Ngubani athi "Eureka!"? ukufunyanwa Legendary of kaArchimedes isimiso

Abaninzi kuthi sikhumbule Archimedes esikolweni. Yaba nguye owathi: "Eureka!", Emva kokungena ibhafu waza waphawula ukuba inqanaba lamanzi wavuka. Oku kwakhokelela ukuba ukuqonda ukuba umthamo wamanzi abafudukayo kufuneka ilingane umthamo into kwamanzi.

Gold Korona Gierona

Kwakukho ukumkani ogama Hieron. Eli lizwe, olwaba yena, waba ezincinane kakhulu, kodwa ke ngenxa yeso sizathu ukuba ufuna ukunxiba isithsaba inkulu ehlabathini. mveliso yawo wayalela eyaziwa othengisa ngobuchule, imnike iikhilogram ezilishumi zegolide ecocekileyo. Master bathembisa ukwenza umsebenzi ngemihla 90. Emva kweli xesha, othengisa wazisa isithsaba. Yaba umsebenzi omkhulu, yaye bonke bakukubona oko, bathi ukuba akalingani kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Xa uKumkani Hiero bamfaka isithsaba phezu kwentloko yakhe, wada nzima kancinane, kwaba ngesigqubuthelo intle kangaka. Inala ifune, wagqiba ukuba bahlaziye ngayo esikalini zabo. Le isithsaba buziikhilogram-10, njengoko uyalelwe. Kukumkani, kodwa wagqiba ekubeni ambonise isilumko kunene, ogama Archimedes. Yena baqalisa i isigqubuthelo ophambili kwaye ihlolwe ngenyameko, waza wacebisa ukuba ongcolileyo ezandleni a othengisa nako weba igolide, kwaye ukugcina ubunzima imveliso ukongeza ubhedu okanye isiliva.

Ndibuhlungu Hiero wacela Archimedes ukuba ukunika kuye ubungqina nobuqhetseba kwiZiko mzekelo, ukuba inkosi wayengathembekanga. Le Isazinzulu wayengazi ukuba yenziwa njani; kodwa hayi loo mntu uyakuqonda into engenakwenzeka. Yena ngomdla benza ekucombululeni iingxaki ezininzi ezinzima, yaye xa kukho umbuzo uxakwe kuye, yena akazange ayeke de wayifumana impendulo. Ngoko wacinga yonke imihla malunga igolide bazama ukufumana indlela apho khangela ubuqhetseba, ngaphandle ebangela umonakalo isithsaba.

Great ezifunyaniswe yenzeke ngengozi

Archimedes kanye kusasa, ukucinga malunga isithsaba sokumkani; wayelungiselela kuhlamba. bath elikhulu epheleleyo udini, xa athe wangena kuyo, yaye amanye amanzi avuza gwantyi phantsi ilitye. sele kwenzeka into efanayo amaxesha amaninzi, kodwa nzulu kuqala ukuba ucinge nzulu ngalo mba. "Indlela amanzi mna zinganakwa, esiya ngokuhlamba?" - wathi yena. - "ulwelo weza kanye njengokuba kwakunjalo mna. Man isiqingatha isayizi yam iya asuse isiqingatha. Kwakuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba sibeka isithsaba "sokuhlambela.

Ngubani athi "Eureka!"?

Gold yesimathane inzima kakhulu ngenxa loxinano ethile ngaphezu kwesilivere. Kwaye ke iikhilogram ezilishumi zegolide ecocekileyo abayi kukwazi ukuba bathabath 'amanzi kangangoko bathabath iikhilogram ezisixhenxe zegolide, ugalelwe ioli iikhilogram ezintathu zesilivere. Nangesilivere ubungakanani ziya kuba enkulu, ke ngoko, amanzi yaye kuya asuse ngaphezu ngegolide ecocekileyo. Halala, ekugqibeleni! I it! Ngoko ke umntu othile wathi, "Eureka!" Yaba Archimedes. Ngokusikhumbula yonke enye into, yena ngaphuma webhate kwaye, ngaphandle kokuma ukuba kubhinqa, wabaleka ezitalatweni kwibhotwe lokumkani, bekhwaza "Eureka! Eureka! Eureka! "Iguqulwe ukusuka intsingiselo lesiGrike elithi" Ndiyifumene! I ndafumana! Ndafumana! "

Crown iye ihlolwe. Ngenxa yoko, ityala elo othengisa kaThixo wabonisa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo elifanelekileyo. Nokuba yena kohlwaywa okanye hayi, imbali ithe cwaka, oko ngokusisiseko akunamsebenzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngulowo wathi: "Eureka!", Xa ibhafu bebone enkulu, nto leyo ebaluleke ngaphezu Korona Gierona.

Le mbono "Eureka"

Lo gama ezinxulumene heuristics, ngolwazi kushishino, ibhekisela amava kunye intuition ukusombulula iingxaki kwinkqubo yokufunda nokwenza ezifunyaniswe. Esi sikhuzo edibene Isazinzulu Archimedes owathi "Eureka" emva entloko Kwafika isigqibo amaza alo ngexesha le ngxaki. Eli bali malunga isithsaba segolide okokuqala uvele ebhaliweyo encwadini Vitruvius, kwiinkulungwane ezimbini emva kweso sehlo.

Abanye abaphengululi baye babuza ukuchana eli bali, besithi le ndlela ifuna imilinganiselo ngqo ngakumbi ukuba kwakuza kuba nzima ukuyenza ngelo xesha. iingxaki ezifanayo ababandakanyekayo UGalileo Galiley, umnikelo uyilo yokulungelelana hydrostatic, nenokuthi isetyenziswe ukuthelekisa ubunzima ubunzima olulophu into ngenjongo enye, ukuntywiliselwa kuphela emanzini.

ubuchule olukhulu

Enye intsomi endala-yaziwa kakuhle iintsomi lijikeleza edume Archimedes. Owathi: "Eureka!"? Kwaye kutheni, I wonder, ezifunyaniswe ezininzi ezinkulu zenziwa ngexesha lemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla routine yaye - kwigumbi lokuhlambela, ulale phantsi komthi? Archimedes wahlabela mgama ukwenza igalelo kuphuhliso yenzululwazi. Odumileyo Greek sezibalo, sezinto kunye ngeenkwenkwezi, wazalwa ngo-287 BC yaseSyracuse, ithanga ZesiGrike esasiseSisili, wafa ngo-212 BC. e. ngexesha ayehlasela ngamaRoma. umthetho bakhe ezifundiswa esikolweni, kwaye kuseyinto enye izazinzulu mkhulu lonke ixesha.

umgaqo Archimedes '

Lo mgaqo edumileyo, kunye ibali umdla, ifundeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ubunzima ukwimo enye kufuneka athathe imali efanayo, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo. Ngubani athi "Eureka"? Yaye oko kuthetha ntoni? Yaba sinochulumanco ngexesha ubhaqo ebalulekileyo. Nokwakheka Umgaqo kaArchimedes uchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: xa umzimba egxile kulwelo, iqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla umkhosi ukubagcina elingana ubunzima kulwelo abafudukayo.

Kutheni ezinye izinto abhabhe, abanye bengazi? Oku kungenxa le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa ukubagcina. Umzekelo, ibhola sentsimbi iza ukutshona, kodwa ke nawo ubunzima enye, kodwa ke imilo Indebe iya iflowuthi kuba ubunzima isasazwa ngaphezu indawo enkulu, yaye lexinene ngentsimbi iba ngaphantsi kwe lexinene amanzi. Umzekelo inokuba iinqanawa ezinkulu, apho ubunzima iitoni eziliqela ezidada olwandle.