Imbongi Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin: biography, imisebenzi engcono kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin - imbongi edumileyo Russian, iivesi baba ethandwa kakhulu kwiminyaka pre-revolution wayo, kwaye ngexesha leSoviet. Yena waphila ubomi obude, isixa esininzi enikelwe ukuba umsebenzi wokubhala. Biography Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina ishwankathelwe kweli nqaku.

Imvelaphi, iminyaka yemfundo

Kokuba azalwe ngoDisemba 6, 1848 kwiphondo saseTver (ilali Nizovka). Lo mmandla wayeyoliswa kakhulu Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. azalelwa kuyo iculwa emininzi imisebenzi yakhe. kwilali Nizovka kamva kule minyaka izayo uya kuba ngumthombo yashukumisa wembongi. Uye esingelwe phantsi, ingakumbi, kumbongo wakhe odumileyo "Homeland" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Abazali wembongi baba ngamakhoboka. Spyridon D. wavuka iziseko imfundo uyisemkhulu, Drozhzhina Stepan Stepanovich, ngubani bamfundisa ukufunda zamagama, Kakade ke, kwiNcwadi ka Hours.

Ngowe-1858 Spiridon wathunyelwa kwisikolo ukuya umdikoni yasekuhlaleni. Apha imbongi elizayo bafunda iminyaka emibini kunye nolwazi lokubala. Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin wakhumbula umbulelo kule mihla. Bazinikela umbongo wakhe ka 1905 "Esikolweni umdikoni." Inxaxheba kolu qeqesho Spyridon Dmitrievich yagqitywa - ebusika 1860 imbongi elizayo waya eSt Petersburg emsebenzini.

Ebhadula kulo lonke ilizwe, Self

Iminyaka 36 ezayo yobomi bakhe kuphawulwa neyokudinga ezibuhlungu zeli lizwe. Spyridon D. ukutshintsha imisebenzi. Waye ke umkhonzi ukoma, igosa oncedisayo, unobhala kwi kwivenkile necuba iivenkile, umthengisi, isithunywa, a lackey, eyabe, arhente kwinqanawa Inkampani "Aeroplane", wakholosa kokunikezelwa iinkuni zikaloliwe. Okumiselwe yaphosa imbongi yaseTver kunye eMoscow, eKharkov kunye Yaroslavl, Tashkent naseKiev.

Iminyaka yokuqala-hamba, St. Petersburg, (1860-1871 GG.) - xesha elo kuphela Drozhzhina isiqingatha-ngendlala ubukho ulusizana, kodwa esebenzayo ukuzithethelela. Iminyaka emine yokuqala ayichitha elikomkhulu, wayesebenza yokutyela "Kavkaz" ngokwesondo. Ngeli xesha, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin ngentumekelelo, nangona unsystematically, funda iincwadi, ngokufuthi mgangathweni :. Iimagazini ezifana 'Ukufundela amajoni "kunye" Mir umthunywa "iinoveli cheap ezithandwayo, njll Kodwa emva kwethuba Spiridon D. wayeqhelene imisebenzi JS Nikitin AV Koltsov and NA Nekrasov. Yena bamsusa ukufunda iphephancwadi "spark". Spyridon D. ukususela 1866 waqalisa ukutyelela rhoqo i-Public Library.

yethala leencwadi kunye mbongo lokuqala

On orientation yayo yembono nobugcisa kwakunye neencasa zobugcisa kube nefuthe elihle Drozhzhina iyazazi komkhulu nabafundi kunye nabameli ezintlwini ezahlukeneyo Democratic Youth. Ukulondoloza inengubo kunye nokutya, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin waqokelela kwithala lakhe. Oku kuquka imisebenzi ngababhali yakhe ayithandayo:. M. Yu Lermontovym kunye A. S. Pushkinym, Koltsov kunye Nikitin, P.-J. Beranger and Heine, G. I. Uspenskim kunye Tolstoy, N. kwakhona P. Ogarevym kunye Schiller et al. Drozhzhin wayenomdla iincwadi "ezitokisini". Xa ndandineminyaka eli-17, wadala kumbongo wakhe wokuqala. Ukususela ngelo xesha, Spiridon Drozhzhin akayekanga ukubhala imibongo. Ungeno yokuqala kwidayari yakhe uvele May 10, 1867. Wamsa isiphelo sobomi.

Incwadi yokuqala

Ngo-1870 lilinge lokuqala ukusebenzisa Drozhzhina ukushicilela imisebenzi yabo. Wathumela ke top 5, ngokwembono yakhe, ezi ndinyana "Illustrated Newspaper", kodwa ziye zabukulwa. Ngowe-1873 elide-elindelwe bt zoncwadi wembongi. Kwaba lelo xesha ke Drozhzhina umbongo "Ingoma entabeni amanye elungileyo," yapapashwa magazini "Iziqinisekiso". Ukususela ngelo xesha, Spiridon D. waqala ukuzivakalisa inxaxheba ezahlukeneyo iimagazini ( "Ubutyebi Russian", "Ubusuku Family", "Business", "uLizwi", kunye nabanye.), Njengokuba kwakunye kwiimagazini zabantwana ( "Young Russia", "Skylark", " kwabantwana ukufunda, "" Childhood "kunye nabanye.).

Udumo, Amazing

udumo Drozhzhina njenge imbongi ekupheleni kuka-1870 - sharing-1880. Yanda ngokukhawuleza. iz Surikov uthe wavakalisa umdla umbhali young self-wafundisa. Oku kungqinwa ezibhalelwa enxulumene ku-1879.

E St. Petersburg, ingqokelela yokuqala ukuvela ngo-1889, SD Drozhzhina ( "Imihobe 1866-1888 gg. Nge amanqaku lombhali ubomi bam"). Ngo-1894 no-1907, le ncwadi iye yakhutshwa ixesha ngalinye kakhulu banzi. Noko ke, imbongi waqhubeka ehlala ubuhlwempu. Ekuqaleni kuka-1886 Drozhzhin bade babuyela ndawo yakubo Nizovka. Apha wazinikela ngokupheleleyo iincwadi, kwakunye nomsebenzi yezolimo. L. N. Tolstoy yaxhasa isigqibo, leyo wathabatha Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Homeland, wayekholelwa, uyakwazi kusiphembelela imbongi ukuba impumelelo ezintsha.

Ukudibana ne-Leo Tolstoy kunye R. M. Rilke

Drozhzhin wadibana Lvom Nikolaevichem kabini, ngo-1892 no 1897. Imbongi kumapolisa lali bafumana esweni ngasese, nto ayizange imthintele ukuba akwenze. iya ngcembe ngakumbi kwaye zithandwa ngakumbi mbongi Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Ibali lobomi bakhe iphawulwe isiganeko esibalulekileyo 1900: R. wafika Nizovka Rilke, imbongi omkhulu Austria. Waziguqu- imibongo German Spyridon 4 Dmitrievich.

iincwadi ezintsha, ukuphucula imeko yemali

Omnye emva komnye kule minyaka ilishumi yokuqala yenkulungwane yama-20 beze iincwadi zilandelayo Drozhzhina: ngo-1904 - "Imihobe New" ngo-1906 - "umlimi Unyaka" ngo-1907 - "Songs igugu" ngo-1909 - "New Russian Ingoma" yaye "Bayan" . Circle "Ababhali zabantu 'ngoDisemba 1903 uchithe ingokuhlwa e Moscow, azinikele isikhumbuzo seminyaka engamashumi amathathu msebenzi creative Drozhzhina. Kulo nyaka umhlala yakhe (180 engange ngonyaka, kuba ubomi) wamiswa.

Ngowe-1904 wabhala umbongo "Homeland 'yakhe edumileyo Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Umbhali usoloko yimvakalelo okhethekileyo balo ilizwe apho yena wazalwa. Lo ngumxholo emininzi imisebenzi yakhe.

Ngowe-1905 waba lilungu Drozhzhin ezaziqhutyelwe University of Moscow Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. Kwaye ngo-1910, ngoDisemba 29, waphumelela i-Russian Academy of Sciences. ubungakanani bayo engange-500. Waye yanikezelwa eziqokelelwa Drozhzhinov 1907-09. October 19, 1915, enye incwadi Spyridon Dmitrievich, "Songs of ulima omdala" (eyapapashwa ngowe-1913), iye yanikezelwa yi-Academy of Sciences. Drozhzhin wawongwa "Pushkin" ncomo.

Ekugwetyweni imfazwe impiriyali kunye nenkxaso ka-Oktobha Revolution

Ukuhlala apha elalini, Spyridon D. ukugcina umkhondo iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ebomini yoluntu. Waba ngomnye wababhali ezimbalwa Russian, ngubani ngamandla ningabagwebanga imfazwe impiriyali. Ngowe-1916, kwakukho Drozhzhina umbongo "Phantsi nge imfazwe!". iziganeko akhe anegazi ngowe-1914 ebizwa ngokuba 'amazwi le ubuqaba kwakhona "kwidayari yakhe Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

ngobomi bakhe kuphawulwa zokwamkelwa-Oktobha Revolution, nto leyo Imbongi eneminyaka engama-69 ubudala badibana luvuyo. Yena ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukuba nenxaxheba kwinkonzo yoluntu. Drozhzhin waba lilungu lekomiti yesigqeba lokishi, wayehamba kwilizwe liphela, abantu basekuhlaleni ukufunda imisebenzi yakhe. Imbongi ngowe-1919 waba usihlalo we Writers 'Congress-sabasebenzi kwiphondo yaseTver. imibongo Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina waqhubeka kupapashwa ayisashicilelwa.

"Songs zomsebenzi kunye nomzabalazo"

Ngowe-1923 wabonwa ingqokelela wakhe osihloko sithi "Songs zomsebenzi kunye nomzabalazo." Yena ngoko nangoko ephawulwe kwezikhumbuzo ezimbini imbongi - iminyaka eyi-75 ukuzalwa kwakhe kunye iminyaka engama-50 umsebenzi ngobuchule. Kumsitho le mihla Spyridon D. yakhethwa ukuba ilungu Wawongwa ke ngoko Russian Union of Iimbongi. Ukongeza, igama ilayibrari reference Drozhzhina wabonakala yaseTver. Emva kweminyaka 5, kumsitho isikhumbuzo 80th, Spyridon D. wafumana Sithi halala ye-USSR Academy of Sciences. Kuye kwasayinwa A. P. Karpinskim, umongameli wayo.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Drozhzhin September 28, 1928, sadibana Mxim Gorky eMoscow. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe Spyridon D. babesebenza ehlanganiswe zilandelayo: "Songs" (eyapapashwa ngowe-1928), "Ndlela-ndlela 'yaye' nabalimi Iingoma" (zombini - 1929). "Songs of umlimi," zencwadi imbongi yokugqibela apapasha ngexesha lakhe. Kwakhona Drozhzhin walungiselela yokushicilela i-volume ezine "Complete Works." Ukongeza, wazisa "Amanqaku ubomi kunye nemibongo" de 1930.

Imbongi wafa lweenkobe Nizovka yakhe engama-82 ubudala. Oku aphetha ngobomi Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Ngokufutshane zikuxelele ngamagugu yakhe yokudala.

Iimpawu kunye nokudalwa ixabiso Drozhzhina

Uthuli nendlu apho imbongi babephila phantse bonke ubomi bakhe, ngowe-1938, bathunyelwa kwilali Zavidovo (kummandla esibizwa). Kukho imyuziyam sisikhumbuzo wembongi, nalapho abantu abayithandayo ezininzi italente yakhe namhla.

indlela Creative Spyridon Dmitrievich waba elide kakhulu, ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. Kwakhona kunomvuzo kakhulu. kukhutshwa Drozhzhin phakathi kwakhe ukuqokelelwa ebomini-32, 20 apho - de 1917. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi ndinyana Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina jikelele ngobugcisa kolwabelo olungalinganiyo. Nangona kunjalo wafumana izakhono kunye netalente original kweyona ndawo intle nelifa lemveli leli yombhali. Xa umsebenzi Drozhzhina impembelelo neembongi ezifana Nekrasov, Koltsov kunye Nikitin. , Xa abaliqela imisebenzi yakhe, endingowakhe ukuya kwiminyaka 80-90-th ucula isihobe Nadsona S. Ya ukunyaniseka, spontaneity, ukunyaniseka kunye nokusebenziseka -. Ezi mpawu yaphawula umbongo Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Oko kubizwa ngokuba imvumi ubomi Sasungulwa. Leyo yindlela ichazwe undoqo ubizo lwakhe kunye amanyathelo yokuqala iincwadi ( "Ndithelekelele wam", 1875).

A Inani imisebenzi imbongi bangena intsomi ( "Songs abasebenzi", "Ingoma nejoni"). Uninzi imibongo akhe abenorhatyazo umculo yi abaqambi ezifana V. Ziering, Evseev, A. Cherniavsky, N. Potolovsky, Lashek F. et al. F. I. Shalyapin wenza iingoma ezimbini imibongo wembongi njengoko Drozhzhin Spiridon Dmitrievich .

Biography abantu abadala kunye nabantwana ezichazwe kweli nqaku unika kuphela ukuqonda befunda umsebenzi wakhe. Kubhetele ukuba uthethe ngqo imibongo, ukuze baqonde intsingiselo kunye neempawu yemibongo Spyridon Dmitrievich.