Imizimba fungi akhiwa ntoni? iimpawu noshowo umzimba ngundo

Ubukumkani nomngundo iquka iintlobo ezininzi. fungi Lower bangamalungu iintsholongwane. Bona umntu yabo ngaphandle ukuba kuphela ngemicroscope okanye ukutya oniwe. fungi Higher babe isakhiwo ezimbaxa kunye nobukhulu enkulu. Bayakwazi ukukhula kumhlaba kunye komboko zemithi, ithole apho kukho ukufikelela izinto zemvelo. umzimba nomngundo kwakhiwa zingcakacile, esinzulu enye ecaleni kwenye hyphae. Ezi eziphilayo sasidla ukuqokelela engobozini, behamba emahlathini.

fungi aphezulu - agaricales

Mhlawumbi wonke umntu kuyingcamango oluchanileyo elikhangeleka ngathi mushroom eqhelekileyo. Wonke umntu uyazi apho baza kukhula kwaye nini na apho bafumaneka khona. Kodwa enyanisweni akunjalo ilula kangaka kunye nabameli zobukumkani zomngundo. Baya kwahluka enye kwenye ifomu kunye nesakhiwo. Body fungi hyphae kwasekwa plexus. Uninzi iintlobo kwazi unyawo kunye umnqwazi, nto leyo ke zipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukileyo. Phantse zonke amakhowa ukuba umntu utya, ekuthethwe agaricales umyalelo. Eli qela libandakanya iintlobo ezifana amakhowa, nesibili, amakhowa, chanterelles, amakhowa, emhlophe, volnushki njalo. Phambili. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukufunda isakhiwo ezi fungi ngakumbi.

Isakhiwo jikelele fungi eziphezulu

umzimba mushroom kwakhiwa ephothiweyo iiseli ezinkulu multinucleated - hyphae ezakha plektenhimu. Abameli pileate kakhulu agaricales yahlulwe ngokucacileyo ibe umnqwazi ngeenxa ezimilise unyawo. isakhiwo yangaphandle nazo ezinye iintlobo ngoweqela afilloforovye kunye morels. Noko ke, phakathi agaricales kukho ukuxolelwa. Olunye uhlobo, Umlenze inokuba icala okanye angekhoyo ngokupheleleyo. Kunye Gasteromycetes umzimba fungi kwakheka ukuze lwabiwo akukho elibhaqiweyo, yaye akukho chap. Ba ezinabileyo, clavate, imilo ungqukuva okanye uhlobo nkwenkwezi.

Hat ukhusela isikhumba, siphantsi apho umaleko ido-. Yena usenokuba umbala eliqaqambileyo ivumba. Zomlenze okanye isiphunzi ehlonyelwe zeendawana. Oku kuba umhlaba, a ophilileyo umthi okanye isilwanyana isidumbu. Isiphunzi, ngokuqhelekileyo zamahlathi, likumyinge kuyahlukana nedlela iintlobo. Kunokuba zibe mpuluswa, enamaxolo, velvety.

fungi Higher zizalana ngokwesondo asexually. Uninzi iifom sikuyo. Umzimba kwezityalo le ngundo kuthiwa mycelium. It iqulathe ezingcakacileyo eyayizalwa hyphae. GIFA - yayolulekele obenosinga oye ukukhula apical. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ushiye, kwimeko enjalo, loo mycelium elakhiwe ngekhaya elinye multinuclear omkhulu, iiseli kakhulu branched. umzimba kwezityalo of fungi bakwazi ukuphuhlisa nje kuphela emhlabeni mbandela olutyebileyo lweziphili, kodwa umthi wabaphilayo komboko kwabafileyo, phezu ezibolayo, iingcambu, yaye ngaphantsi kakhulu ematyholweni.

Ubume umzimba fruiting le pileate ngundo

imizimba Fruiting of ezininzi agaricales myagkomyasistye kwaye iindaba zimnandi. Xa wenqaba, bakholisa ukubola. Ithuba ubomi babo lincinane kakhulu. Ezinye amakhowa kunye imbonakalo yomhlaba kwaye kwisigaba sokugqibela nophuhliso ingathatha iiyure nje ezimbalwa, ngamanye amaxesha ihlala iintsuku ezimbalwa.

Sporocarp iquka ikepusi kunye neentungo liphakathi. Maxa wambi, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, le isikhondo ilahlekelwa. Iminqwazi kufika zeesayizi ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka milimitha ezimbalwa ukuya amashumi cm. Ukubethwa ehlathini, ungabona njani ukusuka emhlabeni ngemilenze neyi ubuncwane bakhula Amakhowa encinane umnqwazi ubungakanani nangomnwe iphedi kancinane. Yaye ecaleni kwabo ungahlala enzima mushroom omkhulu. umnqwazi wayo yandise ku-30 cm, kunye Isiqu obukhulu nzima. Ezi ubungakanani encomekayo liyi ngundo emhlophe neenkowane.

Le fomu kwakhona iminqwazi ezahlukeneyo. Bekela bucala cushionlike, hemispherical, atshabalalisa, intsimbi-ezimilise, nengenisa ezimilise, kunye ngohlangothi egosogoso ezantsi okanye phezulu. Amaninzi ngexesha ubomi elifutshane ngundo ngokutshintsha imilo izihlandlo eziliqela cap.

Ubume mushroom CAPS ukuze agaricales

Cap nje umzimba nomngundo hyphae kwakheka. On top of beneengubo zabo ashinyeneyo le Ulobuza. Kwakhona iquka yayisoma of hyphae. umsebenzi wabo kukukhusela inyama yangaphakathi ukusuka ukulahleka kokufuma ebalulekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela livimbela udiliza iyoma. Kokuba zipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo ngundo kunye ubudala yayo. Kwezinye Ixolo emhlophe, abanye-orenji eqaqambileyo, ebomvu okanye mdaka. Kunokuba ezomileyo okanye, kungenjalo, Bathiwe wambu yencindi zamafu. indawo yayo anencasa enamaxolo, velvety okanye amade. Olunye uhlobo, njenge-oyile, isikhumba kulula ukususa ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye apha volnushek syroezhek uwe kuphela kwi buthelezi. Kwiintlobo ezininzi, yaye akukho kususwe kwaye ngokuqinileyo eqhagamshelwe yintlama, nto leyo iqhele ngaphantsi.

Phantsi kakhulu eluswini, ngoko fruiting umzimba ngundo yintlama kwakhiwa - ilaphu engenazintsholongwane sakhiwe hyphae plexus. Oku kwahlukile mninzi. Inyama evakalala kwezinye iintlobo, abanye ezinzima. Kungaba krobo. Le yinxalenye iintlobo Umngundo livumba ethile. Kunokuba mnandi okanye Nutty. Ivumba inyama ezinye iintlobo pepper elitsarhayo okanye krakra, kuyenzeka ukuba redechnym nkqu touch begalikhi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkoliso iindidi inyama ngaphantsi kwesikhumba cap ukukhanya umbala: omhlophe, njengamasi, sinombala okanye oluhlaza. Ziintoni iimpawu noshowo umzimba ngundo kule ndawo? Ezinye iintlobo endaweni ezinjengokwaphuka umbala ekuhambeni kwexesha kuhlala kunjalo, ngelixa abanye kombala utshintsho bulula. Ezi nguqu zicacisiwe yi oxidative iinkqubo nedayi. Umzekelo iphawulekayo yale ziyenzeka Boletus. Ukuba wenza ukunciphisa umzimba wayo iziqhamo, le ndawo ukuba mnyama ngokukhawuleza. iinkqubo ezifanayo kwenzeka Mokhovikov nemivumbo.

Xa Ipete kwiintlobo ezifana volnushki, mushroom ubisi nesafron, uye hyphae okhethekileyo. iindonga zawo eqinileyo. Zibizwa omzimba njengamasi kwaye ezaliswe ulwelo ezingenambala okanye umbala - incindi.

Hymenium - umaleko ochumileyo

Sporocarp kwakhiwa ido-, ngu elo ngqo phantsi cap umaleko echumayo - hymenium. Oku uthotho zeeseli ezincinane ibihlungu-yakheka - basidia. Inani elikhulu agaricales hymenium luvulelekile ukuba Hymenophore. Ezi tab ezikhethekileyo ibekwe ngaphantsi eqokobheni.

Hymenophore kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo mushroom na isakhiwo eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo, lisichkovyh kubhaliwe thaca kwi ifomu ezibayeni branched zamafu eziza phantsi umlenze. Kwaye apha Hymenophore ubobo - ngohlobo ameva nkum ezahlulwa lula. Xa fungi tubular kwakhiwa iityhubhu, yaye kwipleyiti, ngokulandelelana, ipleyiti. Hymenophore ukuze mahala (ukuba ngaba ukufikelela imilenze) okanye kunyango (ukuba edidekile ngokuqinileyo kuyo). Hymenium eziyimfuneko ukuze sizale. Ukususela mbewu sithwele, kwasekwa iqumrhu elitsha kwezityalo ze ngulo mngundo.

imingxunya

Ubume umzimba fruiting le pileate ngundo ezingantsonkothanga. Imbewu yayo ukuthuthukisa iiseli abathwala iziqhamo. Zonke fungi agaricales ezi kwiseli enye. Njengoko kuyo nayiphi iseli eukaryotic, kwimbambano ukwahlula inwebu, kukho icytoplasm, isiqalo kunye nezinye organelles zeselula. Kwakhona inani elikhulu inclusions ibonakele kuzo. Ubungakanani kwimbambano - ukususela microns-10 ukuya kuma-25. Ngoko ke, ingabonwa kuphela ngemicroscope kwi ukwanda elungileyo. Xa uhlobo ke ngeenxa zonke, okweqanda, yokuluka-emile, zernovidnye nkqu star-ezimile. iqokobhe sabo kwakhona ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeka iintlobo. Kwezinye impikiswano oko egudileyo, ngoxa abanye inameva, ezinoboya okanye amade.

Xa angene zeengxabano okusingqongileyo rhoqo efana ngumgubo. Kodwa iiseli ngokwabo zombini ezingenambala bebala. Kudla kukho iimpikiswano phakathi nomngundo etyheli, omdaka, ezipinki, ukuba yingqombela brown, nezinquma, neengubo ezimfusa,-orenji kunye nokuba lube mnyama. Izazinzulu mycologists sinikele ingqalelo elikhulu umbala kunye nobukhulu sikuyo. Ezi mpawu uzinzile, yaye ngokufuthi bancedisa ekumiseleni iintlobo zomngundo.

Ubume umzimba fruiting: stipe

Inkangeleko umzimba fruiting le ngundo yaziwa ukuba phantse bonke. Umlenze, njengoko cap abunjwe ngayo zixhobo hyphal exineneyo munye. Kodwa ke ezi seli ezinkulu zahluke ukuba iqokobhe babo ziyatyeba kwaye amandla elungileyo. ngundo Foot kufuneka inkxaso. Yena bawuphakamisela ngaphezu zeendawana. Hyphae emlenzeni enxulumene zizithungu ezikufutshane enye kwenye ngokunxuseneyo kwaye phezulu. Ngoko ke uya amanzi nezimbiwa iikhompawundi ukusuka mycelium ukuya eqokobheni. Imilenze ukwahlukanisa iindlela ezimbini: oluqhubekayo (hyphae licinezelwe olusondeleyo) kunye nomgongxo (xa isithuba ebonakalayo phakathi hyphae - mlechniki). Kodwa ngokwesimo kukho iindidi aphakathi. Ezi zemilenze ukutyumka kunye kashtanovika. Kwezi ntlobo, inxalenye yangaphandle ashinyeneyo. Embindini yomlenze izaliswe ido- nomsi-.

Nabanina sinengcamango yokuba yintoni na imbonakalo yomzimba fruiting le ngundo, uyazi ukuba imilenze kuphela isakhiwo. Baye iimilo ezahlukeneyo nezinyuko. Umzekelo, syroezhek neoli Umlenze tyaba kunye zezindlu. Kwaye apha ezaziwayo-kakuhle cap boletus brown neenkowane Aspen ayanda ngokufanayo kwisiseko sayo. A umahluko kwakhona uhlobo obratnobulavovidnuyu of hemp. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu phakathi agaricales obude. Xa kwanda oqaphelekayo emilenzeni aligalele esisekweni, nto leyo maxa wambi iba zibe iindumbisa onamaqhakuva. Olu hlobo hemp kakhulu kwafunyaniswa kwiintlobo elikhulu zomngundo. Kuyinto ehambisana iimpukane agaric, cortinarius, yamaHindu. Uyawathanda, leyo mycelium zintshula kweenkuni, baqhele ukuba babe umlenze tapered emhlabeni. Kokuba kolulwa kwaye zihamba nomtya mycelial, yade phantsi iingcambu zomthi okanye isiphunzi.

Ngoko ke, yintoni na emzimbeni mushroom agaricales ukuze? Le umlenze, ephakamisa ukuba ngaphezu zeendawana kunye chap kwi ezantsi kwe impikiswano zaphuhliswa. Ezinye iintlobo amakhowa, ezifana kubhabha agaric, emva kokumiselwa komhlaba ngoba legqunyiwe ukutyabeka ezimhlophe a. Ibizwa ngokuba "kwiqweqwe iyonke". Njengoko umzimba isiqhamo ukukhula ngundo kwi kwizilayi ayo ahlale phezu kwebhonethi ngeenxa kwaye zisekelwe phezu hemp ngonyuka meshkopodobnoe ukubunjwa - Volvo. Kwezinye fungi, ukuba isimahla, ngoxa abanye - unamathele yaye kubonakala ngathi ukuqina okanye roller. Kwakhona uhlala "izigqubuthelo abaqhelekileyo" ezi amabhanti kwi eludizeni ngulo mngundo. Zibonakala kwiintlobo ezininzi, ingakumbi kumabakala okuqala zophuhliso. Njengomgaqo, amakhowa abaselula amabhanti kufikelela ezisakhulayo Hymenophore.

Umahluko phakathi blewits isakhiwo

Amalungu omzimba le ngundo zahlukile kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. imizimba Fruiting ezinye ayikho ezifanayo isakhiwo echazwe apha ngasentla. Phakathi agaricales amakhowa ukuxolelwa. Kwaye kukho iintlobo eliqela. Kodwa imigca kuphela kunye morels zifana amakhowa agaricales. imizimba yazo fruiting kwakhona umehluko ocacile phakathi le chap kunye esiqwini. Hat baye zenyama kwaye kuthembeke. ukuma kwawo rhoqo etsobhileyo. Umphezulu arhabaxa, kodwa kunoko, exabe. In Morel cap imilo ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka. Igqumeke kunye nezibaya yawo ngokulula uvalo. Ngokungafaniyo agaricales uyawathanda, morels e umaleko Sporiferous zilahlwa kwi cap komhlaba. Yena imelwe "iibhegi" okanye askami. Le isitsha, ezithi endiyibumbileyo, ezingasetyenziswanga iingxabano. Ubukho iindawo ezinjalo imizimba mushroom, Asuka, kuqhelekile kubantu bonke marsupials fungi. Leg kunye imidumba e Morel lomntu lulilize, umphezulu waso ogudileyo kwaye, emazantsi - a ukuqina okuphawulekayo le ezinabileyo.

Abameli omnye umyalelo - afilloforovye amakhowa nazo shlyapochnye imizimba fruiting umlenze owomeleleyo. Eli qela libandakanya chanterelles kunye ubobo. rezinistoy umnqwazi abo okanye isakhiwo enemithi, kancinane. A Umzekelo iphawulekayo - of nomngundo isibiyeli, ezo kwakhona zibandakanyiwe ngokulandelelana. Njengomgaqo, afilloforovye ongabolanga nomngundo, njengokuba kwenzeka agaricales umzimba inyama yabo. Xa zome Ukubuna.

Kwakhona kwahluka ngobunto isakhiwo iintlobo ezininzi clavariaceae amakhowa pileate order. umzimba yabo fruiting has a club-imilo okanye izixhobo. Igqumeke ngokupheleleyo hymenium. Kulo mzekelo, i Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule oda kukunqongophala Hymenophore.

Kwakhona isakhiwo engaqhelekanga ukuze Gasteromycetes. Eli qela ke idla ngokuba tuber umzimba mushroom. Kwiintlobo yelo ifom yoku-odola kunokuba obungafaniyo kunene: ungqukuva, inkwenkwezi-ezimilise, iqanda-ezimilise, kwe-ezimile kunye gnezdovidnoy. ubukhulu sabo kunokuba enkulu. Ezinye fungi ukuba ingayalela bafikelele ububanzi of 30 cm Eyona nto iphawulekayo umzekelo Gasteromycetes -. Yoba puffball giant.

Umzimba kwezityalo ze ngulo mngundo

umzimba kwezityalo of nomngundo mycelium ukubabiza (okanye mycelia) apho ise emhlabeni okanye, umzekelo, ngokhuni. It iqulathe zixhobo entle kakhulu - hyphae kabani ubukhulu nemiqulu 1.5 ukuya kwi-10 mm. Kakhulu branched hyphae. Mycelium kuphuhliswa njengoko zeendawana, yaye kumphezulu wayo. ubude mycelium kumhlaba zizondlo, ezifana ihlathi inkunkuma besukelana km 30 1 gram nganye.

Ngenxa yoko, umzimba kwezityalo of nomngundo yenziwa hyphae elide. Bekhula nje phezulu, oko kukuthi i-apical. Isakhiwo umdla kakhulu mycelium. Mycelium kwiintlobo ezininzi non-cellular. Yena anqunyulwe izahlulelo intercellular kunye iseli enye ngxilimbela. Kuyinto ayikho enye into, kodwa kukho inani elikhulu nuclei. Kodwa mycelium kusenokuba cellular. Kulo mzekelo, phantsi izahlulelo microscope eyahlula iseli omnye komnye, elibonakala ngokucacile.

Uphuhliso lomzimba kwezityalo ze ngulo mngundo

Ngenxa yoko, umzimba kwezityalo le ngundo kuthiwa mycelium. Ukufumana kungena zeendawana ezimanzi, izityebi kulo mbandela eziphilayo, imbewu isiqhuma ifungi pileate. Kungenxa yokuba ukuphuhlisa imisonto elide mycelium. Bekhula kancinci. lokwandisa kuphela isixa ezaneleyo izondlo kwezinto eziphilayo nezimbiwa, iifom mycelium phezu komhlaba imizimba iziqhamo, esiyibiza obude. kanye zakuqala zabo kuvela ngenyanga yokuqala kwasehlotyeni. Kodwa ekugqibeleni baphuhlise kuphela kuqala iimeko zemozulu intle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, a lot of amakhowa ngenyanga yokugqibela ehlotyeni nasekwindla, xa kusina.

iintlobo Power pileate akubonakali iinkqubo lona lisiza kunye nezityalo eziluhlaza. Abakwazi ngokwabo nokulungelelanisa izinto eziphilayo abalufunayo. Ezi seli abanayo ngokuba yiklorofili. Bafuna izondlo ukulungele. Ekubeni umzimba kwezityalo le hyphae ngundo thaca ngoko ke igalelo ukufunxeka kwamanzi ukusuka zeendawana kunye iikhompawundi kwezimbiwa lichithakale. Ngoko ke blewits bakhetha imihlaba ihlathi wamatye-rich. Ngokuqhelekileyo, baya kukhula basike emaqeleni. Uninzi lo mbandela eziphilayo kufuneka amakhowa ndiwuthabathile neengcambu zemithi. Ngoko ke, kaninzi baye ukukhula kufutshane nabo.

Ngokomzekelo, bonke abalandeli ukuzingela cwaka yaziwa ukuba amakhowa amhlophe ungasoloko ukufumana ezinye birches, kwemioki uluhlaza. Kodwa makhowa emnandi ukuba kufunyanwa emahlathini pine. Boletus ezikhulayo emahlathini ezinde Aspen - e-Aspen. Oku lula wachaza into yokuba fungi ukwakha ubuhlobo obusenyongweni nemithi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho luncedo kuzo zombini iintlobo. Xa branched ezinabantu mycelium twist ngeenxa iingcambu zesityalo, yaye izama ukufumana kubo. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi kakubi umthi. Eyona nto kukuba, ukuba ibekwe ngaphakathi iiseli, lo mycelium emhlabeni ungenamandla amanzi kwaye, kakade, iikhompawundi yayo izimbiwa lichithakale. Ngelo xesha linye ukufumana iiseli iingcambu, yaye ngoko, izidlo kunye neenkuni. Ngenxa yoko, mycelium yene owenza umsebenzi ngayo kweenwele ingcambu. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu iingcambu abadala. Kakade ke, akukho lunwele. Oko ke ngokuncedisana enjalo fungi luncedo? Ziyifumana kwizityalo khompawundi luncedo organic bafuna ukutya. Kuphela xa Kwanele kwabo phezu komhlaba zeendawana abaphuhlisa olawulo fruiting of nomngundo pileate.