Yintoni itolikwa njengoko ngumlingani unxulumano kunye nexabiso

Kwihlabathi wethu, yonke into oqhagamshelwano phakathi, kwindawo ethile oko iyabonakala ngeliso lenyama, kwaye kwezinye iimeko abantu abazi nokuba uyazi ubukho ulwalamano olunjalo. Nakuba kunjalo, amanani, xa wayebhekisela ukuxhomekeka efanayo, badla ukusebenzisa igama elithi "ukuhlanganisa". It amaninzi zifumaneka kule ncwadi kwezoqoqosho. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na eyona kolu luvo, ziziphi izinto nendlela ukutolika amaxabiso ifunyenwe.

ukuba nombono

Ngoko ke, yintoni kungqinelwano? Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli binzana ithetha ubudlelwane statistical phakathi parameters ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Ukuba uguqula ixabiso omnye okanye ngaphezulu wabo, ngoko inika kuchaphazela ixabiso zabanye. Kuba kwenkcazelo zemathematika kwemikhosi loo kokuxhomekeka kuqhelekile ukuba usebenzise ezahlukeneyo izinto. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwimeko apho kukho utshintsho omnye parameter akuthethi kukhokelela utshintsho zendalo elinye, kodwa ifuthe kuyo nayiphi na manani i parameter iimpawu, ulwalamano onjalo unxulumano, kodwa zamanani nje.

History of the gama

Ukuze siqonde ngcono ukuba kungqinelwano, makhe sijonge ibali. Eli gama livela kwi kubulela ngenkulungwane XVIII ukuba iinzame paleontologist French Zhorzha Kyuve. Le Scientist liqulunqe ebizwa ngokuba 'ngumthetho ukuhlanganisa "amalungu kunye iindawo eziphilayo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukubuyisela ukubonakala i eziphili zamandulo wenkomo, kunye kuphela ezinye iintsalela bayo abakhoyo. Ngo-manani, kwafika eli lizwi ukusetyenziswa ngo-1886 kunye ngesandla ngokukhanya manani IsiNgesi kunye sebhayoloji Francis Galton. kanye Isihloko yekota ifumene nentsingiselo yalo: hayi nje hayi zonxibelelwano kuphela - «ngokunxulumene» kwaye ubudlelwane kunye nezinye yinto ekwabelwana - «co-budlelwane». Nangona kunjalo, chaza ngokucacileyo ngokwezibalo ukuba lo unxulumano yodwa umfundi Galton, eziphilayo kunye yezibalo uKarl Pearson (1857 - 1936). Yaba nguye lowo kuqala wazisa indlela ngqo zokubala okuza ahambelanayo.

pair ukuhlanganisa

Ngoko sikubiza ubudlelwane phakathi amaxabiso ezimbini ezithile. Umzekelo, oku kubonakaliswa ukuba iindleko ngonyaka intengiso eUnited States, ezinento yokwenza ubungakanani imveliso kwesambuku. Kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwezi amaxabiso kwisithuba ukususela 1956 ukuya 1977 uthixo ukungavumelani kwaba 0,9699. Omnye umzekelo - inani ngotyelelo kwisitora online kunye nomthamo yentengiso yayo. Ulwalamano olusenyongweni ezifumanekayo amaxabiso njengoko intengiso yotywala kunye izinga lokubanda, i-avareji lobushushu ukuze kwindawo ethile kulo nyaka umiyo kwaye owandulelayo, njalo njalo. D. Indlela ukutolika ukungavumelani kwe isibini ukuhlanganisa? Ngoku, siphawula ukuba kuthatha ixabiso ukusuka -1 ukuya ku-1, apho inani elithabathayo ibonisa umva, kwaye ezakhayo - ukuxhomekeka ngqo. Iziphumo ezinkulu unit count, kokukhona ubukhulu nempembelelo ngayo enye kwenye. Ixabiso lika zero imele ukunqongophala ixabiso ukuxhomekeka ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 ibonisa amahlwempu, yaye ngenye indlela - ukuba ichazwe ngokucacileyo ubudlelwane.

ukuhlanganisa Pearson kaThixo

Kuxhomekeke scale walinganisa variables yobalo ezisetyenziselwa Isalathisi (Fechner lomlingani Spearman, Kendall kunye t. D.). Xa kuvavanywa amaxabiso lekhefu, le ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa salathisi, wasungula Karlom Pirsonom. Le ratio kubonisa iqondo ubudlelwane yomgama phakathi kwe parameters ezimbini. Xa abantu bethetha correlations, uninzi kuyo yaye engqondweni. Esi salathisi kuye zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba liye ifomula e-Excel kwaye kuhle kakhulu xa ufuna ukuqonda ukuba yintoni kungqinelwano na, ngaphandle kokuya kwi nezo iifomyula ezintsonkothileyo. Le syntax lo msebenzi wenziwa le fom: VARIANCE (array1, array2). Njengoko kwimiboniso yokuqala neyesibini amanani esihambelanayo parameter ngokubanzi endaweni.