Yintoni emotweni: umzobo kunye nenkcazelo

Kukho abaqhubi babaqweqwedisayo iimoto zabo, kodwa wayengazi ukuba oko emotweni. Mhlawumbi akukho mfuneko ukwazi yonke nezo ukusebenza entsonkothileyo womatshini, kodwa iingongoma eziphambili kusafuneka makwazeke bonke. Ngapha koko, oku kuya kuxhomekeka ubomi zombini umqhubi kunye nabanye abantu. Enkabeni yalo, indlela lula umatshini siquka ezintathu:

• injini;
• chassis;
• Body.

Kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha ngokweenkcukacha oko maqela imoto nendlela ezichaphazela ukusebenza isithuthi xa iyonke.

Ntoni na kule moto: scheme

isixhobo imoto ngolu hlobo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi oomatshini zifakwa iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Ekubeni bengafezekanga, baba kwaye ziphuhlisiwe ngenxa kwasungulwa iinjini ezintsha. Ngokomzekelo, kutshanje wathuma iimoto kunye Iimoto zombane, leyo Kwanele ukuba ahlawulise zokuphuma njengesiqhelo. Eyona yodumo imoto yombane "Tesla". Noko ke, kukho ukwanda kakhulu aba matshini, Kakade ke, de kusekwangoko kakhulu ukuxela.

Kwisisu semoto, nayo, lenziwa:

• emntwaneni okanye umbane;
• chassis;
• Isixhobo control isithuthi.

Umzimba ilungiselelwe ukuba kufakwe abakhweli emotweni kunye nentshukumo bekhululekile. Iindidi ezingundoqo umzimba ukuya kumhla zezi:

• sedan;
• ibibanga;
• ukuguqulelwa;
• wagon;
• yokuthuthwa;
• kunye nabanye.

ICE: Iindidi

Nawuphi na umntu uyaqonda ukuba ukungaphumeleli motor zingaba yingozi empilweni yoluntu kunye nobomi. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni na imoto.

Xa inguqulelo kwisiLatini ithetha injini "uqhuba". Lo matshini sisixhobo ngaphantsi kwalo, yenzelwe ukuguqula uhlobo oluthile lwamandla zibe ngoomatshini.

iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi ziza ngeendlela ezininzi:

• olingene;
• diesel;
• igesi.

Ezininzi zisebenzisa ipetroli nedizili ezahlukeneyo.

Kwimeko yokuqala, njengoko igama lichaza, eyona fuel ipetroli. Emva edlula inkqubo ekhethekileyo, oko ungena eziphindaphindiweyo otyiwa okanye isiBeki. Ke atomized khona umxube eliquka amasuntswana sele umoya ongena iisilinda, le Pistons le zixinaniswe kwaye ibangelwa ube yintlantsi ukusuka yintlantsi iiplagi.

iinjini Ipetroli ezi zepetroli injector Iintlobo. Eyokuqala phantse lisusiwe. Inkqubo Inaliti ye injini na, ke, mechanical (ezisebenzisa zokuxhathisa mechanical njenge kwisixhobo kokuba uyakwazi ukunyenyisa umxube isiphumo) kunye elektroniki (apho kulungiselelwa kwaye izibaso inaliti yenziwa computer ngokupheleleyo - iyunithi yolawulo yekhompyutha). Ekubeni injector lisebenza ngokusondeleyo ngakumbi, iimveliso yokutsha yayo ngaphantsi eziyingozi xa kuthelekiswa ne yepetroli.

Kuba diesel zisebenzisa diesel okhethekileyo. Le motor Akukho inkqubo ucinezelo xa umxube amafutha kuya lombhobho, ubuye saziphakamisa ngokwawo ngenxa izikhombisi eliphezulu lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo ezifunyenweyo ngenxa piston.

iinjini Gas usebenzisa yepetroliyam, zixinaniswe generator igesi. Le amafutha lugcinwe iisilinda apho bayaphoswa reducer ngokusebenzisa evaporator kwaye ulahlekelwa ingcinezelo. inkqubo kuyafana enjinini isitofu. Ke, maxa wambi, awusebenzi le evaporator.

umsebenzi motor

, Ukusuka apho ukuqonda ngcono umgaqo ukusebenza, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ngaphandle iinkcukacha zesithuthi.

Izindlu i block njengesilinda. Ngaphakathi kuyo kukho iindlela, ayaphola kwaye lubricates enjinini.

Le piston - namnye ngaphandle iglasi sisinyithi emgongxweni, encotsheni ezo emakhonkcweni isisele.

Izangqa piston zifumaneka ezantsi, vana, kwaye phezulu - ucinezelo. Le yokugqibela zibonelela ucinezelo okulungileyo ucinezelo umxube air-fuel. Zisebenziselwa ukufezekisa yobunzima lwegumbi yokutsha, kwakunye amatywina ukukhusela ukungena kwi-oyile.

Yesingxobo indlela linoxanduva Buyisela Pistons amandla crankshaft.

Ngoko ke, ukwazi oko emotweni, ingakumbi, injini yayo, baya kuqonda umsebenzi umgaqo. Amafutha engena kuqala kwigumbi yokutsha apho oluxutywe umoya, i plug yintlantsi (kwi petrol kunye negesi embodiments) ibonelela ube yintlantsi, ibe yathatha le mithi, okanye umxube ngokwayo ephakamayo (diesel ngobuwena) phantsi sisenzo soxinzelelo kunye obushushu. greenhouse senziwe nyanzela piston ukuhamba phantsi ngokugqithisela isindululo crankshaft, ngenxa apho iqala ukutshintsha ukudluliselwa, apho intshukumo sisasazwa amavili ngaphambili, asi diff, okanye zombini kwangoko, kuxhomekeke kwi drive. A kamva touch encinane kunye equka kwevili isithuthi. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

transmission

Siye safumanisa ukuba yintoni na le moto, yaye siyazi ukuba kwisisu semoto iquka powertrain, isisu semoto kunye nendlela yolawulo.

Iziqalelo zothumelo zezi zilandelayo:

• transmission;
• clutch;
• zamabanga driveline;
• umehluko;
• driveshafts.

izitho transmission umsebenzi

Bamba yenzelwe uncouple ukosuleleka (gearbox) le-injini, uze nezihlanganisi kakuhle kuzo xa uqala kwaye ihamba off.

CP Itshintsha torque ezosulela ukusuka crankshaft ukuya elijikelezayo. unit CP disconnects uxhulumaniso umgca drive imoto kangangoko kuyimfuneko lokuqhuba in reverse.

Lo msebenzi ungundoqo driveline kukuba okudlulisela torque ukusuka gearbox ukuya izixhobo eziphambili kwiikona ezahlukeneyo.

Umsebenzi ongundoqo transfer engundoqo ukutshintshelwa torque kwi-engile degrees asithoba ukusuka shaft bendiza ngokusebenzisa umahluko kwi iintolo drive yamavili eziphambili.

Zahlula yokubolekisana amavili drive ngamazinga ahlukeneyo ngexesha cornering kunye ezimagqagala sendawo.

chassis

Chassis isithuthi iquka isakhelo, phambi neefeleni angasemva, ukudibanisa kwisakhelo nge nokunqunyanyiswa. Kuninzi cars mihla isakhelo monocoque. Elements of yintoni eyenza ukunqunyanyiswa emotweni, oku kulandelayo:

• imithombo;
• okulo spring;
• absorbers kukothuka;
• Isilinda womoya.

amalungiselelo olawulo

Ezi zixhobo ziquka i inkqubo steering, nto leyo ehambisana ne ngaphambili gear isondo kunye neziqhoboshi. Uninzi cars mihla kusetyenziswa iikhompyutha kwi-Yodi, ngokwabo ukulawula ulawulo, kwezinye iimeko, nkqu leyo uqalise utshintsho oluyimfuneko.

Siphawula apha ukuba onjalo inxalenye ebalulekileyo nje apho isithuthi liquka kwevili. Ngaphandle kwalo, imoto nje akuyi kwenzeka. Lo nguye inyaniso omnye izinto ezinkulu apha iqulathe amacandelo amabini: emoto irabha, nto leyo tube kunye tubeless, kwaye disc ngentsimbi.

umzimba

Xa izithuthi ezininzi namhlanje, umzimba inaso equka iiseli ezifakelwe yi welding. Elilawulayo namhlanje zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngokubanzi ingqalelo uhlobo evaliweyo, ukuba inye, zimbini, zintathu kwaye maxa wambi nkqu imikrozo emine zihlalo. Angarhoxisa yinxalenye okanye uphahla. Ngaloo ndlela Kunzima okanye ethambileyo.

Ukuba uphahla liyasuswa embindini, u ta va a targa umzimba.

phezulu abasusekayo ngokupheleleyo ezithambileyo iba ukuguqulelwa.

Ukuba akukho uthambile yaye kunzima, oko hardtop ukuguqulelwa.

Enqwelweni, ngokufanayo sedan, kukho ulwandiso le gumbi imithwalo, okuluphawu.

A van iya sele ukusuka inqwelo xa iingcango angasemva kunye neefestile wazilungisa.

Xa iqonga umthwalo emva umzimba cab ebizwa evenini.

Coupe - a Coupe umnyango-mbini.

Efanayo, kodwa kukho roadster soft-top ebizwa.

Eluncedo kuzovs emacaleni ngasemva ebizwa combi.

Yokuthuthwa - uhlobo evaliweyo kunye bulkhead engqongqo emva izihlalo eziphambili.

Ukusuka senqaku wafumanisa ukuba yintoni na le moto. ukusebenza ebalulekileyo olwanelisayo onke amacandelo, yaye kucingwa ngcono kwaye waziva, xa kukho ulwazi olufanelekileyo.