Amathambo zoluntu esiphelweni asezantsi. Amalungu kweqondo esezantsi yomntu

Nabani na ngokugqibeleleyo yexa amathambo indoda, ngenxa imifanekiso emininzi nemizobo ukuba sonke Sibonile esikolweni. Kodwa ngaba siyazi ukuba amathambo komntu omdala iquka inani elikhulu amathambo ezahlukeneyo, nganye ezisebenza umsebenzi ethile?

skeleton Human: ntoni na?

skeleton ngoluNtu undoqo wayo. Nguye kuphela nako ukuthetha umzimba womntu egcina amalungu akhe lwangaphakathi kunye neenkqubo, kodwa linxiwa kuthinjwe izihlunu zakhe. Ngoncedo ngamathambo omntu unako ukwenza iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo: ukuhamba, ukutsiba, uhlale, ulale phantsi, kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi. An into umdla kukuba zabantu amathambo - compound amathambo - kwasekwa umntwana nangoku esibelekweni. Noko ke, ekuqaleni ke kuphela intlala ithathwa ngethuba lobomi bakhe phezu ithambo. Amathambo ziye encinane ngaphakathi kwisithuba vuphukuphuku. Oku kwenzeka apho inkqubo yokukhula kwabantu. Omnye weyona misebenzi ibaluleke gqitha ngamathambo zoluntu ukuyilwa iiseli ezintsha igazi avelisa lomongo wethambo ibekwe ngqo kulo. Le peculiarity amathambo abantu - siyakhuselwa ubomi (kunye nokukhula ngoko eqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso) yohlobo oluthile. Uluhlu amathambo ngamathambo omntu luquka izibizo ezingaphezu kwama-200. Abaninzi kubo zidityaniswe, abanye musa babe ngababini (iziqwenga 33-34). Ezi zezinye amathambo kwentamo kunye ukakayi, kwakunye coccyx, lo sacrum, amathambo.

Imisebenzi mlenze kwabantu

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba inkqubo yendaleko, t. E. Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo womntu, wabeka istampu ngqo ekusebenzeni ezininzi amathambo akhe. yabantu isebe skeleton Top kunye imilenze yayo ezinokususwa eyenzelwe ikakhulu ngenxa ukusinda kwabantu ehlabathini. Ngoncedo kwezandla uyakwazi okupheka, benze umsebenzi wasekhaya, bakhonza bona, njalo njalo. D. Kukho kwakhona amathambo nemilenze woMntu. Anatomy of zeengcinga zabo ukuze abantu kuqhutyelwa kwindawo tye. Kwangaxeshanye, bakhonza njengesiseko intshukumo yakhe nenkxaso. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nemilenze - ephathekayo ngaphantsi, xa kuthelekiswa ngaphezulu. Ba ngokobunzima kwanokuxinana ngaphezulu omkhulu. Kodwa kunye nalo, nemisebenzi yabo ibalulekile kakhulu kuba abantu.

skeleton Human alo mlenze elisezantsi

Cinga ngamathambo omntu: amathambo kwesebe ezisezantsi umbhinqo nemilenze thaca kunye iqela elikhululekileyo. Kwinxalenye Imintla ithambo ilandelayo: esifubeni ibhanti, ibleyidi kunye clavicle, ihumerus kunye namathambo zengalo, esihlahleni. Amathambo izitho zabantu asezantsi ziquka: umbhinqo zangasese (okanye bafundelane ngezibini lithambo zangasese), yifemur, lesiquluba, unyawo. Amathambo ezamahala yalityatya esezantsi yabantu, ngokunjalo iibhanti bayakwazi na ukumelana ubunzima umntu, kutheni ukuba zibaluleke kangaka kuye. Ngapha koko, enyanisweni, kuphela ngokusebenzisa ezi zihlanganisi ukuze ibe kwindawo othe nkqo.

umbhinqo zangasese (bafundelane ngezibini amathambo hip)

Icandelo Inxalenye yokuqala, nto leyo isisiseko ukwakha amathambo ibhanti umlenze abantu, nini ithambo zangasese. Oko kukuthi, itshintsha isakhiwo yayo emva ukufikisa na omdala. Ngaphambi kwelo ubudala bathi umbhinqo zangasese ibandakanya ezintathu ezahlukeneyo amathambo (ilium, pubis kunye ischium), luqhakamshelene inyama cartilaginous. Ngenxa yoko, zakha uhlobo umngxuma, apho intloko femoral ibekwa. Bone isitya ukhandwa odibanisa phambi amathambo ezifana. Ngasemva, waba kunye uncedo sacrum. Ngenxa yoko, la mathambo zangasese benza uhlobo umsesane nto leyo egcina nezibilini.

Yifemur kunye patella

Amathambo emlenzeni kwabantu ibhanti ayikho mobile njengabanye kuye, nto leyo njalo kuxokwa - asimahla lomzimba asezantsi. Le nkqubo ibandakanya: isinqe, umlenze kunye ngonyawo. Ihleza okanye ithambo ethangeni na ithambo tubular. Kubalulekile kananjalo sikhulu lide onke amathambo, nto leyo sinikezwe emzimbeni womntu. Inxalenye ayo aphezulu liqhagamshelene ibhanti yifemur zangasese ngokusebenzisa nentloko kunye nentamo ende ezibhityileyo. Apho intamo ludlulele kwindawo engundoqo ye yifemur, kuyo kukho entabeni ezimbini ezinkulu. Kulapha uyanamathela isambuku kwizihlunu asezantsi lomzimba womntu. Phantsi ithambo lethanga kuba mkhulu. Nazi ezisezintabeni amabini edityaniswe umlenze, ekugqibeleni, kunye patella kunye lesiquluba. Patella - flat bone ngeenxa zonke, ngoncedo apho ayeguqa ngamadolo zakho. Amathambo umlenze yabantu, ezizezi, umlenze ivi, abaziphethe kulandelayo: indawo kuthinjwe ubuninzi izihlunu akhiwe kwi imilenze, iinyawo kunye ukukwazi ukugoba.

shin

ho Human iqulathe amathambo amabini: lesiquluba kunye lesiquluba. Bona zibekwe enye ecaleni kwenye. Eyokuqala kuzo kakhulu omkhulu nepeni. Ngaphezu idibanisa kunye outgrowths (condyles) of yifemur kunye nentloko lesiquluba. lesiquluba Downwardly ebuya ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya amaqatha medial nangapha - ibekwe ngqo phantsi kwesikhumba. Lesiquluba ezincinane ngobukhulu. Kodwa ekupheleni kwayo kananjalo eqinileyo. Ngale ndlela elidityaniswe kuyo encotsheni lesiquluba, kwaye ezantsi yakha a neqatha lateral. Kubalulekile ukuba omabini amacandelo lesiquluba, nayo leyo imele amathambo abantu umlenze ephantsi nilithambo elide.

Amathambo unyawo lomntu

Amathambo ye unyawo lomntu wahlulwe ube zahlulo zithathu eziphambili: amathambo tarsal, metatarsals kunye phalanges. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba stop a amathambo abantu simahla esiphelweni asezantsi. Eyokuqala kuzo ziquka amathambo zibe sixhenxe, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo na ithambo ebizwa ngokuba talus kwaye uyila iqatha, namathambo isithende. Okulandelayo elise metatarsals. Kukho abahlanu kuphela kubo, kwephambili ziyatyeba kakhulu kwaye elifutshane omnye. Neenzwane zawo zenziwe lamathambo ekuthiwa phalanges. Le peculiarity lwesakhiwo kukuba nakubhontsi iqulethe 2 yokuhlasela, ezinye iminwe - ezintathu.

Anatomy of amalungu imilenze asezantsi woMntu. Sacroiliac joint, symphysis zikawonke

Nje ufuna ukuba onke amalungu alo mlenze olusezantsi inkulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa amalungu kweqondo eliphezulu. Bathi inani elikhulu iinyanda ezahlukeneyo, athabatha apho phandle iindidi lweentshukumo inokwenziwa ngoncedo kweenyawo zabantu. Amathambo kunye amalungu ngamathambo zokwenziwa ephantsi ekuqaleni wadala ukuba abe nenkxaso umzimba womntu ukuyisusa. Ngoko, ke, ukuba zithembekile, womelele yaye uyakwazi ukumelana imithwalo enzima. Masiqalise kunye ophezulu, ngokuba indawo, namalungu. Ngoncedo lwabo, amathambo zangasese ezihlanganiswe yaye ayila isinqe zabantu. A phambi joint ekuthiwa symphysis zikawonke wonke, yaye emva - le sacroiliac. Eyokuqala isekelwe ibekwe nezinye ngamnye ithambo zikawonke wonke. Ukomeleza lo symphysis zikawonke ukhandwa inani elikhulu nemisipha. Sacroiliac joint ixesha elide kakhulu yaye phantse ukugogeka. Yena yesondo ngokuqinileyo kungekuphela ngamathambo zangasese, kodwa emqolo ngenombolo nemisipha tight.

Taz man: ezinkulu nezincinane. hip

Oku sele kuchaziwe ukuba amathambo abantu alo mlenze umbhinqo asezantsi zimelwe ikakhulu amathambo hip. Bona eziqhagamshelene kwi symphysis zikawonke wonke kunye sacrum, ifomu isinqe. Kuyinto, ngoko ukuthetha, umsesane elikhusela onke amalungu ngaphakathi, imithambo yegazi kunye luvo kwimpembelelo yangaphandle. Zizakubalulwa isinqe ezinkulu nezincinane. Kwabasetyhini, kuba banzi kakhulu yaye ngaphantsi kunolo babantu. Ngelo besini intle yonke ekucingelwa ukuba kube lula ukuba selesondele ekuhleni kwayo inkqubo, ngoko isinqe ngokumila ajikelezayo ngakumbi kunye obunamandla. Amalungu ngamathambo zokwenziwa ephantsi bammisa omnye wamalungu ezigqamileyo eli qela - joint hip. Ntoni idume kangaka? hip Ndikhuphe - unesiphako kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle kweqondo asezantsi, leyo kuqatshelwa kwinyanga nje emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza oko ngexesha, ngenxa uxilongo alunyangwanga inokuzisa kwiinkathazo ezininzi sele umdala. Ilunga hip iquka em- amathambo zangasese kunye intloko femoral. Uvavanyo has a lot of nemisipha ngokudibeneyo, ngenxa apho ihlala ixesha elide yaye kakhulu ezihambayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le anomaly kasikrobana ebantwaneni abanamava podiatrists nga ukuxilonga neemviwo aqhelekileyo malunga nesigulane eso. nemithathu Unyawo esandleni kwindawo uvaleke ngama 180 kunokwenzeka kuphela xa amalungu hip esempilweni.

idolo-joint

Khawucinge ngamathambo abantu. Qhagamshela amalungu kwamathambo ngendlela iimfuno komntu ithambo yonxibelelwano amandla kunye nokudala ukushukumiseka ubuninzi ayo. Umzekelo ogqwesileyo yikhompawundi enjalo joint kwedolo. Yena, koko, yeyona joint inkulu emzimbeni womntu. Nesakhiwo sayo sinzima kunene: joint edolweni abunjwe ngabo condyles ze yifemur, patella, lesiquluba. Zonke joint zigutyungelwe ngeentambo ethembekileyo, leyo, kunye namalungiselelo yezithuthi yonyawo, yibambe kakuhle. Ngenxa kuyo Kwakumi kuphela, kodwa ukuhamba. Ilunga amadolo unako ukuvelisa iindidi motion: setyhula, flexion kunye extensor.

iqatha joint

Leli lunga kukhonza ixesha uxhulumaniso ngqo yonyawo kunye umzantsi womlenze. Around ke iinyanda ezininzi zinika iindidi intshukumo kunye uzinzo eyimfuneko emzimbeni womntu.

amalunga metatarsophalangeal

Wafundela amalungu umdla ngu ukumila kwayo, xa kuthelekiswa namanye amalungu alo mlenze esezantsi yabantu. Banjengeziko ibhola. Ukuqinisa ukuba bakhonze njenge lungu emacaleni naphezu yintende yonyawo. Baya Ungayihambisa, nangona iyantlukwano lweentshukumo zabo akukho ezahlukeneyo: a ukuziyolisa encinane esandleni, flexion kunye ukwandiswa. unyawo lomntu ibandakanya (kade-ezihambayo) amalungu kunye nemisipha ezininzi. Ngoncedo lwabo, kwaye intshukumo eyenziweyo, umzimba womntu inkxaso efanelekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, sinokugqiba ukuba amathambo yabantu kwesebe umbhinqo asezantsi ngaphantsi mobile ngaphezu kwisebe ithambo ekhoyo efanayo. Kodwa lo msebenzi ayikho ngaphantsi akekho okanye enye.

Njengoko iminyaka ukuphuhlisa amalungu oluntu?

Sonke siyazi ukuba ngexesha ubomi ivavanywa utshintsho oluthile kwaye amathambo yendoda. omzimba skeleton esezantsi ivavanywa utshintsho oluphawulekayo kunye nobudala. Amathambo, leyo ziphuhlisiwe ngokusekelwe kwizicwili, ezi zigaba ezintathu utshintsho yayo: kwizicwili, intlala bone. bone zangasese: wabeka naxa Palsy. Senziwe maleko cartilaginous phakathi amathambo zangasese kusindiswa uqobo ekukhuleni zesini zabantu. Baqhubeka kosteneyut. Patella: point of kwamathambo angenzeka umntwana kwasekuqaleni ubudala 2, ngokupheleleyo eyenzekayo ndaweni kule minyaka-7. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo nemilenze kubantwana kuzalwa ikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu abadala. Kwincopho ukukhula ngokukhawuleza nexesha lokufikisa: amantombazana - iminyaka 13-14; abafana - iminyaka 12-13.

Khumbula ukuba amathambo abantu ixhomekeke ezahlukahlukeneyo nokwenzakala ngohlobo zokonzakala nkqu waphuka. Ekubeni wayaleza ukuphunyezwa inani elikhulu enjalo kwemisebenzi ebalulekileyo lomzimba, kufuneka bakhuselwe. Ukuba adle (ukutya ngokwaneleyo icalcium kunceda ukomeleza amathambo) ukuba akhokele yokuphila asebenzayo (exercise and ezemidlalo), iliso impilo yabo (naziphi na izitenxo ekusebenzeni asemzimbeni ukukhangela ingcali onobuchule) - konke kufuneka ukuba uyenze ukuze wonke. Kwaye ngoko lobudala uya nazo ziphilile, esempilweni yaye bonwabile.