Imigqaliselo Astronomical - yintoni na le nto?

Astronomy - enye zenzululwazi endala. Abantu ukusuka kudaladala balandela ukuhamba kweenkwenkwezi zezulu. Imigqaliselo Astronomical ngelo xesha wanceda ukuzulazula ngokuma, kwakunye yayifuneka ukuze kwakhiwe kweenkqubo zefilosofi nezenkolo. Ukususela ngoko iye kakhulu itshintshile. Ekugqibeleni Astronomy ekhululwa ovela ngeenkwenkwezi, uye efunde ulwazi olunzulu kunye namandla zobugcisa. Noko ke, imigqaliselo ngeenkwenkwezi, enziwe Emhlabeni okanye isithuba - isekhona enye yeendlela eziphambili yokufumana data kule inzululwazi. Changed iindlela zokuqokelela ulwazi, kodwa undoqo wahlala ngendlela efanayo.

Yintoni na imigqaliselo ngeenkwenkwezi?

Kukho ubungqina obubonisa ukuba nolwazi olusisiseko isindululo yenyanga ilanga abantu babeqhubeka ngexesha kokubhalwa kwembali. Iinkqubo Hipparchus kunye Ptolemy zibonisa ukuba ulwazi adalwa imfuneko, yaye kudala, bona eninzi ingqalelo. Ngelo xesha nkqu nasemva kwexesha elide nimana ngeenkwenkwezi kukufunda isibhakabhaka ebusuku nokulungiswa oko akubona ephepheni, ngendlela elula, umzobo.

Ide Renaissance izazinzulu abancedisi kweli cala kuphela izixhobo kakhulu esisiseko. A isixa esikhulu data iye ziyafumaneka emva kokusungulwa kweteleskopu. Njengoko izincedisi ichanile yayo ukwandisa ulwazi ifunyenwe. Noko ke, kulo naliphi na inqanaba kusenokwenzeka ukuba inkqubela zobugcisa, kuhlolwa - oku yeyona ndlela iphambili ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga izinto ezingcwele. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kwanaloo nto yenye iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa lwenzululwazi, nto leyo ezilahlekileyo ukubaluleka iindlela ezisetyenziswa ilixa inkqubela yenzululwazi kude, oko kukuthi, i-mkhanya ngeliso lenyama okanye usebenzisa izixhobo ezilula.

ngezigaba

Namhlanje kuhlolwa - yinto udidi ebanzi lweentshukumo. Mabazihlele kungaba ngezizathu ezininzi:

• amalungu afanelekileyo;
• uhlobo idatha;
• indawo.

Kwimeko okokuqala Imigqaliselo zobungcali engahlawulwayo. I-lwazi ezithathwe kolu kukhanya ebonakalayo okanye qho ezibhaliswe neminye imitha magnetic, infrared kunye eyingozi. Ulwazi kulo mzekelo zingafumaneka kwezinye iimeko, kuphela umphezulu iplanethi yethu, okanye kuphela ukusuka isithuba ngaphandle emoyeni: ngokwesiseko yokhululo wesithathu nimana ngeenkwenkwezi enziwe Emhlabeni okanye esithubeni.

besayensi engahlawulwayo

Ubuhle inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nezinye imizimba yasezulwini kwinto ukuba - enye ezimbalwa ngokoqobo kufuneka ukuba abantu abayithandayo esebenzayo kunye indefatigable kwimeko abantu beNkosi. Inani elikhulu leendawo ifanelwe ingqalelo njalo, kufuneka inani elincinane izazinzulu abathatha inxaxheba kule miba zinzima. Ngenxa yokuba ezinye kokuma ngeenkwenkwezi kufuphi-Earth isithuba kuthwalwa abalandeli.

Igalelo labantu ingqalelo uyithandayo yabo ngeenkwenkwezi, kakhulu ephawuleka kule inzululwazi. De phakathi elishumi yokugqibela yenkulungwane yokugqibela, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha ezinomsila esafunyanwa amateurs nje. Xa zabo zophando liquka bume kujongwa iinkwenkwezi New tracking abasingethe zesibhakabhaka imizimba izijikelezi. Le yokugqibela kungokunje umsebenzi ethembisayo nezaziwayo. Ngokubhekiselele ezintsha supernovae, sukube lokuqala baziphawule ukuba izazi engahlawulwayo.

Iinketho imigqaliselo engahlawulwayo

astronomi engahlawulwayo lungahlukaniswa kwiindawo ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo:

• besayensi Visual. Ezi ziquka kuhlolwa ngokusebenzisa omabonakude, telescope okanye ngeliso lenyama. Eyona njongo iphambili ye imisebenzi enjalo, njengoko umgaqo, kukuba ukufumana ukuzonwabisa ithuba lokubona intshukumo iinkwenkwezi, kwakunye nenkqubo ngokwayo. Lom umdla lo mkhuba - "saMatye" ngeenkwenkwezi: ezinye fans kuthabatha ngezibonakude zazo esitratweni yaye wacela bonke abafuna babubone iinkwenkwezi, langa kunye neNyanga.
• Astrophotography. Injongo yale nkongomiso - ukubonelela imifanekiso lokufota imizimba yasezulwini nezinto zabo.
• ekwenziweni Telescope. Maxa wambi kuyimfuneko woqondo izixhobo, yerediyo kunye izincedisi, abalandeli zenziwa ukusuka ekuqaleni. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ekwenzeni Array kukuba ukuncedisana zokusebenza ezikhoyo kunye nezincedisi ezintsha.
• Research. Ezinye izazi engahlawulwayo bafuna ngaphandle ulonwabo nobugcisa baze bafumane into kancinane obuphathekayo. Bona benza ekufundeni izijikelezi-langa ezincinane, izinto, novae kunye supernovae, enomsila kunye iishawa Meteor. Ngamaxesha athile ngexesha ezifunyaniswe rhoqo kwaye onzima lokuqwalasela zenziwe. Kuyinto lo msebenzi izazi engahlawulwayo kuzisa igalelo kakhulu kwinzululwazi.

iingcali imisebenzi

Izazi Iingcali emhlabeni jikelele baye nezixhobo ngcono kunokuba amateurs. Mngeni ejongene nabo, kufuna ngokuchanileyo phezulu ekuqokelelweni kolwazi, izixhobo zezibalo nekhutheleyo ekutolikweni bokuxela izinto kwangaphambili. Xa iziko umsebenzi iingcali, njengoko umthetho, zintsonkothe kakhulu, ngokufuthi izinto ezikude kunye nezimo. Ngokufuthi, babeziindleko ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni ivumela ukuba asikhanyisele imithetho ezithile iphela, ukucacisa, ukuncedisana okanye ukuphikisa uyakha yeengcingane ngemvelaphi yayo, isakhiwo kunye elizayo.

Ucalulo ngokohlobo ulwazi

Uphawula ngeenkwenkwezi, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ukuze kunxulumana nitrogen of radiation ezahlukeneyo. Kule isisekelo ezi nkalo zilandelayo:

• Astronomy Optical iphenye radiation kuluhlu ebonakalayo;
• besayensi infrared;
• besayensi yelanga;
• isayensi;
• X-reyi besayensi;
• gamma-ray ngeenkwenkwezi.

Ukongeza, bejonge kwesi inzululwazi ababiwa kwaye mkhanya ehambisana sinxulumana radiation electromagnetic. Oku kuquka neutrino ngokufunda imitha neutrino evela kwimithombo komhlaba ka omxhuzulane-wave ngeenkwenkwezi kunye iplanethi yethu.

Ukusuka kwamanzi

Inxalenye nesenzeko ifundwa astronomi ziyafumaneka zophando kwiilebhu ezisekelwe emhlabeni. Imigqaliselo ngeenkwenkwezi ehlabathini enxulumene ekufundweni trajectories lwemizimba yasezulwini, neSingqinisiso umgama esithubeni, iinkwenkwezi, i nitrogen ezinye iintlobo kwemitha kunye nonomathotholo amaza, njalo-njalo. Phambi kokuba ubekelwe ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni, ngeenkwenkwezi inokuba ukoneliseka iinkcukacha ezifunyenwe phantsi kweemeko iplanethi yethu kuphela. Kwaye oko kwakwanele ukwakha kwithiyori imvelaphi kunye ngendaleko ngayo indalo, ekufumanekeni kwemithetho ezininzi ezikhoyo yonke.

High Umhlaba ngaphezu

Ngenxa Isathelayithi yokuqala kusungula kwixesha elitsha ngeenkwenkwezi. Idatha eqokelelwe kwisiphekepheke, zibalulekile. Baye negalelo ekuqondeni ngcono iimfihlelo oosonzululwazi iphela.

Imigqaliselo ngeenkwenkwezi isithuba zikuvumela ukurekhoda zonke iintlobo imitha, ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo ukuya Imiqadi gamma kunye X-ray kuluhlu. Inkoliso yabo ziyafumaneka lokufundisisa on Earth, njengoko ojikeleze umhlaba kaThixo afunxa kubo, musa ukuvumela komhlaba. Umzekelo ezifunyaniswe kwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba ekuqaleni nangobudala kwisithuba, ngaba pulsars X-ray.

ulwazi eyinzuzo

Imigqaliselo Astronomical kwenziwa isithuba ngoncedo izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ekhwele isiphekepheke Bajikeleza satellites. izifundo ezininzi kunje olwenziwe kwi- International Station Space. Igalelo ngeeteleskopu enombala, ezifana ekugqibeleni izihlandlo eziliqela kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Imela phakathi kwabo "Hubble" odumileyo. Ukuze nje ukuba ngokuyintloko ngumthombo imifanekiso kuhle ngokumangalisayo lokufota isithuba enzonzobila. Nangona kunjalo, oku into "uyazi". Nalo ezafumana isixa esikhulu solwazi malunga enjengesakhiwo ezininzi izinto, le regularities ye 'ukuziphatha'. "Hubble" kunye nezinye ngezibonakude i data umthengisi esixabiseke efunekayo ukuze astronomi yeengcingane, ukusebenza ngemiba yophuhliso lwe iphela.

Imigqaliselo Astronomical - zombini ezisentlabathini kunye nesithuba - ekuphela umthombo wolwazi leyona ngemizimba zesibhakabhaka ezinzulu. Ngaphandle kwabo, oosonzululwazi ukuphuhlisa iingcamango ezahlukeneyo kuphela ngaphandle kokuba akwazi ukuthelekisa kubo nenyani.