzi kweefama imfuyo kwiifama zeenkukhu. Ukuphuculwa eziqulathe iinkukhu kunye neenkomo, umoya wondla emanzini, ammonia kunye nezinye iigesi leyo ukusasaza kwimigama ebalulekileyo. imbewu Kwakhona toxicants eziyingozi emoyeni ngenxa kwiifama ezilinyiweyo xa ukutshiza zinambuzane nezichumiso emasimini, ukuphathwa izitora, njl

eminye imithombo

Ngaphandle imithombo ngasentla, yokukhupha umoya zizingcolisi eziveliswe oyile negesi izityalo processing. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba zemigodi izimbiwa izinto kunye nokulungiswa, phezu ejection igesi kunye uthuli komhlaba emigodini, uvutha rocks ngeemfumba, ngexesha lokusebenza lwe kwesitovu , njalo-njalo. D.

Impembelelo abantu

Ngokutsho imithombo eyahlukeneyo, kukho unxulumano ngqo phakathi ungcoliseko lomoya kunye nenani izifo. Umzekelo, ixesha ukuhamba ngezifo zemiphunga ebantwaneni, abahlala kwiindawo angcole kakhulu, ngamaxesha 2-2.5 ngaphezu kwezo ezihlala kwezinye iindawo.

Ukongeza, emizini, waphawulwa ngenxa yeemeko engentle yokusingqongileyo, abantwana iphawulwe ukungaqheleki ezisebenzayo kwi kwamajoni omzimba kwaye ukuyilwa negazi, ukophulwa neendlela zembuyekezo-olulungisiweyo ukuya iimeko zokusingqongileyo. izifundo abaninzi nabo wafumana unxulumano phakathi ungcoliseko lomoya kunye lokufa kwabantu.

Amacandelo aphambili ezikhutshwayo engena umoya ovela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo imisiwe mba, oxides zenitrogen, carbon nesalfure. Batyhilelwa ukuba izowuni exceedance ka NO ₂ CO yokugubungela 90% lweendawo zasezidolophini. La macandelo ezikhutshwayo macro kunokubangela izifo kakhulu. Ukuqhubeka ezi ezingcolisa kubangela umonakalo inwebu yangaphakathi kunye iphecana eliphezulu zokuphefumla, uphuhliso yesifo semiphunga. Ngaphezu koko, ophezulu lamanani SO ₂ kunokubangela utshintsho sisiba mandundu kwi kidney, isibindi nentliziyo, kwaye KUNGEKHO ₂ -. Toxicosis, mgaqweni iziphene, ukusilela intliziyo, enokuphazamisa imithambo-luvo, njl Ezinye izifundo ibonisa ukuzalana phakathi kweziganeko umhlaza wemiphunga lamanani SO ₂ NO ₂ emoyeni.

iziphumo

ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo kunye, ingakumbi, emoyeni, lineziphumo ezibi kwimpilo akakho kuphela kodwa izizukulwana ezizayo. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ngokukhuselekileyo sithi ukuba uphuhliso yamanyathelo ejolise ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni - enye njengezona nkalo zitshisa ibunzi imiba namhlanje uluntu.