Artists Kukryniksy: Ukwakhiwa kunye ngobomi ezihlangeneyo, imifanekiso

Artist lombutho Kukryniksy ezanyulwa-imi- 30-40 lwekhulu XX ngemisebenzi yakhe satirical, namhlanje phantse ezingaziwayo kwizizukulwana ezintsha. Amagcisa siyidlalile indima ebalulekileyo inkcubeko kunye nezopolitiko eSoviet Union.

VHUTEMAS - imihlangano

Higher Artistic and Technical Workshops, wadala ngo-1920 kwaye aziwa ehlabathini lonke njengoko VHUTEMAS, ikhuphe inani elikhulu abayili kunye Amagcisa zibe nempembelelo ebalulekileyo nje kuphela inkcubeko eSoviet, kodwa washiya uphawu kwihlabathi ya wena.

Ngokukodwa, siqalile indlela Kukryniksy amagcisa abafika apha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa injongo enye - ukuba bafunde ukudala ubuhle. UMikhail Kupriyanov, Porfiry Krylov badibana ngo-1922 xa besebenza ekuveliseni zeendaba VKhUTEMAS "Arapotdel". Kukusayina umsebenzi wabo kunye nokunciphisa Kukri Krykup. Kamva ke kwangena umfundi rookie UNikolai Sokolov, awayisayinayo elide umsebenzi wakhe nje Knicks. Ngoko kwakukho odumileyo artist Kukryniksy. Abafundi zimanyene nje uthando zobugcisa, kodwa ke imbonakalo jikelele. element wabo bahleke, ukuba iliso unqwenela ukuba imivalo ahlekisayo kwi ubunyani ejikelezileyo, yaye yaba indawo yabo yokuqala kwentsebenziswano.

wangxamela Commonwealth

Kukryniksy amagcisa - zesiganeko ekhethekileyo kwinkcubeko ehlabathini. umsebenzi ngaxeshanye kwi imisebenzi efunekayo ukuba nolwalamano olusenyongweni kunye kufuphi iimbono. Kokuba bamanyane yi neqonga ubugcisa - Bafuna ukuva funny wayibeka amanani. A indima enkulu zokusekwa kwe-Commonwealth wayedlala Mayakovsky, ke kuthwelwe izicamango zabo neyethu. "Uvuthondaba Growth Windows" wakhe waba eyunivesithi ngokwenene cartoonists. Le mbongi, kakhulu, wakhankanya iqela umdla wabuza kubo ukuba likhuphe ingxelo "bug", yaye kamva baya kudala uthotho imizobo kule mveliso. Kulo msebenzi acacisa iimpawu ndlela abo, bawurholela Mayakovsky isibindi, ukuchaneka Ukuhambisana.

Iqela biography ezinxulumene kunye nokudalwa zesiganeko eyodwa kubugcisa bezinto ezibonakalayo, kwathiwa ngokuba "uvuthondaba positive". Owesibini umntu, badlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni Kukryniksy saba krakra. Akazange nje kwabanceda ukuba ukufumana umsebenzi, kodwa bafundisa umendo olungileyo eceleni. Yaba nguye lowo wakhuthaza umdla wabo kwezopolitiko, yaye wancedisa ukuqonda umgca iqela le. Umsebenzi steel iphambili satirical zabo bokwenyaniso - yokucukucezwa ahlabayo. Kuba amashumi eminyaka, ukususela 20 ephakathi ukuya 90 emva kwexesha, amagcisa babengabahlobo abasenyongweni, kwaye ivumela ukuba basebenze kunye.

indlela Artistic Kukryniksy

Kukryniksy amagcisa bakwazi ukuyila ngendlela eyodwa ukusebenza kwiphetshana. Amaqela Creative khona phambi kwabo, kodwa abo apho bonke abantu bokuyila zicinywe egameni le "I" adibeneyo igcisa, ayizange yenzeke. Basebenza ukuze isakhono umakhi ngamnye kakhulu eziqulethwe kwimveliso yokugqibela. Ngenxa union athandana kwavela uhlobo selo amagcisa satirical abaqaphela kakhulu ngokupheleleyo iiphowusta kunye neekhathuni, kodwa umahluko kwi canvases. Babesebenza kwiphetshana ngexesha, umzobo wahamba isangqa, ngamnye kubo weza bemchukumisa zabo kuyo, uze ufumane imveliso ehlangeneyo.

Kukryniksy njalo ngqo imigaqo ezimbini: uhlanga nomoya iqela le. Baqonda ezobugcisa nenkonzo looMawokhulu kunye mood yobuqhawe ixesha le-20, ukuba lihanjiswa kulo lonke ubomi yakhe yokudala.

Intuthuko ngeendlela zobuchule

Kukryniksy waqala ukusebenza kunye woopopayi kwi kwiphephandaba eludongeni odumileyo "Arapotdel" leyo kakhulu bamhleka ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye formalist, ukunyanzelisa umgca iqela le. Ukususela ngowe-1924, baye zizibandakanye imifanekiso imisebenzi zoncwadi. Bona wazekelisa ababhali abaselula kunye ukuphuhlisa uhlobo ezifana ukugxekwa representational. Esiye Gorky yabhekisela illustrators engaqhelekanga kwaye akugcine ukuba bazobe imixholo ezibanzi ubuchule ubomi, hayi nje kuphela kweli ncwadi. Ekupheleni kwale 20 cartoons Kukryniksy ziprintwe kuzo zonke iijenali boncwadi, baye beza kunye ababhali abaninzi. Bona lwalusenza ukonakala zoncwadi: nesithukuthezi, ububhanxa, zokugcina. Kwaye namhlanje, abaninzi cartoons babo baye balahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwabo.

Ukususela ngo-1925, iqela eli sokubambisana kunye namajelo eendaba Soviet, ndivakalisa apho caricatures abuhlungu ezimbi zentlalo. Ngokuthe ngcembe udaba lwabo olukhulayo, yaye wonke umfundi, evula iphephandaba, kuqala wafuna imizobo. Ngeli xesha, egqibelele ubuchule babo, elungileyo ingakumbi imizobo yabo ngainki sharzhevaya, ubonelelo abuhlungu kutsalela Nedlac yayo ngenxa yendimbane sharpness eSoviet. series ezifana "Transport 'kwiphephandaba" PRAVDA ", wabazisa igama kakhulu. Baba ingundaba kwexesha.

Kwiminyaka eyandulela Kukryniksy ukufumana bephantsi uhlobo entsha - iipowusta ezopolitiko. Ngexesha lemfazwe, waba isixhobo yokwenene nxamnye notshaba. iipowusta Kukryniksy ezinceda abantu eSoviet Union kwi maxesha anzima, waba isixhobo esinamandla ezizinzululwazi ngamandla. iposta yabo "kuzityumza mercilessly ndiwatshabalalise utshaba!" Uvele kwizitrato lizwe ngoJuni 1941. Baya bakhonza lokhokho wemka, walityhutyha imfazwe lonke kunye namajoni kwi ngohlobo iiphowusta kunye amaphetshana. Kwakhona babesebenza kule projekthi "TASS Windows", leyo ngokohlobo iphowusta zayisithelisa iindaba ndizigcinile isimo salo uhlanga. Emva kwemfazwe baye wavunywa ukuba izilingo Nuremberg babathwalela ngaphandle ingxelo ukubhuqa. Kukryniksy babe ezakudala bokwenyaniso le khathuni Soviet, ukuba ababesaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, wafumana iimbasa ezininzi zobungcali.

Indawo yesithathu basebenza apho Kukryniksy kwaba ukupeyinta. Bona zaveza imifanekiso uhlobo, eni, imizobo kwimixholo zembali, ebeka isiseko indlela entsha art - ngokoqobo yobusoshiyali. Ngexesha ukuvuselelwa lizwe Kukryniksy ukusebenza ezininzi esendimbaneni, imizobo incwadi, imifanekiso yepeyinti. Xa 60s, aya kubangela ukuba inani elikhulu imizekeliso ukuze ezakudala Russian. Ukongeza, igcisa ngalinye kudala ezabo. Xa 80-90s ngenxa amagcisa yobudala babo asebenza ngaphantsi, kodwa union zabo zokuyila iye ayohlulwanga de kwasekupheleni kobomi.

umsebenzi obaluleke Kukryniksy

Amagcisa Kukryniksy ziye nemveliso kakhulu, kuba phantsi ipensile zabo ibrashi washiya imisebenzi emininzi emangalisayo. Eyona langutana baba: uthotho eni satirical "The Face lotshaba", ekuhlanganiseni amathuba ezibonisa iphowusta kunye bepeyinta ngoM, a triptych "ezindala", umfanekiso nokuqokelelwa imisebenzi Gogol kunye nemisebenzi Gorky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ilf kunye Petrov, kwakunye iipowusta ezininzi kule minyaka yemfazwe. Le yokugqibela kuquka "uwaphule Museum", "isicwangciso okusingqongileyo kunye kuthinjwe eMoscow", "ukubuyisela okuhle ifanelwe kwenye", kwakunye ne imizobo of "Tanya", "i-Flight baseJamani evela Novgorod", "Ukuphela."

Imiboniso kunye namagugu Kukryniksy

Ngowe-1932, lo mboniso yokuqala Kukryniksy, ahlelwe Mxim Gorky. Kube sele thaca kwimizobo ikhathuni, ukupeyinta, incwadi zezopolitiko zasekhaya. Ngowe-1952, kwabanjwa umboniso enkulu kwi-Academy of Arts waseUSSR, leyo kakhulu yaye ngokupheleleyo zimelwe Kukryniksy ubuchule, kwakunye stand-alone imisebenzi amagcisa akwi uMbutho. Ngowe-2008, oko kubanjwe umboniso emva Kukryniksy.

Cartoonists, ogama lemveli kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo imbali karhulumente yiSoviet, uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wafumana le mbasa iphezulu karhulumente kunye amabhaso. Umsebenzi wabo igcinwa kwi iimyuziyam inkulu eRashiya.

indlela Creative uMikhail Kupriyanov

UMikhail Kupriyanov wazalelwa kwidolophu encinane iVolga Tetyushi. Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni wayekuthanda ukuzoba, mna e Tashkent e Central Art Studios, apho waye wathunyelwa kuhambo kulutsha. Kuba impumelelo ebalaseleyo esikolweni, yena wathunyelwa ukufunda eMoscow e VHUTEMAS, apho waba lilungu Kukryniksy.

ubomi Independent creative Kupriyanov liye laqulunqa ngempumelelo, waqonda yena abe opeyintayo. Wayithanda uhlobo landscape. Namhlanje, eyaziwa ngokuba uthotho yakhe mizobo kunye izimvo eLeningrad, uLwandle lweCaspian kunye namadlelo ayo.

Wathi akugqiba umsebenzi wakhe ngo-1991.

Artist Porfiry Krylov

Ilungu lesibini kuluntu Kukryniksy - Porfiry Krylov wazalwa e Tula. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, wabonisa nobuciko, wafunda Art Studio, ngoko wangena VHUTEMAS. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi Kukryniksy, wasebenza nje opeyintayo, wayepeyinta ekumeni, ubume, kusekho lifes. imisebenzi zakhe kule ingqokelela yeemyuziyam ezininzi ehlabathini. bakhe nendlu-myuziyam yavulwa Tula.

Abomvu Nikitich wafa ngo-1990.

biography Creative of UNikolai Sokolov

Muscovite UNikolai Sokolov wafunda studio lobugcisa of Proletkult, emva koko wangena VHUTEMAS waza waba lilungu yesithathu Kukryniksy. Sokolov kwabanjwa njenge opeyintayo abanetalente. uhlobo ozithandayo lakhe landscape lyrical. umsebenzi wakhe 'iindawo Lermontov kaThixo "," Abramtsevo "," Sangokuhlwa kwi iVolga "kunye nabanye zigcinwa kwi iimyuziyam kakuhle eRashiya.

UNikolay Sokolov wafa ngo-2000.