Imbali ngemvelaphi imali

Imbali ngemvelaphi imali iya emva maxesha amandulo. Ukuya ixesha elithile, urhwebo lwaqhutywa nge ngokutshintshiselana kwempahla. Kodwa xa wasungula elingana omnye, apho bekumele ukuba abe khona kwiimarike yorhwebo, yokulinganisa iindleko.

Umsebenzi esilingana kuqala wenza izinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, e Iceland yamandulo - lizwe labalobi noomatiloshe - "imali" kwakujongwa intlanzi (zonke ukuthenga nokuthengisa cod). Kule mibongo Homeric inani leenkomo ezichaza ixabiso omnye okanye enye imveliso.

Ke kaloku, ingqiqo ka "imali" kwi imvelaphi yayo kufutshane elithi "iinkomo". Ngoko ke, kanondyebo Old njengenkosana, wabizwa ngokuba "cowgirl" kunye nonondyebo ngokuba "cattleman", nangona inkoliso kanondyebo kunye bullion negolide noboya.

Kumaxesha amandulo, ukubana rhoqo ezinye labarhwebi impahla bazisa ukuphazamiseka kakhulu. Kwakukho imfuneko elilingana ezinzileyo. Ngenxa yoko kwasekwa imiqathango ngenxa ukuvela imali.

Kulo nyaka-1200 BC iye ebezisenziwa namaqokobhe Cowrie ubonisa uphawu Chinese. Wema ukuba "imali". Ngoko ke, ngokuthe ngcembe waqala wangena elingana ubomi esisigxina.

"Coins" ekuthiwa Juno (isithixokazi eRoma yaMandulo), itempile i-ngo-3. BC. e. Mint sasikhona.

imali Metal liye laba Ifom yokuqala eziqheleke kakhulu elide ezikhoyo. Ixabiso zemali zigcinwa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. imali sisinyithi bakhonza ezahlukeneyo izinto. Le yaba yeyona ixhaphakileyo copper, igolide, nesilivere. Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje imveliso utshintsho ezincinane eyenziwe aluminium ezahlukeneyo, isetyenziswa apho yinxalenye i-aluminiyamu, nickel kunye nezinye izinto.

Imbali ngemvelaphi imali ngokusondeleyo kunye nezithembiso ebhaliweyo. "Isithembiso ukuhlawula" yokuqala ukuvela e China. Banikela irisithi, elikhutshwa phantsi amaxabiso athile, urhwebo-ezivenkileni ezikhethekileyo zokugcina.

Abaphandi kude kangaka akakwazi ngokukodwa igama ilizwe apho Sivela imbali imvelaphi imali. Kukholelwa ukuba iinkozo zokuqala zakhutshwa ngo-7. BC. e. Imbali ayenza waqalisa ngelo xesha e China. Ilizwe elifanayo baqalisa ukuvelisa amanqaku amaphepha, nangona kunjalo, kuninzi kamva (kwinkulungwane 8. BC. E.). EJapan, abahambi abaninzi nje ukubona currency yokuqala.

Imbali imvelaphi imali (iphepha) e China kakhulu enxibelelene ne ukuvela ezo abaqashi yokuqala. Inyaniso kukuba lo gama imali iphepha ukuba zibe nokutshintshanisa ngokukhululekileyo igolide kunokuba abantu abaninzi yaye uyakhawuleza inzuzo.

Njengoko yaziwa, umatshini wokushicilela wokuqala yaqanjwa Gutenberg ngo-1440. Kakade ke, ukuba yenzelwe ukuba upapasho iincwadi, kodwa kungekudala wabandakanyeka, yaye ukuze kukhululwe imali. Ngaloo ndlela, kwakukho indlela noko ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula kakhulu iindleko zemveliso.

Ukuvulwa uRhulumente yokuqala Central Bank of Sweden isiganeko ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa lonke uqoqosho lwehlabathi. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1661.

Ixesha ngokwaneleyo elide ayikho enye lizwe akazange abe nobuganga ukuvula iinkonkxa ekhaya. Kwaye kuphela 1801 wenza ibhanki yokuqala engundoqo eFransi.

A kwinqanaba entsha koqoqosho kufikelele US ngo 1824, intshayelelo sentlawulo ikheshi, ukulungiselela kakhulu intlawulo yokufunyanwa ezinkulu. Ngowe-1944 weza zokubolekisa ehlabathini currency odumileyo "US dollar".

Ngo-1990, kwakukho imali yokuqala elektroniki, apho inani elikhulu abasebenzisi onokuhlawula yathengwa umqeqeshwa lowo.

Ngowe-2002 weza ejikelezayo yenye lwemali ezaziwayo-kakuhle - i "euro". Kumazwe amaninzi isetyenziswa njenge lwemali kazwelonke.